• 한국조경학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2009

본 연구는 서울시에서 전형적인 소수민족집단체류지역(ethnic enclave)의 형태를 보이고 있는 가리봉동 "옌볜거리"의 장소성 형성 요인을 분석하고 그것이 함축하고 있는 의미를 찾음으로써, 국내 외국인 거주자 및 주거지역의 증가에 의한 문화적 다양성을 수용하고 그러한 다양성이 긍정적으로 발현될 수 있는 도시경관 형성에 기초적 자료를 제공하기 위하여 수행되었다. 소수민족집단체류지역(ethnic enclave)으로서의 옌볜거리의 장소성을 형성하는 요인은 다음과 같이 요약된다. 첫째, 장소성을 형성하는 물리적 환경 요인으로 나타난 쪽방촌과 열악한 공간적 환경은 외부자의 부정적 인식과는 달리 거주자에게는 그들의 경제여건에 부합하는 긍정적인 의미를 보였다 둘째, 연길에서의 그것과 유사한 색채 및 한글과 한문이 혼용된 간판은 옌볜거리에서의 장소성을 형성하는 물리적 환경 요인으로서, 내부인인 조선족에게는 구성원들 간의 내적 소통의 수단으로 조선족 문화의 정체성을 나타내는 요인으로 해석되었다. 셋째, 옌볜거리에서는 물리적 건축 환경 요소보다는 집단적 삶의 일상성을 충족시키는 구매활동, 여가 및 정보교환 활동이 장소성 형성에 더욱 크게 작용하고 있었다. 넷째, 공간적 전유(appropriation)현상과 주변과의 격리현상이 뚜렷이 나타났으며, 이러한 격리현상은 외부인에게 부정적 장소성을 형성하고 있었다. 다섯째, 조선족의 고향에 대한 인식, 문자 및 언어, 음식문화 등에서의 문화적 이중성(dualism) 및 혼재(mingling) 양상은 현재 옌볜거리의 장소성을 형성하는 주요한 요인으로 나타났다. 여섯째, 옌볜거리의 장소적 현상에 있어서 임시성(temporariness)이 두드러졌으며, 이러한 임시성은 불법체류라는 조건 하에서 더욱 강화되고, 이는 주거환경에 대한 무관심 등의 부정적 결과를 야기할 수 있으나, 동시에 그러한 임시성으로 인한 불안감을 완화시키고, 내부자간의 협력과 유대를 강화함으로써 긍정적으로 작용하는 장소성 형성 요인으로 나타났다.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.406-414
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• 2018

본 연구는 토양 세균인 B. thuringiensis에서 유래한 해충저항성 유전자(cry1Ac)를 일미벼에 도입시킴으로써 혹명나방(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis)에 대하여 살충성을 나타내는 해충저항성 Bt벼(Bt-T)의 환경위해성 평가에 대한 프로토콜 및 가이드라인을 개발하고자 수행하였다. 경북대학교 군위 LMO 격리포장에서 2년간 해충저항성 Bt벼(Bt-T)와 모품종인 동진벼 및 재배 품종인 일미벼를 재배하고, 혹명나방 등 표적곤충을 제외한 곤충류와 거미류가 포함한 다양성을 조사를 2016년과 2017년에 수행하였다. 조사기간 동안 채집된 개체들은 벼에 대한 기능별로 해충군, 천적군, 기타 곤충군으로 크게 구분하여 동정 계수하였으며, 2년간 총 11목 51과 9,552개체가 채집되었다. 해충저항성 Bt벼(Bt-T), 동진벼 및 일미벼에서 각각 3,042, 3,213, 3,297개체가 채집되었다. 조사된 개체군의 해충군, 천적군, 기타 곤충의 발생량은 해충군에서 노린목을 제외하고 해충저항성 Bt벼(Bt-T)과 모품종인 동진벼와 재배품종인 일미벼 품종 간의 각 분류군별 발생에서 통계적인 유의차가 없었으며, 시기별 곤충 발생 양상에서도 통계적인 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 2년간의 곤충상 데이터를 주성분 분석법으로 분석한 결과, 2016년과 2017년 각각에서 동일하게 해충저항성 Bt벼(Bt-T)와 동진벼 및 일미벼 품종간의 곤충상 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 재배 시기에 따라 확연한 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 유전자 변형에 의한 품종간의 차이 보다는 작물의 재배시기에 따라 곤충상 변화에 큰 영향을 끼치는 요인임을 새롭게 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.65-80
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• 1998

