• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2011

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the combined effects of ginkgo biloba extract, ginkgolide A and B and aspirin on SK-N-MC, human neuroblastoma cell viability and mRNA expression of growth associated protein43 (GAP43), Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), B-cell lymphoma2 (Bcl2) and protein53 (p53) gene in hypoxia and reperfusion condition. Methods: SK-N-MC cells were cultured with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) media in $37^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$ incubator. The cells were cultured for 8 hours in non-glucose media and hypoxic condition and for 12 hours in normal media and $O_2$ concentration. Cell survival rate was measured with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) reagent assay. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to estimate mRNA levels of GAP43, MAP2, Bcl2, and p53 genes. Results: The ginkgolide A and B increased viable cell number decreased in hypoxic and reperfused condition. The co-treatment of ginkgolide B with aspirin also increased the number of viable cells, however, there was no additive effect. Although there was no increase of mRNA expression of GAP43, MAP2, and Bcl2 in SK-N-MC cells with individual treatment of ginkgolide A, B or aspirin in hypoxic and reperfused condition, the co-treatment of ginkgolide A or B with aspirin significantly increased GAP43 and Bcl2 mRNA levels. In MAP2, only the co-treatment of ginkgolide A and aspirin showed increasing effect. The mRNA expression of p53 had no change in all treating conditions. Conclusion: This study suggests that the combined treatments of Ginkgo biloba extracts and aspirin increase the regeneration of neuroblastoma cells injured by hypoxia and reperfusion.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.115-124
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• 1998

This study was carried out investigate hygienic conditions of domestic packing plant for export and the shelf-life by Japanese standards. vacuum packaged chilled port loins provided by five packers(A, B, C, D and E) were transported to Japan in the same condition, Four packers(A, B, C adn d) produced the samples as hygienic as possible and one packer produced loins in the traditional hygienic condition, In TTC(2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride) test all samples showed the negative reaction from the date of the quarantine(14 days after slaughtering) to 50 days The numbers of total plate count(TPC) of A, B, C and D packers that were below 108CFU/g until 50 days were accepted by Japanese Standards but TPC of E packer was over 107CFU/g at 30 days. VBN values increased sig-nificantly(P<0.01) in samples of A,B and D packers in the samples of C packer and E packer at 5% and 0.1% level respectively. The pH values of the vacuum packaged chilled pork for export at 14 days after slaughtering were 5.43∼6.00 In sensory evaluation, A, B, C and D packers which improved hygi-enic condition produced the products with good color and appearance. low drip until 40 days storage at $0^{\circ}C$ But as the storage time increase off-flavor occured at 40days in A and D packer and at 50days in B and C packer. In conclusion according to the above results of microbiological physicochemical and sensory evalution the edible periods of Korean vacuum package chilled porks may be estimated to 40∼50 days for the packers who improved hygienic condition and the shelf lives were calculated as 32∼40 days from edible period by a factor of 0.8(safety coefficient) while that of the pork from E packer which was produced in the traditional hygienic condition was estimated to 30 days after slaughtering at $0^{\circ}C$ Therefore the shelf-life of the pork of E packer would be only 24 days.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제20권1_2호
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• pp.35-59
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• 2006

In this paper, we generalized the results of [23, 26], and get the results of the condition number of the W-weighted Drazin-inverse solution of linear system W AW\chi=b, where A is an $m{\times}n$ rank-deficient matrix and the index of A W is $k_1$, the index of W A is $k_2$, b is a real vector of size n in the range of $(WA)^{k_2}$, $\chi$ is a real vector of size m in the range of $(AW)^{k_1}$. Let $\alpha$ and $\beta$ be two positive real numbers, when we consider the weighted Frobenius norm $\|[{\alpha}W\;AW,\;{\beta}b]\|$(equation omitted) on the data we get the formula of condition number of the W-weighted Drazin-inverse solution of linear system. For the normwise condition number, the sensitivity of the relative condition number itself is studied, and the componentwise perturbation is also investigated.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

Modules using 6 inch cells have problems with loss due to empty space between cells. To solve this problem made by shingled structure which can generate more power by utilizing empty space by increasing the voltage level than modules made in 6inch cell. Thus, in this paper, the c-Si cutting cells were produced using nanosecond green laser, and then the ECA was sprayed and cured to perform cutting cell bonding. Three types of ECA materials (B1, B2, B3) with Ag as the main component were used, and experimental conditions varied from 5 to 120 seconds of curing time, 130 to $210^{\circ}C$ of curing temperature, and 1 to 3 of curing numbers. As a results of experiments varying curing time, B1 showed efficiency 19.88% in condition of 60 seconds, B2 showed efficiency 20.15% in 90 seconds, and B3 showed efficiency 20.27% in 60 seconds. In addition, experiments with varying curing temperature, It was confirmed highest efficiency that 20.04% in condition of $170^{\circ}C$ with B1, 20.15% in condition of $150^{\circ}C$ with B2, 20.27% in condition of $150^{\circ}C$ with B3. These are because the Ag particles are densely formed on the surface to make the conduction path. After optimizing the conditions of temperature and curing time, the secondary-tertiary curing experiments were carried out. as the structural analysis, conditions of secondary-tertiary curing showed cracks that due to damp heat aging. As a result, it was found that the ECA B3 had the highest efficiency of 20.27% in condition of 60 seconds of curing time, $150^{\circ}C$ of curing temperature, and single number of curing, and that it was suitable for the manufacture of Solar cell of shingled structure rather than ECA B1 and B2 materials.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.701-716
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• 2016

