• Information Systems Review
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.101-132
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• 2015

National technical qualifications to enhance an individual's vocational skills, the competitiveness of companies and countries have an important function to improve. Especially 'qualifications' will have a signal function to show objectively measure an individual's ability with the 'Education' The "knowledge necessary for the performance of their duties. Technology will gain knowledge about such assessment or recognition is based on certain criteria and procedures." Learning to qualify are being made through a smart learning a lot. Due to the revolution of the Internet in recent years with the development of information and communication technologies are entering into a knowledge society, the importance of information and knowledge. This contemporary smart learning education system is continuing to rapidly growing in pace with the changing time and space constraints, without teaching and learning is taking place. The purpose of this study is the ARCS motivation theory can determine a representative theory of human motivation factors and basic psychological needs dealing with the human nature of the psychological needs Interactivity and immersive learning, and to validate the empirical causality Affecting the continued use of smart learning through fun. Specifically, attention, relevance, confidence in the ARCS motivation, see their effect on the learning flow through the satisfaction we analyze empirically. Through this national technical qualifications smart learner's learning by supporting the implicit synchronization of students in learning are the degree of continued use. Therefore, to achieve the objectives of national technical qualifications and skills through a smart learning can contribute to the activation of the development and certification of course industry.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.45-52
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose an intention to study the purchase of smart music by Chinese consumers. To study the influence of the originality and usefulness of intelligent music products on the purchase intention of Chinese consumers, and to explore how the originality and usefulness of intelligent music products affect the purchase intention. To achieve this goal, 372 questionnaires were collected through the Internet for frequency analysis, factor analysis, confidence analysis and structural equation analysis of data collection, and were carried out by SPSSV22.0 and AMOSV22.0 methods. Research the validation of assumptions in the model to reveal the psychological and behavioral responses of consumers to smart music products. The results show that the originality and usefulness of new products not only directly affect the purchase intention of Chinese consumers, but also indirectly affect their purchase intention by enhancing their attractiveness. The conclusion of this study is of guiding significance for the development of intelligent music product development and marketing strategy.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.267-274
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• 2020

The dissipation characteristics and kinetics of fungicide mandipropamid and insecticide thiamethoxam in lettuce under greenhouse conditions were investigated at three different lettuce-growing fields for estimating the pre-harvest residue limits (PHRLs). The analytical methods were fully validated for the quantitation of pesticide residues using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photo Diode Array detector or Ultraviolet-Visible Detector and applied to real samples. The lettuces suitable for shipment were harvested during 10 days including pre-harvest interval after treatment at the recommended dose by safe-use guidelines. The initial mean residues in different fields were 6.68-17.87 and 4.96-8.31 mg/kg for mandipropamid and thiamethoxam, respectively, which decreased to 16-54 and 14-44% in 10 days. The clothianidin, a metabolite of thiamethoxam, was detected in <0.02 to 0.37 mg/kg. The dissipation of both pesticides followed first-order kinetics over a period of 10 days after application. Based on the residue data, the mean dissipation rate constant (λ) and biological half-lives (T_1/2) were estimated to be -0.1060 and 6.5 days of mandipropamid and -0.1236 and 5.6 days of thiamethoxam. The PHRLs for lettuce on the 10th and 5th day before harvesting were calculated to be 63.24 and 43.56 mg/kg for mandipropamid, and 44.66 and 25.88 mg/kg for thiamethoxam, with -0.0746 and -0.1091 of the upper 95% confidence intervals of dissipation rate constant, respectively. This work would be useful as guidance for adjusting the shipment date and contribute to stabilizing the income of farmers in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2000

