• 태양에너지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2000

Heat losses from receivers for a dish-type solar energy collecting system are numerically investigated. The analytical method for predicting conductive heat loss from a cavity receiver is used. The Stine and McDonald Model is used to estimate convective heat loss. Two kinds of techniques for the radiation analysis are used. The Net Radiation Method that is based on the radiation heat balance on the surface is used to calculate the radiation heat transfer rate from the inside surface of the cavity receiver to the environment. The Monte-Carlo Method that is the statistical approach is adopted to predict the radiation heat transfer rate from the reflector to the receiver. Based on the heat loss analysis, the performance of two different receivers for multifaceted parabolic solar collectors with several flat facets can be estimated, and the optimal facet size is obtained.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.76-82
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• 2002

In these days, many advanced nations have enforced import restrictions against things emitting electromagnetic wave which has report that it is so harmful. In general, electromagnetic wave is composed of electric wave and magnetic wave. The reflection of electromagnetic wave is mainly reflected by conductive materials and the magnetism loss is generated by magnetic ferrite. The magnetism loss of ferrite is separated by eddy current loss, residual magnetism loss and hysteresis loss. Thermal sprayed coating is intended to manufacture because of simple processes and high efficient electromagnetic wave shielding. The high efficient thermal sprayed coatings were made from the magnetic ferrite materials that characterizes absorption of electromagnetic wave, and the electric conductive materials that characterize emitting of electromagnetic wave. This study was manufactured thermal sprayed coatings to improve absorption-efficiency, and measured the electromagnetic wave shielding efficiency. As the experimental results, high electromagnetic wave shield efficiency was obtained at wave frequency 2GHz to thermal sprayed ferrite coatings manufactured by size distribution range of spray powders, $38~88\mu\textrm{m}$.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2013

In this study, the thermal conductive characteristics and basic properties of the nine commercial products of bentonite grouts were studied. Six of the nine products for ground heat exchanger systems are imported and others for civil engineering are domestic. The thermal conductivities of all bentonite products are nearly similar among products. The free swell indexes, viscosities and filter losses of the ground heat exchanger grouts are lower than those of the civil engineering ones. These characteristics seem to increase of the fluidity to fill the bentonite slurry to bore-hall perfectly, rather than to prevent underground water penetration. Thus, the mixtures of bentonites and sands are recommended for high thermal conduction grouts.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

Emission characteristics of NOx and CO with heat loss under high efficiency combustion conditions of $CH_4$/Air prmixed flame were examined numerically using detailed-kinetic chemistry. The one-dimensional combustor length was fixed 5cm, and the equivalence ratio was varied from 0.75 to 0.95. To consider the effects of heat loss on NOx and CO formation, the radiative heat loss rate and combined heat loss rate of conductive and convective heat transfer are included. The following conclusions were drawn. In order to reduce the NOx and CO emission level simultaneously, the temperature of product gases must be reduced under 1,800K as soon as possible but kept over 1,300K during the residence time which is needed to converge CO to $CO_2$.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.697-704
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• 2004

Bifurcation behavior of ignition and extinction of catalytic reaction is theoretically investigated in a stagnation-point flow. Considering that reaction takes place only on the catalytic surface, where conductive heat losses are allowed to occur, activation energy asymptotics with a overall one-step Arrhenius-type catalytic reaction is employed. For the cases with and without the limiting reactant consumption, the analysis provides explicit expressions, which indicate the possibility of multiple steady-state solution branches. The difference between the solutions with and without reactant consumption is in the existence of an upper solution branch, and the neglect of reactant consumption is inappropriate for determining extinction conditions. For larger values of reactant consumption, the solution response is all monotone, suggesting that multiple solutions are not possible. It is shown that bifurcation Damkohler numbers increase (decrease) with increasing of conductive heat loss (gain) on the catalytic surface, which means that smaller (larger) values of the strain rate allow the surface reaction to tolerate larger heat losses (gains). Lewis number of the limiting reactant can also significantly affect bifurcation behavior in a similar way to the effect of heat loss.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.309-319
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• 2011

