• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.186-195
• /
• 2018

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the dietary behaviors and stress-related factors among male and female college students. Methods: A total of 405 college students (male-195, female-210) were recruited, of whom a questionnaire-based survey was conducted. The study investigated the general characteristics, health-related factors, dietary behaviors, and stress-related factors of the respondents. Results: The body mass index was significantly higher in males. The rates of underweight and overweight were significantly different between male and female respondents. The scores for workout frequency, health concerns and health condition were significantly higher in males, while the score for watching TV & playing computer games was significantly higher in females. The scores for meal regularity, frequency of breakfast consumption, and smoking were significantly higher in males. Eating problems showed a significant difference between males and females. The biggest source of stress was social factors, followed by college study and individual factors and the most experienced stress-induced symptom was anxiety, followed by headache and stomachache. The most popular way to overcome stress was taking a rest, followed by drinking & smoking and outdoor activity. The most preferred food under stressful conditions were alcohol or beverages, followed by hot & spicy food and sweet food, which showed a significant difference between males and females. Conclusion: These results indicate that stress affects dietary behaviors, drinking, smoking, and health status. Stress not only changes dietary behaviors, but is also related to health status. Therefore, it is necessary to develop appropriate programs for emotional stability and stress relief targeting college students which provide continuous nutrition education focused on desirable dietary behaviors and nutritional aspects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.67-75
• /
• 1990

The pyrolytlc behavior of cocoa powder, a flavorant of tobacco smoking products, was examined by determining its pyrolyzate constituents. Cocoa powder was pyrolyzed of two cigarette smoking conditions'distillation-pyrolysis zone(35$0^{\circ}C$, 55$0^{\circ}C$) and high temperature zone($650^{\circ}C$, 85$0^{\circ}C$). Pyrolyzate was flushed from the tube by NB gas into CS2 trap in dry ice-acetone cooled bath and charcoal tube and its constituents were analyzed by GC/MS. As results, the major components of pyrolyzates were identified as hydrocarbon and phenolic compounds. In addition to these, aldehyde, ketone, pyrazin in very small amount. Component changes were observed with temperature increase; decane, styrene, tridecane, m-cresol,4-ethylphenol were increased while hexadecane, tetradecane were decreased. o-cresol and 2-ethylphenol were constant in amounts despite temperature change.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.245-257
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the present condition of drug abuse and its association with depression, self-rated health and health behaviors by job status in Korean adults. Methods: Data were derived from the study on four addiction problem and suicide in 2014. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze patterns of drug abuse according to depression, self-rated health and health behaviors. Results: The prevalence of drug abuse during the past year was 17.1% of the 4,018 subjects. About 3.3 times risk for drug abuse was found among individuals who had high depression scores. The risk of drug abuse was higher among those who were smoking (OR:1.46, 95% CI:1.17~1.83), drinking more frequently (OR:1.30, 95% CI:1.07~1.58), sleeping insufficiently (OR:1.31, 95% CI:1.03~1.67), eating irregularly (OR:1.45, 95% CI:1.19~1.76). Drug abuse problem was detected more seriously among employed than unemployed adults. Conclusion: Health-related behaviors, such as smoking, drinking, sleeping, eating should be considered simultaneously when designing strategies to deal with drug abuse problem, and it is important to understand the interaction between drug abuse and mental health. Furthermore, workplace based intervention can be effective in solving drug abuse problem.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.29-38
• /
• 2010

Objectives: This study purports to comparatively study health condition, health behaviors, and health care utilization of Koreans living in Korea and in the US, and then, to analyze the factors influencing them. Methods: The collected data were analyzed on the basis of the 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Of 25,196 adults aged 19 or older, 7,802 respondents to health behavior survey and 5,526 respondents to physical examination survey. The analyzed data of the Korean Americans were the results of the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) conducted by the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research in 2005. This study analyzed the responses of 645 known Korean respondents to the 2005 CHIS. Results: In regard to differences in overall health condition between the two groups, it was found that both the male and female Korean Americans thought their own overall health conditions were relatively poor compared to Koreans, especially in relation to diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. For smoking status considered as one of health behavior factors, smokers of the Koreans account for 46.1% which is higher than that of the Korean Americans and the proportion of the Koreans smoking daily is also at least two times higher than that of the Korean Americans. Similarly, for alcohol drinking, the Koreans showed higher drinking experience rate and no less than three times higher drinking frequency than that of Korean Americans. Conclusion: It is expected that this study will contribute greatly to solving health problems among foreign immigrants and overseas Koreans in future by clarifying any differences in health status and health behaviors resulting from sociocultural differences despite of similar genetic factors.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.31-40
• /
• 2014

Papermaking tobacco sheet is an important reclaimed process for cigarette making. Traditionally, the pressure driven membrane was often used to isolate the effective compounds from the tobacco sheet extract. However, this method is difficult to remove small ionic compounds. Besides, membrane fouling is a major problem for effective use of these pressure driven membrane technologies. In this study, the electrodialysis process is used to removal the chloride ions and nitrate ions, thus the smoking quality of papermaking tobacco sheet extract can get improved. Three types of electrolytes ($Na_2SO_4$, NaCl and HCl) are chosen to prevent the generation of precipitation. The results indicate that 0.1mol/L HCl at current density of $30mA/cm^2$ is the optimal condition for the electrodialysis process. The removal rates of the Cland $NO{_3}^-$ in tobacco sheet extract are 97% and 98.4%, respectively. The electrodialysis process cost was estimated to be 0.11$/L. Naturally, electrodialysis is not only technological feasible, environmental-friendly and economical-attractive for tobacco extract treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
• /
• v.26 no.2 s.52
• /
• pp.141-151
• /
• 2004

