• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2010

In this paper, we conducted MATLAB simulation using the reflectance formula and the Planck's black body radiation principle, for the purpose of identifying the opimum material and thickness of anti-reflective coating from double layered structures. We found that the optimum condition was obtained when refractive index of upper layer is 1.44 and that of lower layer is 2.29. As materials close to these refractive indices, $MgF_2$ as the upper layer and $HfO_2$, ZnS, $TiO_2$ as the lower layer were suggested. The best result in an average reflectance of 2.759% was obtained from a double layered structure of $MgF_2$ 94 nm/ZnS 55 nm.

• 전기학회논문지P
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.199-203
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• 2016

The cost needed to managing equipment is constantly increasing because of increase of power equipment. The regulations such as PAS 55 and ISO 55000 were enacted to manage equipment assets. The advanced management methods such as real-time monitoring, condition evaluation, and health indices are avalable in generation system, transmission system, and substation transformers. However, These methods can not be applied to distribution equipment because of a lot of equipment. Therefore reliability assessment is very important in case of distribution equipment. In this paper, failure rates are extracted considering characteristics of regions, and which are the essential factors to reliability evaluation.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.164-171
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• 2022

Recently, interest of a dual arm robot which can replace humans is increasing in order to improve the working environment and solve the labor shortage. Various studies related with design and analysis of dual-arm robots have been conducted because dual arm robots can have various kinematic configurations according to the objective task. It is necessary to evaluate the work performance according to various kinematic structures of the dual arm robot to maximize its effectiveness. In the paper, the performance analysis is studied according to the shoulder configuration and the wrist configuration of the dual-arm robot by using main performance indices such as manipulability, condition number, and minimum singular value by assigning proper weight values to each objective motion. Performance analysis for the robotic assembly process is effectively carried out for each representative dual arm robot configuration.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2016

PURPOSES : In this study, we evaluated changes in the retroreflectivity and luminance of phosphorescent road line markings with changes in glass beads and line marking thickness. METHODS : The color of line markings affects their retroreflectivity. Using a chromaticity test, we conducted the analysis of whether phosphorescent road line markings adhered to the "KS M 6080" standard. Then, we measured the dry retroreflectivity and wet retroreflectivity for various glass bead refractive indices. We conducted wet retroreflectivity test using the EN 1436 standard as the basis. We also conducted luminance tests for different glass bead refractive indices and line marking thicknesses. RESULTS : 1. Phosphorescent road line markings specimens satisfied the "KS M 6080" standard. 2. In dry retroreflectivity test, phosphorescent road line markings sprayed with glass beads satisfied the national police agency standard ($240mcd/(m^2{\cdot}Lux)$). Wet retroreflectivity test results showed that except for one type of No.1 glass beads, phosphorescent road line markings specimens sprayed with glass beads of one type of No.3 and two types of No.1 satisfied the national police agency standard ($100mcd/(m^2{\cdot}Lux)$). 3. Phosphorescent road line markings had higher retroreflectivity than non-phosphorescent road line markings in the dry condition. 4. Phosphorescent road line markings sprayed with glass beads demonstrated improved luminance. Luminance increased with higher glass bead refractive index and with increased line marking thickness. However, when the thickness crossed a certain threshold, phosphorescence ceased to increase; this is a characteristic of the phosphorescence phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS : Visibility across short distances can be ensured when phosphorescent road line markings are sprayed with glass beads, because of the retroreflection phenomenon. It is also possible to ensure far visibility using phosphorescent road line markings.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to elucidate the coordination patterns of the sternocleidomastoid and posterior cervical muscles in response to symmetrical and asymmetrical jaw functions in normal adults. Methods: Twenty-seven healthy volunteers (8 females, 19 males; mean age, $30.4{\pm}2.5$ years) participated in this study. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to record activities in the masseter, suprahyoid, sternocleidomastoid, and posterior cervical muscles at rest and during maximum tooth clenching, biting of a cotton roll with the anterior teeth, unilateral biting of a cotton roll with the posterior teeth, bilateral biting of cotton rolls with the posterior teeth, and jaw opening while seated. Normalized amplitude, activity indices, and asymmetry indices were compared between the muscles and the jaw tasks. Results: During symmetrical jaw functions (e.g., tooth clenching, biting with the anterior teeth, bilateral biting with the posterior teeth, jaw opening), the sternocleidomastoid and posterior cervical muscles showed elevated EMG amplitudes compared with the resting condition. The co-activation pattern of the sternocleidomastoid muscle was more pronounced than those of the posterior cervical muscles during these tasks. During asymmetrical jaw functions (e.g., unilateral biting with the posterior teeth), the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid and masseter muscles showed higher contraction activity than did the contralateral muscles, but the contralateral posterior cervical muscles were more active than the ipsilateral muscles. Conclusions: The sternocleidomastoid and posterior cervical muscles were shown to be co-activated and coordinated anteroposteriorly or bilaterally according to symmetrical or asymmetrical jaw function. These results suggest an integrated neural control mechanism for the jaw and neck muscles, and provide further evidence supporting the intimate functional coupling between the trigeminal and cervical neuromuscular systems.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

