• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.289-295
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• 2014

목 적 : 영상유도방사선치료 시 사용하는 콘빔 CT는 치료자세 오차를 확인하는 중요한 수단이지만 피폭선량을 증가 시키는 단점이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 콘빔 CT의 시행주기를 격일로 하는 시나리오를 만들어 유용성을 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 콘빔 CT를 이용하여 세기변조방사선치료를 받은 전립선암 환자 9명을 대상으로 실제 치료 시 매일 콘빔 CT로 치료자세 오차를 분석하여 보정한 값을 바탕으로 격일로 콘빔 CT를 시행하는 시나리오를 만들었다. 시나리오에서 콘빔 CT를 시행하지 않은 날의 치료자세 오차 값을 실제 치료 시의 치료중심점에서 이동하여 치료계획시스템(Pinnacle 9.2, Philips, USA)에 적용한 후 실제 치료와 동일한 조건으로 재 치료계획을 수립하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 PTV(Planning Target Volume)와 정상장기의 선량분포를 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 : 매일 콘빔 CT를 시행하였을 때의 치료자세 오차 값을 기준으로 격일로 콘빔 CT를 시행하는 시나리오에서는 X, Y, Z축으로 각각 $0.2{\pm}0.73mm$, $0.1{\pm}0.58mm$, $-1.3{\pm}1.17mm$ 차이가 나타났다. 이를 치료계획에 적용하여 재 치료계획을 수립하여 선량분포를 평가한 결과는 매일 콘빔 CT를 시행한 결과와 비교하여 PTV의 Dmean : -0.17 Gy, $D_{99%}$ : -0.71 Gy, 차이가 나타났다. 정상 장기는 직장 벽의 $V_{66}$ : 1.55%, 방광의 $V_{66}$ : -0.76% 차이가 나타났다. 결 론 : 격일로 콘빔 CT를 시행하였을 경우 콘빔 CT에 의한 피폭선량을 감소시키고 촬영으로 인한 추가적인 치료시간을 줄여 줄 수 있다. 또한 PTV, 정상장기의 선량분포의 차이가 크지 않으므로 환자의 상태의 따라 격일 콘빔 CT의 적용을 고려할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2007

The role of radiographic imaging in determining the size, numbers and the position of implants is very important. To perform the implant procedure, the dentist needs to evaluate the bone pathology and bone density, and to know the precise height, width, and contour of the alveolar process, as well as its relationship to the maxillary sinus and mandibular canal. The author analyzed 3 implant cases for treatment planning with the cone beam CT. All axial, panoramic, serial and buccolingual-sectioned images of 3 cases with stent including vertical marker were taken by using Mercuray (Hitachi, Japan). When the curved line drawn intentionally did not include dot image of a vertical marker on the axial image of CBCT, the image of the vertical marker was deformed on its buccolingually sectioned image. There was wide discrepancy in inclination between the alveolar bone and tooth on buccolingually sectioned image.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.442-452
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• 2022

