• Animal cells and systems
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.361-366
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• 2000

In order to investigate the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in chondrogenic differentiation, we examined the localization of PKC isoforms in a limb bud micromass culture system. PKC$\alpha$ is specifically localized in the regions which would become cartilage nodules, while PKC$\lambda/l$ and $\zeta$ display widespread distribution in the whole culture. Distribution of PKC$\alpha$ change along with promotion or inhibition of chondrogenesis by lysophosphatidylcholine or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. On the other hand, localization of PKC$\lambda/l$ or $\zeta$ a was not changed by the modulation of chondrogenesis. Peanut agglutinin binding protein which is associated with cell aggregation during chondrogenesis was present in the cell condensation regions and its expression in those regions was influenced by PKC activity. Expression of fibronectin and N-cadherin in the cell condensing area were also affected by modulation of PKC activity. These results suggest involvement of PKC$\alpha$ in the cell condensation, possibly through regulating expression of fibronectin and N-cadherin.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.6-11
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• 2001

After automatic translation system for hangul's romanization based on the World Wide Web converting korean-word. sentence, document to Transliteration letters by applying algorithm based phonological principles. even though a user do not know the basic principles of the usage of Korean-to-Romanization notations. It refers to corresponding character table that has been currently adopted the authority's standard proposition for Korean-to-Romanization notation rule concurrently, add to make possible to convert a machinized code as well. It Provides font for toggling Korean-English mode, insert-edit mode by assigning ASCII codes are hardly used to them. This program could be made in C++ programming language and Unified Modeling Language to implement various font. font-expanding and condensing, alternative printing.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.313-326
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• 2007

In this paper, an algorithm to reconstruct two orthogonal images into a three-dimensional image is developed in order to measure the bubble size and volume in a two-phase boiling flow. The central-active contour model originally proposed by P. $Szczypi\'{n}ski$ and P. Strumillo is modified to reduce the dependence on the initial reference point and to increase the contour stability. The modified model is then applied to the algorithm to extract the object boundary. This improved central contour model could be applied to obscure objects using a variable threshold value. The extracted boundaries from each image are merged into a three-dimensional image through the developed algorithm. It is shown that the object reconstructed using the developed algorithm is very similar or identical to the real object. Various values such as volume and surface area are calculated for the reconstructed images and the developed algorithm is qualitatively verified using real images from rubber clay experiments and quantitatively verified by simulation using imaginary images. Finally, the developed algorithm is applied to measure the size and volume of vapor bubbles condensing in a subcooled boiling flow.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1132-1138
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• 2005

Recently, production and use of freon substances are restrained due to depletion of ozone layer and global warming. In this aspect of environmental problems, the best solution is to use the natural refrigerant such as ammonia. Thus, this study is to find the optimal operating conditions by comparing the performance between the shell and tube type and shell and disk type heat exchangers using the ammonia refrigerant, and to verify the superiority of the shell and disk type heat exchanger that is not used in field of refrigeration and air conditioning. Finally, this study shows that the shell and disk type heat exchanger is applicable to the ammonia refrigeration system, and this system minimizes the refrigerant charge and installation space.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.165-174
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• 2019

Purpose: In this study, we investigated the relationship between the causes of ESS container fire accidents. Method: We investigated the possibility of reducing the container fire accident by improving the air environment of the container which is necessary for improvement of these. Result: Through this study, we can be confirmed that the condensing condition of water in the air caused by the difference of internal and external temperature is improved and the dielectric strength of BMS board is reduced. Conclusion: The correlation between the BMS board condensation and the dielectric strength was confirmed.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2019

Purpose: This study presents methodological research that aimed to verify the content validity, construct validity, reliability, and criterion-related validity of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAPI), originally developed by Milner and then translated into Korean by Ahn. Methods: Data used in this study were collected from 209 mothers of infants, toddlers, and children of preschool age in D metropolitan city. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 24. Results: The Korean version of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (K-CAPI) was developed by condensing 44 of the original 77 CAPI items. Four factors of K-CAPI were extracted using principal component analysis. These 4 factors-distress; problems with child, self, family, and others; unhappiness; rigidity-accounted for 54.01% of variance. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was .96, the Guttman split-half coefficient was .88, and test-retest reliability was r=.86 (p<.001). Conclusion: The results of this study established the reliability and validity of the K-CAPI and found it to be an appropriate tool to evaluate mothers' potential to abuse their children.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.138-144
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• 2022