Objectives : We conducted a survey aimed at developing a personal health record application for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in Korean medicine .Methods : We conducted a survey on Korean medicine doctors who attended the Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology conference 2016. The questionnaire was based on priority of usage of the diagnostic indices and tools, and intention to use the personal health record application for treatment of atopic dermatitis in the clinic.Results : Data were collected from 50 Korean medicine doctors. Ninety-six per cent of respondents replied that they were willing to use the personal health record application for treating atopic dermatitis. Among the diagnostic indices related to atopic dermatitis, Korean medicine doctors regarded the following as important in the order of priority, i.e., condition of skin, lifestyle, risk factors, symptoms other than those of skin, past history, family history and medical history, results of tongue, pulse, and abdomen investigation, and constitution. These results did not vary with the purpose of diagnosis, and the results were consistent with those obtained with the intention to use diagnostic. Over 50% of respondents replied that they use immunoglobulin E, scoring atopic dermatitis, and visual analogue scale among the diagnostic tools.Conclusions : Our survey was conducted on clinicians who are the intended users of the personal health record application for the treatment of atopic dermatitis; hence, the results of this study can be helpful for developing a useful personal health record application for atopic dermatitis in the clinic.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.173-184
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 기후학적 물수지 방법을 실제 유역에 적용하여 유역 상황을 모니터링하는 방법으로 구축하였다. 이 기후학적 물수지로부터 생성되는 과잉수분량은 유역에서의 지표면 유출 성분을 반영하여 홍수유출의 유추, 치수 구조물의 설치 및 운영에 관한 지표로 활용할 수 있으며, 부족수분량은 가뭄에 대한 정보를 취득할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 특히 이러한 두 가지 지표를 합성하여 얻어지는 습윤지표는 유역의 습윤상황뿐만 아니라 건조상황까지도 고려할 수 있으며, 이로부터 2001년 실제 가뭄현상에 대한 분석을 실시한 결과 이 습윤지표가 실제 현상을 잘 반영하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 유역의 습윤 및 건조상황 감시를 위하여 NOAA/AVHRR자료에 근거한 증발산량 산정결과를 토대로 지표면의 건습을 평가하였으며, 이러한 위성자료의 이용이 가뭄이 되풀이 되고 있는 우리나라에서 가뭄의 조기경보를 위해 효과적인 도구로서 이용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제81권2호
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• pp.116-122
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• 2018

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious chronic condition with a global impact. Symptoms of COPD include progressive dyspnea, breathlessness, cough, and sputum production, which have a considerable impact on the lives of patients. In addition to the human cost of living with COPD and the resulting death, COPD entails a huge economic burden on the Chinese population, with patients spending up to one-third of the average family income on COPD management in some regions is clinically beneficial to adopt preventable measures via prudent COPD care utilization, monetary costs, and hospitalizations. Methods: Toward this end, this study compared the relative effectiveness of six indices in predicting patient healthcare utilization, cost of care, and patient health outcome. The six assessment systems evaluated included the three multidimensional Body mass index, Obstruction, Dyspnea, Exercise capacity index, Dyspnea, Obstruction, Smoking, Exacerbation (DOSE) index, and COPD Assessment Test index, or the unidimensional measures that best predict the future of patient healthcare utilization, cost of care, and patient health outcome among Chinese COPD patients. Results: Multiple linear regression models were created for each healthcare utilization, cost, and outcome including a single COPD index and the same group of demographic variables for each of the outcomes. Conclusion: We conclude that the DOSE index facilitates the prediction of patient healthcare utilization, disease expenditure, and negative clinical outcomes. Our study indicates that the DOSE index has a potential role beyond clinical predictions.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2007

It was undeniable that rapid development of scientific technology gave us not only convenience and efficiency but troubles for existence of human due to destruction of ecosystem. Especially, rapid and massive expansion of the city deteriorated those phenomenons. Constructing Ecovillage was important and could be an alternative dwelling model in that it was sustainable so that we could cope with the troubles. But now, meaning and purpose of it was being hazy while thoughtless Ecovillage and notions of it were diffused. This study began to derive planning and evaluation index of Ecovillage on the basis of reference studies and suggestion for the notion and purpose of Ecovillage. This study began to suggest more clear notion of Ecovillage with reference study and derive planning and evaluation index of Ecovillage on the basis of the prior study. After Interviewing research and Field study, the derived index was applied to Ansolgi village and an evaluation for the application was made to suggest a direction and ways to develop and activate Ecovillage. The result of evaluation with the indices showed that Ansolgi village had those declined to visible and easy to make planning factors. Therefore, to activate and sustain Ecovillage in KOREA, even, simultaneous and well linked planning and evaluation indices should be developed. At this moment, since ten years have passed from the beginning of Ecovillage in KOREA, a study reflecting dwellers' evaluation is needed. And it is the most important the dwellers' cognition for the problems and will to resolve them and continuous interest and investment of government and others who are interested in sustainable development.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.30-44
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• 2002

This study is conducted to analyze the change of location and soil characteristics effect on the condition of urban forest in Urban Park and Green Open Space The results of this study are as fallows; 1. Soil acidity is indicated pH 3.88 in Sasang park, pH 4.38 in Hwaji park, pH 4.40 in Daeyeon park, pH 4.68 in Sanseong amusement park, pH 5.15 in Molundae amusement park. 2. Species diversity indices of indicated Sasang park 0.9932, Hwaji park 1.1975, Daeyeon park 1.2160, Sanseong amusement park 1.3080, Molundae amusement park 1.3233 is due to location and soil environment in addition to air pollution effects. 3. The vitality of Pinus thunbergii 27.5ER in Sasang park, 24.9ER in Hwaji park, 24.5ER in Daeyeon park, 23.6ER in Sanseong amusement park, 21.0ER in Molundae park. This shows that tree vitality are impacted by location and soil characteristics. On the basis of the result above, vegetation devices are suggested : 1) Robinica pseudo-acacia management, 2) removing the hazard plants; Smilax china, Humulus japonicus, Pueraria thungergiana, 3) improving soil hardness and soil acidity.