This study was conducted to evaluate the characterization of the pyrolysis products of tobacco constituents such as cellulose, lignin and tobacco additives. The pyrolysis condition was designed to simulate the pyrolysis/distillation zone$(200\~600^{\circ}C)$ and combustion zone$(700\~950^{\circ}C)$of burning com in the smoking cigarette. The pyrolysis products were determined by GC/MS after pyrolysis using Double-Shot pyrolyzer. In the case of cellulose and lignin, the number of pyrolysis product in the condition that simulate the pyrolysis/distillation zone was much more than the combustion zone simulating one. The major products of cellulose were levoglucosan, furfural, and 1, 6-anhydro-$\beta$-D-glucofuranose and that of lignin were phenol, 2-methoxy phenol, and 1, 2-dimethoxy benzene. In the case of tobacco additives such as 2, 6-dimethyl pyrazine, maltol, and piperonal, the pyrolysis products of these additives were evaporated from the pyrolyszer at least $96\%$ intactly. These results indicate that tobacco constituents such as cellulose and lignin were thermally degraded at the pyrolysis/distillation zone and thoroughly broke down at the combustion zone, but tobacco additives were intactly evaporated from burning com of smoking cigarette.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.587-596
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine health consciousness and eating habits of workers at Deluxe hotels in Seoul and Gyonggi-do. To determine health levels, this study focused on quality of sleep, current state of health, smoking, drinking, regular exercise, dietary behavior patterns, dietary habits, and food intake patterns. Out of 228 subjects, 145 (63.6%) were males and 83 (36.4%) were females. Majority of workers (86.9%) graduated from university. A majority (57.0%) worked more than 10 years. Average health condition was 'little tired', whereas 18.4% of subjects were 'always tired'. Male percentages for smoking and drinking were higher than those for females. A total of 44.3% of workers ate twice a day. Regular physical activity was high, but regular exercise rate was slightly low. Male average eating speed was faster than that of females and had lower scores for desirable eating habits. Shift workers ate night meals more than non- shift workers. This study shows that workers at Deluxe hotels need to take better care of their health.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2023

Objectives: To study symptom differentiation for yang deficiency and blood heat based on 117 psoriasis patients. Methods: Obtained frequency analysis (%), mean (%), and OR, CL(P-value) with prospective pre-post intervention design and multiple regression analysis. Results: There were no statistically significant differences as to sex, BMI, smoking and marital status, but there were statistically significant differences in variables of average age, family history, and alcohol consumption (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in psoriasis symptoms as to initial age of onset, morbidity span, area of the initial onset, and the progression of psoriasis during the last three months of each patient. However, the type of psoriasis showed a statistically significant difference (p=0.011). While there were no statistically significant differences as to common cold, condition of psoriasis after recovering from the cold, skin condition, exercise, and seasonality, irregular perspiration showed significant difference (p<0.00). When confounding factors have been controlled the blood heat patient group as the comparison group, multiple regression analysis showed OR, CI(95%) of 1.06(0.31-3.63) for men, 0.28(0.08-1.06) for aged 30 to 49,0 and 0.18(0.04-0.80) for aged 50 and older. it was 0.06(0.01-0.7) for family history, 1.06(0.29-3.88) for drink alcohol, 19.90(2.53-156.7) for seasonality, and 10.28 (3.19-33.11) for perspiration problems. In these variables, Sex, age, smoking, and alcohol consumption showed no statistically significant results, but family history(p=0.049), seasonality(p=0.005), and irregular perspiration (p=0.017) were statistically significant. Conclusion: Family history, seasonality and irregular perspiration are the determining factors for yang deficiency and blood heat in psoriasis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.28 no.2 s.70
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 2007

Objective : Halitosis, or bad breath, is a common concern for many people. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical characteristics of halitosis patients and correlation with their various associated elements. Methods: We surveyed 169 halitosis patients by reviewing questionnaires from the Halitosis Clinic in the Hospital of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University from January 2004 to March 2006. The questionnaires contained various items including sex, age, history of smoking and alcohol intake, duration of symptoms in a week, time and condition of severe halitosis, suggestive origin of halitosis, taste abnormality, oral hygiene, self-assessed halitosis severity, dry mouth, postnasal drip, tonsillolith, globus pharyngeus, reflux sensation, too much gas and Winkel tongue coating index. Volatile sulfur compounds were measured with a $Halimeter^{\circledR}$. Results : The halitosis patients actively carried out management methods such as non-smoking, moderation in drink, teeth brushing and tongue scraping in order to decrease their oral malodor. Tongue coating significantly affected the $Halimeter^{\circledR}$ reading score, and tongue coating and dry mouth significantly affected self-assessed halitosis severity. Conclusions: Our results suggest that tongue coating and dry mouth should be treated to improve satisfaction in halitosis patients.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.16 no.11
• /
• pp.341-352
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was identify the factor affecting depression in eco boomer. This study used the data from the $7^{th}$ Korea National Health and Nutrition Examinations Survey and identified factor affecting depression in adult aged 24 to 37. Data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS 25.0 program. As a result, there were significant differences according to sex, education level, house ownership, health insurance, economic activity status, status of workers, position of servant, working time system, employment condition, perceived health status, smoking, work related physical activity, suicidal plan, suicidal attempt, stress, frequency of meal, companion for meal. As a result of regression analysis, influencing factors of depression in eco boomer were sex, employment condition, perceived health status, smoking, stress, work related physical activity, suicidal plan, companion for dinner. According to the results of this study, depression of the echo boomer should be improved by considering sex, work related characteristics and life style of eco boomer.