To report two cases of type 1.5 split cord malformation (SCM), a subtype of SCM with combined characteristics of types I and II and to review the relevant literature and propose a new possible pathogenetic theory for type 1.5 SCM. A 52-year-old woman had hemicords within a single dural sac with a dorsal bony septum at the L5 level. A 9-year-old boy had hemicords within a single dural sac with a ventral bony septum and fibrous extension at the L3 level. Both patients underwent microsurgical treatments for removing the bony septum, detethering the spinal cord, and sectioning the filum terminale. The surgical procedure revealed an extradural partial bony septum and hemicords within an intact single dural sac in each patient. Both patients were discharged from the hospital without de novo nerve dysfunction. Published cases have validated that types I and II SCM can overlap. We recommend recent type 1.5 SCM as a normative terminology for this overlapping SCM and report two rare cases of this SCM. We propose an associated pathogenesis consisting of uneven distribution and regression to explain type 1.5 SCM. Furthermore, we postulate that the amount of condensing meninx primitiva might determine whether the left bony septum has fibrous extensions to the opposite dura in type 1.5 SCM.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2022

Desalination has the advantage of being easy to supply water resources. However most desalination devices are developed mainly for large plants and it is not common to use desalination system for a small fishing ship. More than 50% of the input fuel energy of the small shipbuilding's engine is wasted without reused in a ship, and it is necessary to improving the fuel efficiency of the small fishing ship. In this study, a desalination device using waste heat from engine of the ships was developed. As results, it was found that if the condensing chamber uses a fan to circulate the water vapor, the freshwater production was up to 40.0% higher, and the freshwater production efficiency was up to 30.1% increased when the fan was operated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.275-275
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• 2022

One of the most widely grown food crops in the world, wheat, is increasing more lodged since for increased rains and winds caused by abnormal climate. During the Green Revolution, shorter wheat cultivars were bred using many Rht genes to increase lodging resistance. However, since only some Rht genes were used for breeding shorter wheat, it may have had a limited impact on wheat breeding and reduced genetic diversity. Therefore, it is essential to search for genes that have breeding potential and affect dwarfism in order to increase the genetic diversity of dwarf characteristics in wheat. In this study, we performed the RNA-seq between 'Keumkang' and 'Komac 5' ('Keumkang' mutant) to analyze the difference in plant height. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis and Gene function annotation were performed using 265,365,558 mapped reads. Cluster set analysis was performed to compress and select candidate gene DEGs affecting plant height, stem and internode. Gene expression analysis was performed in order to identify the functions of the selected genes by condensing the results of the DEG analysis into a cluster set analysis. This analysis of these plant height-related genes could help reduce plant height, improve lodging resistance, and increase wheat yield. Its application to wheat breeding will also affect the increased genetic diversity of wheat dwarfism.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.611-623
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• 2024

The ISP-47 TOSQAN experiment was analyzed with containmentFOAM which is an open-source CFD code based on OpenFOAM. The containment phenomena taking place during the experiment are gas mixing, stratification and wall condensation in a mixture composed of steam and non-condensable gas. The k-ω SST turbulence model was adopted with buoyancy turbulence models. The wall condensation model used is based on the diffusion layer approach. We have simulated the full TOSQAN experiment which had a duration 20000 s. Sensitivity studies were conducted for the buoyancy turbulence models with SGDH and GGDH and there were not significant differences. All the main features of the experiments namely pressure history, temperature, velocity and gas species evolution were well predicted by containemntFOAM. The simulation results confirmed the formation of two large flow stream circulations and a mixing zone resulting by the combined effects of the condensation flow and natural convection flow. It was found that the natural convection in lower region of the vessel devotes to maintain two large circulations and to be varied the height of the mixing zone as result of sensitivity analysis of non-condensing wall temperature. The computational results obtained with the 2D mesh grid approach were comparable to the experimental results.