The bioequivalence of two clarithromycin tablets, the $Klaricid^{TM}$ (Ciba-Geigy Korea Ltd.) and the $Pylocin^{TM}$ (Kyungdong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), was evaluated according to the Korean Guidelines for Bioequivalence Test (KGBT 1998). Sixteen healthy male volunteers ($20\sim26$ years old) were randomly divided into two groups and a randomized $2\times2$ cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 250 mg of clarithromycin was orally administered, blood sample was taken at predetermined time intervals, and the concentrations of clarithromycin in serum were determined using high-performance liquid chromatographic method with electrochemical detector. The pharmaco-kinetic parameters (area under the concentration-time curve: $AUC_t$, maximum concentration; $C_{max}$ and time to maximum concentration; $T_{max}$) were calculated and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized for the statistical analysis of parameters. The results showed that the differences in $AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ between two tablets based on $Klaricid^{TM}$ tablet were $-0.22\%,\;-0.48\%\;and\;-1.63\%$, respectively. The powers $(1-\beta)\;for\;AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}\;were\;99.07\%,\;88.15\%\;and\;99.99\%$, respectively. Detectable differences $(\Delta)\;and\;90\%$ confidence intervals ($\alpha$=0.10) were all less than $\pm20\%$ All the parameters above met the criteria of KGBT 1998, indicating that $Pylocin^{TM}$ tablet is bioequivalent to $Klaricid^{TM}$ tablet.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.82-90
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine early childhood teachers' importance and performance of technology leadership. A survey was conducted on 205 early childhood teachers. Borich's needs model was used to calculate their needs. In the area of director leadership and vision, the early childhood teachers felt the most need for opportunities to participate in conferences or training programs related to the educational utilization of technology. In the area of teaching-learning methods, they called the most for better ways to take advantage of technology considering the characteristics of the activity areas and activity types. In the area of teaching professionalism, the items they asked for the most were building confidence over the educational utilization of technology and case studies of superior teaching and learning. In the area of institutional support, they felt the most need for assistant human resources who could assist in solving possible problems using technology. In the area of evaluation, they called the most for the development of a variety of evaluation tools and methods. Finally, the item they called for the most in the area of social, ethical, and legal support from the institutions to which they belonged was the preparation of guidelines on how to be in good health in times of using technology.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2023

Purpose: In patients with glufosinate poisoning, severe neurological symptoms may be closely related to a poor prognosis, but their appearance may be delayed. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score could predict the neurological prognosis in patients with glufosinate poisoning who present to the emergency room with alert mental status. Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively through a chart review for patients over 18 years who presented to a single emergency medical center from January 2018 to December 2022 due to glufosinate poisoning. Patients were divided into groups with a good neurological prognosis (Cerebral Performance Category [CPC] Scale 1 or 2) and a poor prognosis (CPC Scale 3, 4, or 5) to identify whether any variables showed significant differences between the two groups. Results: There were 66 patients (67.3%) with good neurological prognoses and 32 (32.8%) with poor prognoses. In the multivariate logistic analysis, the APACHE II score, serum amylase, and co-ingestion of alcohol showed significant results, with odds ratios of 1.387 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.027-1.844), 1.017 (95% CI, 1.002-1.032), and 0.196 (95% CI, 0.040-0.948), respectively. With an APACHE II score cutoff of 6.5, the AUC was 0.826 (95% CI, 0.746-0.912). The cutoff of serum amylase was 75.5 U/L, with an AUC was 0.761 (95% CI, 0.652-0.844), and the AUC of no co-ingestion with alcohol was 0.629 (95% CI, 0.527-0.722). Conclusion: The APACHE II score could be a useful indicator for predicting the neurological prognosis of patients with glufosinate poisoning who have alert mental status.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.229-236
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• 1998

In order to establish a testing system for personnel dosimetry performance, the radiation fields from photons, beta particles and neutrons are required, in recent, Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety(KINS) established the reference radation fields except neutrons and tested a variety of their properties. As a result of the test, the reference beams were shown to meet satisfactorily not only the standards of the International Organization for Standardization(ISO), but also the standard levels of the developed countries which are intercomparable with the international traceability. This paper describes the reference beam of gamma radiation. The self-designed and established reference radiation fields were investigated and analyzed by ISO and other international standards. The secondary photon contribution and the beam uniformity of the gamma radiation field were measured and evaluated to fulfill those requirements suggested by the ISO-4037. The measured air kerma rate for the $^{137}$Cs and $^{60}$Co gamma fields was 0.1891 $\sim$ 23.4967 $\mu$Gy/s sand 0.5844 $\sim$ 15.9954 $\mu$Gy/s respectively. The uncertainty with 95 % confidence level of the measured air kerma rate was determined to be less than 2.5 % which is comparable to the international reference gamma radiation fields. It was found that the evaluated air kerma calibration factors of Exradin ionization chamber were in good agreement within 0.9 % and 0.03 % with those given by PTB and NIST, respectively. The gamma radiation fields installed at KINS can maintain traceability systems in Korea, Germany and United State.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2005