이 연구의 목적은 파노라마 방사선사진에서 분석한 매복 상악 견치의 위치와 각도를 CBCT 영상에서 분석한 매복된 견치의 순구개측 위치, 인접 치아의 치근흡수와 비교 및 평가하는 것이다. 총 54명의 환자, 69개의 매복 상악 견치가 연구에 포함되었다. 파노라마 방사선사진에서 매복 상악 견치의 근원심 위치(구역 I - V)와 각도, 수직적 위치가 평가되었다. 순구개측 위치와 인접 치아의 치근흡수는 CBCT 상에서 평가되었다. 파노라마 방사선사진의 근원심 위치 분석에서 순측 매복은 구역 I에서 가장 많았다. 치열궁 내 매복은 구역 I과 II에서 가장 많았다. 구개측 매복은 구역 III, IV, V에서 가장 많았다. 파노라마 방사선사진에서 근심에 위치할수록 구개측에 매복되는 경향이 있었다. 인접 치아 치근흡수의 대부분은 구역 III, IV, V에서 발생했다. 수평 기준선에 대해 작은 각도를 가진 매복 견치는 구개측에 매복되고 인접 치아의 치근흡수를 일으키는 경향이 있었다. 파노라마 방사선사진에서 매복 상악 견치의 근원심 위치와 각도에 대한 분석은 매복 견치의 순구개측 위치와 인접 치아 치근흡수의 예측 가능성을 보여주었으며, 이는 CBCT 촬영에 대한 의사결정에 유용할 수 있다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the magnitude of artifacts produced by gutta-percha and metal posts on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans obtained with different tube currents and with or without metal artifact reduction (MAR). Materials and Methods: A tooth was inserted in a dry human mandible socket, and CBCT scans were acquired after root canal instrumentation, root canal filling, and metal post placement with various tube currents with and without MAR activation. The artifact magnitude was assessed by the standard deviation (SD) of gray values and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) at the various distances from the tooth. Data were compared using multi-way analysis of variance. Results: At all distances, a current of 4 mA was associated with a higher SD and a lower CNR than 8 mA or 10 mA (P<0.05). For the metal posts without MAR, the artifact magnitude as assessed by SD was greatest at 1.5 cm or less (P<0.05). When MAR was applied, SD values for distances 1.5 cm or closer to the tooth were reduced (P<0.05). MAR usage did not influence the magnitude of artifacts in the control and gutta-percha groups(P>0.05). Conclusion: Increasing the tube current from 4 mA to 8 mA may reduce the magnitude of artifacts from metal posts. The magnitude of artifacts arising from metal posts was significantly higher at distances of 1.5 cm or less than at greater distances. MAR usage improved image quality near the metal post, but had no significant influence farther than 1.5 cm from the tooth.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to quantify the influence of tooth position within the field-of-view (FOV) on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging artifacts' intensity when assessing teeth restored with various intracanal materials. Materials and Methods: Seventy single-rooted teeth were divided into 7 groups (10 teeth per group): NiCr post (NC), AgPd post (AP), metal core fiberglass post (MCFG), fiberglass post (FG), anatomical fiberglass post (AFG), fiberglass post cemented with core build-up cement (FGCo), and anatomical fiberglass post cemented with core build-up cement (AFGCo). All posts were cemented using a regular dual-curing resin cement (Allcem), except FGCo and AFGCo which were cemented with a core build-up dual-curing resin cement (AllcemCore). Each tooth was scanned on a CS9000 in 5 positions within the FOV: a central position, anterior horizontal peripheral, peripheral superior, peripheral inferior, and posterior horizontal peripheral position. Hyperdense, hypodense, remaining teeth areas and ROI areas were quantitatively analyzed using ImageJ software. Results: Posterior horizontal peripheral position increased the intensity of artifacts on FGCo and AFGCo post groups (P<0.05), and specifically the hypodense artifact intensity on FG and AFG post groups (P<0.05). NC and AP groups presented greater intensity of artifacts than any other post groups(P<0.05). Conclusion: Artifact intensity increases in the presence of high atomic number materials and when the object is not centered within the FOV. The impact of positioning within the FOV on artifact was greater for fiberglass posts cemented with core build-up dual-curing cement than for metal posts and fiberglass posts cemented with regular dual-curing cement.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2019

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of concha bullosa (CB) and nasal septal deviation (NSD) and their impact on maxillary sinus volume (MSV). Materials and Methods: Cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images of 106 Emirati people were used in this study. The direction and angle of septal deviation were calculated. The presence of CB, which could be unilateral, contralateral, or bilateral in relation to the direction of NSD, was also recorded. MSV was measured using reconstructed Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine images on Dolphin 3D imaging software version 11.8 premium (Dolphin Imaging, Chatsworth, CA, USA). P values<0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: CB was detected in 37.7% of the sample; 20.7% of the sample showed single unilateral CB and 16.6% had single bilateral CB. NSD was seen in 74.5% of the sample. In the participants with CB, 45.5% showed mild deviation, 34.4% showed moderate deviation, and only 12.5% showed severe septal deviation. CB, but not NSD, was associated with significantly higher MSV on the affected side (P=0.001). Conclusion: Although NSD was observed in more than two-thirds of the sample and CB was present in more than one-third of the sample, only CB had a significant impact on MSV.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.365-373
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• 2022