Parents of handicapped children are experiencing difficulties in their children's care, social isolation, change of life style and lirnited leisure time. Because the parents should take care of the children's daily life, they have lots of psychological and physical stress. Chronic stress of parents puts stress to the other family members and affects the development of children with handicap. The purpose of this study were to identify the level of stress in each of parents of children with motor problem, the characteristics of the children and general information related with the children, and to analyse the stress by reasons. Specially organized questionnaire were used for an investigation method. "Test of stress in mother who has children with chronic illness" by Kim Hee-soon were modified and used. The questionnaire answered by 43 mothers and 35 fathers were analyzed. Data analysis includes frequency analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, paired-samples t-test and MANOV A by SPSSWIN. The results were as follows: 1) Degree of handicap was most moderate (46.5%), level of motor development was most pull to walk (34.9%), and combined handicap was 69.8%. 2) Sexual distribution represented that 51.2% male and 48.8% female. The cost of physical therapy was 69.8% in no more than 100,000 won. 3) The mean of age, for the mother was 32.8 years and 35.3 years. Level of motor development that mother and father expect was 88.4%, 83% walk alone. 4) Both mother and father experienced stress in other of Part II (changes in father was the illness status of the child and difficulty in taking care of child), Part III (prognosis of the child's condition), Part I (social-personal relationships and the responsibility of the care givers). In the total score of stress, mother's stress is indicated higher level than father's stress. 5) There was no correlationship between characteristics and stress of mother and father. 6) There was no statistically significant difference between characteristics and related general information of children with handicap and stress of mother and father. As a results, the mother of children with handicap are experiencing more stress than the father. Both of parents have the most difficulties in the changes in the illness status of the child and difficulty in taking care of child. This study can be used as resources of education, therapy and counselling for children with handicap and their parents. This study, also, can be used to encourage the quality of Iife for the children with handicapped and their family.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2005

Changes of control efficacy of chemical to potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans in potato fields from 2001 to 2004 were examined. Control efficacy of metalaxyl was suddenly decreased from 100% in 2002 to 50% in 2004 and that of dimethomorph also was similar to those of metalaxyl. However, the control efficacy of ethaboxam no great change. Both A1 and A2 mating type isolates were isolated from 2001 to 2004 in several areas in Korea. The majority of the P. infestans isolates were A1 mating type. Total 939 isolates of P. infestans obtained from several areas in Korea from 2001 to 2004 were examined for changes of sensitivity to metalaxyl. Frequencies of metalaxyl resistance isolates were gradually increased from 17% in 2001 to 84.2% in 2004, but isolation frequencies of metalaxyl sensitive and intermediate resistant isolate were decreased. Cause of decreasing control efficacy of metalaxyl was thought by increase of resistance isolates in A1 mating type population according to increasing metalaxyl use. Most isolates were grown at 0.5 ${\mu}g/ml of dimethomorph and isolates grown at 1 ${\mu}g/ml of dimethomorph were approximately 10.2-22.9%. However, no isolate was able to grow at 5.0 ${\mu}g/ml. Based on these results, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of dimethomorph to P. infestans were determined to be 0.5-1.0 ${\mu}g/ml. Our results indicated that the reason decreasing control efficacy of dimethomorph was not caused by occurrence of resistant isolates. About 5% and 12.1% isolates among the total isolates collected in 2003 and 2004 were grown on V-8 juice rye agar containing 1.0 ${\mu}g/ml ethaboxam. The 2.1 and 25.4% isolates had MICs of 0.2-0.4 ${\mu}g/ml, and MIC values of 87.9% and 74.3% isolates were less than 0.2 ${\mu}g/ml concentrations of ethaboxam. Therefore, resistance development by P. infestans to ethaboxam is not likely to occur in the natural condition.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the discriminative criteria of 6 kinds of Achyranthis Radix by HPLC/DAD. Methods : 20-hydroxyecdysone is isolated by silica gel column chromatography ($CHCl_3$:MeOH, 7:1-1:1 v/v) and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance, A high-performance liquid chromatographic method with diode array detection was used to identify 20-hydroxyecdysone in A. japonica. The analysis was performed using $C_{18}$ column with isocratic elution consisted of 18% acetonitrile and 82% water and the detection was carried out by DAD at 254 nm. 6 kinds of Achyranthis Radix from different locations were extracted in MeOH. Each extracts was analyzed by HPLC in same condition as used in analysis of 20-hydroxyecdysone. The identities of each extracts were determined by comparing the retention time and UV spectrum with that of reference compound. Results : 1. A. japonica and A. bidentata showed the similar patterns of HPLC chromatogram and 20-hydroxycedysone was present in both of them because the peaks having the same retention time and UV spectrum as 20-hydroxyecdysone were shown in the HPLC chromatograms of A. japonica and A. bidentata 2. Cyathula officinalis and C. capitata showed the similar patterns of HPLC chromatogram. The peak having the same retention time and UV spectrum as 20-hydroxyecdysone was shown in the HPLC chromatogram of C. capitata but not shown in the HPLC chromatogram of C. officinalis. 3. Two species of medicinal drugs from Sacheon province showed similar patterns of HPLC chromatogram. Achyranthis Radix from Sacheon(wild) did not have 20-hydroxycedysone but Achyranthis Radix from Sacheon(cultivated) showed the peak having the same retention time as 20-hydroxyecdysone but UV spectrum of the peak was different from that of 20-hydroxyecdysone. Conclusions : These results suggested that 20-hydroxyecdysone could be the discriminative criteria for Achyranthis Radix contain 20-hydroxyecdysone though they belong to different genus and species. And the patterns of HPLC chromatogram also could be the discriminative criteria as the different species of Achyranthis Radix belonging to the same genus showed similar patterns of HPLC chromatogram.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.5-18
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• 1999