질소 희석된 프로판 부상화염에서 열손실에 의한 자기진동을 기초로 화염안정화선도를 도출하기 위하여 노즐직경 0.3 mm, 1.0 mm에서 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 예혼합화염에서 확산화염으로의 전도 열손실에 의한 자기진동 및 매연 복사에 의한 자기진동을 관찰하였다. 0.1 Hz보다 낮은 주파수 성향을 띄는 열손실에 의한 자기진동은 제안된 메커니즘에 의해 잘 묘사되었고 반면 매연복사에 의한 자기진동은 O(0.1 Hz)의 주파수 범위를 나타내었으며 제안된 메커니즘은 항온항습실 실험을 통해 입증하였다. 질소 희석된 프로판 부상화염에서 관찰된 열손실에 의한 자기진동의 특성화는 관련된 변수 및 스트라훌 수에 의해 잘 묘사되었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.905-912
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• 2006

Experiments in low strain rate methane-air counterflow diffusion flames diluted with $CO_2$ have been conducted to investigate the flame extinction behavior and edge flame oscillation in which flame length is less than the burner diameter and thus lateral conductive heat loss in addition to radiative loss could be remarkable at low global strain rates. The critical mole fraction at flame extinction is examined in terms of velocity ratio and global strain rate. It is seen that flame length is closely relevant to lateral heat loss, and this sheets flame extinction and edge flame oscillation considerably. Lateral heat loss causes flame oscillation even at fuel Lewis number less than unity. Edge flame oscillations are categorized into three: a growing-, a harmonic- and a decaying-oscillation mode. Onset conditions of the edge flame oscillation and the relevant modes are examined with global strain rate and $CO_2$ mole fraction in fuel stream. A flame stability map based on the flame oscillation modes is also provided at low strain rate flames.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.1153-1161
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• 1997

The insulation provided by clothing system is usually expressed in terms of a coo units and its distribution of the body, directly affect convective, conductive, and radiant heat loss from the skin to the environment Evaporated heat loss is dependent upon fabric permeability, the amount of body surface area covered by clothing, and the pumping of air between the body and garment layers. Persons at low to medium activity levels, dressed in conventional apparel in door environments, usually do not lose a large amount of heat through evaporation. Thermal manikin technology is used to measure the resistance to heat transfer provided by clothing systems. The reciprocal of this value, 6.45 W/m2.$^{\circ}C$ is often used in calculations for convenience. The purpose of this study was to implement a research program for calculation the insulation value (clo), body surface area and basal metabolic rate of selected clothing system. The project provided for the building of an insulation data base for use in evaluating and comparing new and improved garments.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2012

대향류확산화염의 화염소화에 있어서 에지화염 역할에 관한 실험적 연구가 진행되었다. 속도비, 버너직경, 그리고 버너간격을 변화시키며 수행된 실험에서 전체신장률에 따른 화염소화 임계질소몰분율의 그래프는 c-커브 형태로 나타났다. 고신장률화염에서는 화염소화 임계질소몰분율의 그래프가 하나의 곡선으로 일치하였으며, 화염이 일차원의 응답특성을 갖는 것을 확인하였다. 화염 소화는 바깥 에지화염이 반경방향으로의 진동 후에 화염 중심으로 수축하며 소화하는 영역, 진동 없이 화염중심으로 수축하며 소화하는 영역, 그리고 바깥 에지부분의 수축과 진동 없이 화염중심에 화염 구멍이 생기며 소화하는 영역으로 세 가지 모드로 나타났다. 화염 표면온도 측정과 에너지 방정식의 각항을 수치해석 한 결과를 토대로 에지화염부분에서의 반경방향 전도 열손실이 에지화염의 불안정을 야기한다는 것과 전도를 통한 열 공급뿐만 아니라 대류를 통한 열 공급도 바깥 에지화염의 안정화에 기여한다는 것을 보였다. 그리고 반경방향의 전도열손실이 수축하며 소화하는 메커니즘의 지배적인 역할을 함을 보였다.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

Strict pollutant regulations of NOx emission and increasing awareness of the environmental damage stimulated interest in research to obtain useful information regarding CO and NOx reductions at the same time. In this study, $CH_4$/air premixed flame was examined numerically to reduce CO and NOx emission level simultaneously in the post-flame region by the heat loss models in which radiative and combined conductive and convective heat losses were included. To reduce the NOx emission, first heat exchanger location was decided near the flame. After first heat exchanger was decided for the optimal NOx emission(about 30 ppm), in order to decide the optimal CO emission(about 30ppm), seocond heat exchanger location was tested and decided for several cases. Finally, the optimal location of heat exchanger for minimal CO and NOx emission simultaneously were determined and suggested.