We establish a tripled coincidence and common tripled fixed point theorem for hybrid pair of mappings satisfying new contractive condition. To find tripled coincidence points, we do not use the continuity of any mapping involved therein. An example is also given to validate our result. We improve, extend and generalize several known results.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.433-436
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• 2009

This study is concerned with an effect of frictional condition in a forward/backward combined extrusion process. Generally, the material flow of the billet is influenced by the corners of the die cavity, the ratio in reduction in area, and thickness ratio of backward can thickness to forward can thickness. In addition, the frictional condition in contact area between the billet and the punch/die also affect the material flow. This paper investigated the effect of frictional condition for variable friction factors. The FEM simulation has been carried out in order to examine the effect of frictional condition. Deformation patterns and flow characteristics were examined in terms of design parameters such as extruded length ratio etc. Die pressure exerted on the die-workpiece interface is calculated by the simulation results and analyzed for safe tooling. Therefore the numerical simulation works provide a combined extrusion process of stable cold forging process planning to avoid the severe damage on the tool.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.69-97
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• 2016

Performance-based remaining life assessment of reinforced concrete bridge girders, subject to chloride-induced corrosion of reinforcement, is addressed in this paper. Towards this, a methodology that takes into consideration the human judgmental aspects in expert decision making regarding condition state assessment is proposed. The condition of the bridge girder is specified by the assignment of a condition state from a set of predefined condition states, considering both serviceability- and ultimate- limit states, and, the performance of the bridge girder is described using performability measure. A non-homogeneous Markov chain is used for modelling the stochastic evolution of condition state of the bridge girder with time. The thinking process of the expert in condition state assessment is modelled within a probabilistic framework using Brunswikian theory and probabilistic mental models. The remaining life is determined as the time over which the performance of the girder is above the required performance level. The usefulness of the methodology is illustrated through the remaining life assessment of a reinforced concrete T-beam bridge girder.

• 에너지공학
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.333-337
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 태양전지의 Ribbon 두께(A-type:0.2mm, B-type:0.25mm)에 따라 3가지 온도조건 ($-40{\sim}65^{\circ}C$, $-40{\sim}85^{\circ}C$, $-40{\sim}105^{\circ}C$)으로 열충격 시험을 수행하였다. 그 결과, A, B type 별 초기 평균효율은 15.2%로 같았다. 하지만, 열충격 시험(600 Cycle) 후 Condition 1에서 A-type 7.5%, B-type 7.7%, Condition 2에서는 8.6%, 13.2%를 나타내었다. Condition 3에서는 각각 11.6%, 19.9%의 감소율을 나타내었다. 열충격 시험 후 A-type보다 Ribbon두께가 두꺼운 B-type의 효율이 크게 감소하였다. 이는 A, B type 모두 이종재료 접합부의 금속간화합물(IMC)층이 형성되어 전기적 저항이 증대된 것으로 판단된다. 또한, B-type의 I-V 특성 곡선 및 EL을 분석한 결과, p-n층이 파괴되고, 병렬저항이 감소하여, 장기적 신뢰성에서 A-type 보다 더 취약한 것으로 나타났다. 향후 태양전지 Ribbon 형상에 따른 장기 신뢰성 특성에 대해 수치해석 및 시뮬레이션 분석이 수반되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2014년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.39-39
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• 2014

In a homothallic filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, sexual and asexual developments are largely affected by the genetic and environmental factors. To regulate the complex subsets of genes involved in the developmental processes accurately, tight regulations of transcription factors are required. The forkhead type transcription factors are the class of regulators that function in a broad spectrum of cellular and developmental processes in many species from yeast to human. Here, we identified the fkhA and fkhB genes that encode a conserved forkhead transcription factors. The fkhA deletion resulted in the complete loss of fruiting body formation under all conditions favoring sexual development, suggesting that the fkhA gene is required for sexual development in A. nidulans. Overexpression of fkhA resulted in enhanced formation of fruiting bodies under induction condition not only in the normal condition but also in the condition of presence of 0.6 M KCl, which strongly inhibits sexual development. To know the function of the fkhB gene, we also generated fkhB knock-out strain in A. nidulans. Deletion of fkhB resulted in abnormal conidiophore formation under standard conditions and delayed sexual development process, suggesting that the fkhB gene plays an important role in conidiophore morphogenesis Taken together, these results suggest that the fkhA gene is necessary and sufficient for regulating sexual development and the fkhB gene is a transcription factor related in asexual developmental process in A. nidulans.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.85-88
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• 2007

This research is a case study for improving the sound environmental quality of cafeteria in university campus. The purpose of the study is to investigate the present condition of physical level, type, and source of indoor noise by comparison with a restaurant near campus. Methods were field survey with measurement on equivalent and instant noise level and observation on noise type, and questionnaire survey to 60 students users. Surveys were carried out in the 8th and the 14th of December 2005. The results are as follows. 1) Indoor noise levels of the cafeteria were measured as $67.2{\sim}76.6$(average 73.3) dB(A)Leq5min and $60.3{\sim}90.5$(average 71.2) dB(A), but noise levels of the restaurant were $61.6{\sim}70.4$(average 66.9) dB(A)Leq5min and $59.8{\sim}70.6$(average 64.9) dB(A). 2) The users's responses on major noise type were 'noise by handling equipment and tableware', 'noise by moving chairs', and 'taking noise' in cafeteria, but 'taking noise' and 'background music' in restaurant. 3) It was found that the differences of indoor noise condition between with 2 subjects were caused by finishing materials, kitchen division type, and furniture type.