The aim of this study is the development of a fee - based model day care center for the elderly by inquiring into the current condition of facilities in America and in Korea, and in surveying the opinion of domestic elderly about day care facilities. A field trip to U.S. day care services was held between July 5 and July 15 in 1997, and an on-the-spot study for domestic facilities took place during March in 1998. Our research reveals that the overall supply of day care facilities can not meet future demand in terms of quality and quantity. Therefore a model must be created for day care centers of a that consists of a director from a professional group. an adequate environment, and a standardized in order to offer a qualified public health service linked to the home and community in Korea. The director of a day care center is a critical variable in determining the quality of service. Professional skills related to the needs of the elderly and the person's quality of service should be considered in appointing director for the center. This study belleves that a professional nurse should be the director of a day care center. The operating environment of a day care facility should be made up of considerable space comparable to the number of residents, should be in a comfortable and safe location, and should have equipment that provides a qualified, safe service to the elderly. Our model is designed for 20 persons and allocates 4 Peng per person. This model is comprised of a reading room. a craft room, a health room, a room for physical therapy, a dining room, a staff office, and a multi -purpose room connected to other rooms. Day care service should be a comprehensive service program meeting the multidimensional needs of the elderly. A comprehensive service program needs a team of various professionals made up of the elderly family, participants, nurses, social workers, physical therapists, nutritionists, and medical doctors. The program will also include health care service, physical therapy, speech therapy. diet, occupational therapy, transportation service, health and an education program, etc. In conclusion, a model of a day care center is developed with the following components: a professional director and an environment and program, that considers the physical, mental, and social characteristics of the elderly. A model should also motivate self-reliance self-fulfillment in the elderly in order to fulfill their health needs and to prevent isolation from society and mental depression. Furthermore, This facility will be a beneficial factor in reducing a family's burden on caring for the elderly that includes unnecessary hospital expenses. The following is a suggestion based on results this study: A service program should be developed to fit the conditions of the elderly in Korea by specifically analyzing the needs of the elderly.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.144-150
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• 2009

Gradient centrifugal partition chromatography (GCPC) method was developed and applied to isolate 3,5-dimethoxyphenanthrene-2,7-diol (DMP) and batatasin-I (BA-I) from the dichloromethane soluble extract of Dioscorea opposita. In this method, the lower phase of n-hexane-methanol-water system (HMW, 10 : 9 : 1, v/v) was used as a mobile phase A (MpA) and water was used as a mobile phase B (MpB). This gradient CPC method is comparable to that of reversed-phase HPLC method in that the stationary upper-phase of HMW (10 : 9 : 1 v/v) works as if it were reversed-phase silica gel due to its hydrophobic property, while the lower phase (MpA) and water (MpB) functioned as hydrophilic mobile phases. The initial condition of the mobile phase was 20% MpA/80% MpB and maintained for 150 min to obtain DMP (1.2 mg), and then MpA was increased up to 50% to elute BA-I (1.7 mg). The purities of DMP and BA-I were 94.1% and 98.3% with the recovery yields of 83% and 86%, respectively. Similar results were obtained by linear-gradient CPC. The CPC peak fractions were identified by comparing their retention time to those of authentic samples of DMP and BA-I and their spectroscopic data ($^1$H NMR and $^{13}$C NMR) to those of literature values.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2010