A bioequivalence study of CKD $Cefaclor^{(R)}$ capsule (Chong Kun Dang Pharm Co., Ltd) to $Ceclor^{(R)}$ capsule (Lilly Korea Co., Ltd.) was conducted according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Twenty four healthy male Korean volunteers received each medicine at the cefaclor dose of 250 mg in a $2{\times}2$ crossover study. There was a one-week washout period between the doses. An improved high-performance liquid chromatorgraphy (HPLC) analytical method with UV detection was used to determine plasma cefaclor concentration in human volunteers for 8 hr after oral drug administration. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 8 hr ($AUC_{0-8hr}$) was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule. the $C_{max}$ (maximum plasma drug concentration) and $T_{max}$ (time to reach $C_{max}$) were compiled from the plasma concentration-time data. Analysis of variance was carried out using logarithmically transformed $AUC_{0-8hr}\;and\;C_{max}$. No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters indicating that the cross-over design was properly performed. The $90{\%}$ confidence intervals of the $AUC_{0-8hr}$ ratio and the $C_{max}$ ratio for CKD $Cefaclor^{(R)}$ and $Ceclor^{(R)}$ were $0.9400{\leq}{\delta}{\leq}1.0345$ and $0.8858{\leq}{\delta}{\leq}1.1021$, respectively. These values were within the acceptable bioequivalence intervals of 0.80-1.25. Thus, our study demonstrated the of CKD $cefaclor^{(R)}$ capsule was bioequivalent to $Cefaclor^{(R)}$ capsule with respect to its bioavailability.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.63-80
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• 2002

Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the job characteristics of container terminal workers by applying the Job Strain model, and to assess the relationship among the general characteristics, job characteristics and psychosocial distress. Methods: A self-administrated questionnaire survey was performed to the container terminal workers in Pusan. Among the 200 male workers who answered the questionnaires, white-collar workers and blue-collar workers were 100, respectively. Karaseks Job Content Questionnaire was utilized to evaluate the job characteristics and Psychosocial well-being index (PWI) was applied to measure the extent of their psychosocial stress. Results: In white-collar workers, the skill discretion, created skill, decision-making authority, decision-making latitude, psychological job demand, and supervisor support of the job characteristics were significantly high, while in blue-collar workers physical exertion was significantly high. The result of Psychosocial well-being index (PWI) reveals that blue-collar workers were more stressed than white-collar workers, especially, the indices of depression (factor 2), sleeping disturbance and anxiety (factor 3), General well-being and vitality (factor 4) were significantly increased; whereas, in white-collar workers, only the index of social performance and self-confidence (factor 1) was significantly increased. And PWI scores were significantly increased in the lower social support and psychological job demand. By the multiple logistic regression analysis for PWI, blue-collar workers had increased odds ratio of 2.66(95% CI;1.11-6.41) compared with white-collar workers. The unmarried workers increased odds ratio of 3.54(95% CI;1.18-10.62) compared with married workers. And workers who have not own house increased odds ratio of 2.35(95% CI;1.15-4.79) compared with workers who have own house. Particularly, odds ratio of work-shift in blue-collar workers was 11.10(2.14-57.64). Conclusion: Skill discretion, created skill, decision-making authority, decision-making latitude, psychological job demand, and supervisor support were increased in white-collar workers. Decreased skill discretion and increased physical exertion were found in blue-collar workers, which is supported the Job Strain model. Job stress of blue-collar workers was comparatively higher than that of white-collar workers, especially, skill discretion, decision-making authority, decision-making latitude, job insecurity, physical exertion were noticeable factors. Especially, sleeping, smoking, and work shifting turned out to be a main cause that increases stress. Therefore, in order to decrease the job stress, a health promotion program to change the health behaviors should be activated and an organized job stress management program should be introduced. Especially, working condition for blue-collar such as physical exertion and work-shift should be improved.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.511-524
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• 2017

This study aims to evaluate the availability of ABM (Active-Based Model), FEATHERS, as a policy evaluation tool. To achieve the goal, scenario analysis on flexible working policy was conducted to measure its impact on activity-travel behavior. As a consequence, there seems no significant change in worker's daily life, other than mitigating traffic congestion due to decreasing commuting travel in the rush hour. The result of VKT (vehicle kilometers traveled) shows an opposite pattern according to given household/individual constraints. The scenario analysis on telecommuting indicates a decreasing trend in both travel frequency and distance because of the diminished number of commuting trips. As the activity space of telecommuters is shifted to a residential area, there are more short-distance trips by using non-motorized transport, which leads to decrease in VKT (using a private vehicle). Thus, the sensitivity of VKT by population groups varies due to transport mode shift (between personal and another mode) and growing non-work trips (using a private mode). This study found few things. First, it is necessary to evaluate the details of policy impact by population groups since it can be varied depending on household/individual characteristics. Second, the case study shows a promising performance of ABM as policy measurement that provides reality in policy evaluation. Third, ABM allows us to do more accurate analysis (i.e. time-series analysis by population groups) of policy assessment than those of FSM (Four-Step Model). Lastly, a further effort in data collection, literature review, and expert survey should be made to enhance the accuracy and confidence of future research.