Purpose: This study investigated whether the relationship between the maxillary sinus and the root of the maxillary premolar is correlated with the root position and whether there is a difference in the long axis angle of premolars and the buccal bone thickness according to the sinus-root relationship and root position. Materials and Methods: Cone-beam computed tomographic images of 587 maxillary first premolars and 580 second premolars from 303 patients were retrospectively reviewed. The maxillary sinus floor-root relationship was classified into 4 types, and the root position in the alveolar bone was evaluated as buccal, middle, or palatal. The long axis angle of the maxillary premolars in the alveolar bone and the buccal bone thickness were measured. The correlation between these parameters was analyzed. Results: The maxillary sinus floor-root relationship showed a statistically significant correlation with the root position in the alveolar bone. Most maxillary first premolars were buccally located, and more than half of the second premolars had their roots in the middle. The long axis angle of the premolars was significantly larger in buccal-positioned teeth than in middle-positioned teeth, and the buccal bone was thinner. Conclusion: When the root of the maxillary premolar was separated from the sinus floor, the premolar was often located on the buccal side. Most of the maxillary first premolars had a thinner buccal bone and larger inclination than the second premolars. It is recommended to evaluate the root position, sagittal angle and buccal bone thickness using CBCT for implant treatment planning.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to measure the absorbed dose and calculate the effective dose for cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and panorama units and to estimate usefulness of x-ray protective. Rando phantom and glass dosimeters were used for dosimetry. The absorbed doses were measured at 15 organs and 14 remainder from correspond to ICRP 2007 recommendations. The absorbed dose was highest in salivary glands as measured CBCT 2.420mGy, panorama 0.307mGy. Absorbed dose in another organs were high in order of thyroid, brain, skin, esophagus. The effective dose was CBCT 0.100mSv, panorama 0.011mSv and effective dose of panorama was higher than that of CBCT by 10 times. In case of wearing x-ray protective, reducing effective dose of CBCT by 0.066mSv (66%) and panorama by 0.008mSv (72%). Effective dose were reduced by radiological shielding but it needs further optimization studies, where dosimetric data are analyzed in combination with image quality with keep the patients' exposure as low as possible.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.346-351
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the angular differences between the horizontal reference planes on the CBCT generated PA cephalogram and the modified interpupillary plane, which was usually used in the clinical examination, and to evaluate the validity of the horizontal reference planes. Methods: The CBCT generated PA cephalogram was used to measure the angles between the FH, Lo and IP planes. The subjects consisted of 42 patients with facial asymmetry (males: 21, females: 21, mean-age: 21.6 years). The control groups were also assessed (males: 10, females: 10, mean-age: 23.8 years). The distance of the interpupil was measured on the soft-tissue volume rendered image. The angular differences were statistically analyzed using the $Mann-Whitney$ $U$ $test$ for inter-group comparisons and the $Friedman$ $test$ for intra-group comparisions. Results: The angle between the FH plane and IP plane (the angle of the FH-IP line) showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups ($p$ <0.05). There was no statistical differences between each angle (angle of the FH-IP line, angle of the FH-Lo line, angle of the Lo-IP line) on the intra-group comparision ($p$ >0.05). Conclusion: The angle between the Lo line and IP line (angle of the Lo-IP line) showed no statistically significant difference in both the control and asymmetry groups. Therefore, the Lo line could be used as a horizontal reference plane in CBCT generated PA cephalograms.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2014

Purpose: To determine the conversion coefficients (CCs) from the dose-area product (DAP) value to effective dose in cone-beam CT. Materials and Methods: A CBCT scanner with four fields of view (FOV) was used. Using two exposure settings of the adult standard and low dose exposure, DAP values were measured with a DAP meter in C mode ($200mm{\times}179mm$), P mode ($154mm{\times}154mm$), I mode ($102mm{\times}102mm$), and D mode ($51mm{\times}51mm$). The effective doses were also investigated at each mode using an adult male head and neck phantom and thermoluminescent chips. Linear regressive analysis of the DAP and effective dose values was used to calculate the CCs for each CBCT examination. Results: For the C mode, the P mode at the maxilla, and the P mode at the mandible, the CCs were 0.049 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$, 0.067 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$, and 0.064 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$, respectively. For the I mode, the CCs at the maxilla and mandible were 0.076 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$ and 0.095 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$, respectively. For the D mode at the maxillary incisors, molars, and mandibular molars, the CCs were 0.038 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$, 0.041 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$, and 0.146 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$, respectively. Conclusion: The CCs in one CBCT device with fixed 80 kV ranged from 0.038 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$ to 0.146 ${\mu}Sv/mGycm^2$ according to the imaging modes and irradiated region and were highest for the D mode at the mandibular molar.