Embryoid bodies (EBs) generated from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) include spontaneously induced endodermal lineage cells (ELCs). Activin-A plays important roles in the endoderm differentiation of hESCs. Despite studies on the generation of ELCs from hESCs with treatment of Actvin-A, it was unclear for localization and pattern of ELCs by Activin-A during differentiation of hESCs. Accordingly in this study, we knew that Actvin-A increased the cystic EBs formation, including the highly enriched AFP (endoderm lineage specific marker)-expressing cells in the surface of cystic EBs. To induce the EBs formation from undifferentiated hESCs, cells were transferred onto petri-dish and cultured in suspension condition without bFGF removed hESC media (EB media) for 3 days. Next to investigate the effect of Activin-A, EBs were subsequently cultured in EB media supplement with 100 ng/ml Activin-A for 3 days. After 5~7 days of Activin-A treatment, cystic EBs began to appear which increased in numbers reaching ~60% of initially formed EBs over 5 days. Endoderm lineage marker, AFP were highly expressed and specifically localized at the surface region of cystic EBs comparison with normal EBs. We next attached the cystic EBs onto gelatin-coated plates and cultured for 5 days. In the results of real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry analysis, AFP-expressing cells migrated and localized at the outgrowth region of attached cystic EBs. To obtain the AFP-expressing cells of the outgrowth region, we manually isolated by using micro-dissection and cultured them. These cells strongly express AFP over 70% of isolated cells post re-plating. Here, we first showed an expression pattern of specifically localized ELCs by Activin-A during differentiation of hESCs. From this observation, we could highly purified ELCs from undifferentiated hESCs. Taken together, our system will provide a novel and efficient option to generate ELCs from hESCs.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2018

Acute vascular rejection has been known as a main barrier occurring in a xenograted tissue of alpha 1,3-galactosyltransferase knock-out (GalT KO) pig into a non-human primate (NHP). Adenosine which is a final metabolite following sequential hydrolysis of nucleotide by ecto-nucleotidases such as CD39 and CD73, act as a regulator of coagulation, and inflammation. Thus xenotransplantation of CD39 and CD73 expressing pig under the GalT KO background could lead to enhanced survival of recipient NHP. We constructed a human CD39 and CD73 expression cassette designed for endothelial cell-specific expression using porcine Icam2 promoter (pIcam2-hCD39/hCD73). We performed isolation of endothelial cells (pAEC) from aorta of 4 week-old GalT KO and membrane cofactor protein expressing pig ($GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$). We were able to verify that isolated cells were endothelial-like cells using immunofluorescence staining analysis with von Willebrand factor antibody, which is well known as an endothelial maker, and tubal formation assay. To find optimal condition for efficient transfection into pAEC, we performed transfection with GFP expression vector using four programs of nucleofection, M-003, U-023, W-023 and Y-022. We were able find that the program W-023 was optimal for pAEC with regard to viability and transfection efficiency by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy analyses. Finally, we were able to obtain $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}/CD39/CD73$ pAEC expressing CD39 and CD73 at levels of 33.3% and 26.8%, respectively. We suggested that pACE isolated from $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pig might be provided as a basic resource to understand biochemical and molecular mechanisms of the rejections and as an alternative donor cells to generate $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}/CD39/CD73$ pig expressing CD39 and CD73 at endothelial cells.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2004

Orf virus (ORFV), a member of genus Parapoxvirus (family-Poxviridae), a causative agent of contagious ecthyma in sheep and goat leading to a condition commonly known as vesicular dermatitis. Recently, twelve goats from Iksan in Jeonbuk province were observed with clinical signs like necrotic vesicular lesions around the mucosa of mouth, nasal cavity, eye, ear, teats, abdomen and groin. Based on these clinical symptoms, contagious ecthyma infection was suspected. The skin scrapping was collected from lesions for isolation of DNA and subsequent PCR amplification of ORFV specific 235 bp region of B2L gene. All of the samples were found positive by PCR analysis. Sequencing and further phylogenetic analysis of the PCR product revealed 100% identity to Japan isolate of ORFV (Okinawa, GenBank accession number AB080769), and showed 99.6% of similarity to New Zealand strain (NZ-2, GenBank accession number U06671). It was concluded that ORFV strain detected in the present study is homologous to Japan isolate and New Zealand strain. The PCR test based on amplification of B2L gene is a highly useful tools for rapid and specific diagnosis of contagious ecthyma.