• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 2004

An experiment was conducted to evaluate condensed molasses solubles(CMS, a by-product from monosodium glutamate production) as a source of nitrogen for ruminant with particular reference to its effects on microbial protein synthesis. Four non-lactating dairy cows fitted with rumen cannulas were used in a 4 ${\times}$ 4 Latin square with 14-day periods. The four treatments were (1) basal diet consisting of barley straw ad libitum and 3 kg/d of rolled barley, (2) basal diet plus 200 gld molasses and 300 g/d water, (3) basal diet plus 200 g/d molasses, 100 g/d CMS and 200 g/d water, (4) basal diet plus 200 g/d molasses, 200 g/d CMS and 100 g/d water. Ruminal pH remained at high levels and showed little variation during the day between treatments. The concentration of total and individual VFA in the rumen was similar between treatments. There was no difference in the concentration of ammonia in the rumen between treatments, although the intake of nitrogen in molassesl CMS mixture treatments was higher than that of control and molasses treatment. But there was a suggestion of an increased synthesis of microbial protein with the higher level of inclusion of CMS when the allantoin/creatinine ratio was used as an index of microbial protein production(P <0.10).

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.185-192
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of condensed molasses fermentation solubles (CMS) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and backfat thickness of growing pigs. In an eight-week trial, a total of 120 cross-bred ([Landrace × Yorkshire]× Duroc) growing pigs with an average initial body weight (BW) of 25.84 ± 1.60 kg were used. The pigs were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments based on body weight and sex. The dietary treatments were as follows: CON - corn-soybean meal-based basal diet (CON) + 2% molasses; and TRT1 - CON + 2% CMS. Each treatment had 12 replicates with five pigs (three gilts and two castrated barrows) per pen. Though there were no significant differences observed in terms of the growth performance and nutrient digestibility (p < 0.05), the backfat thickness in pigs fed 2% CMS tended to increase in week 4 (p < 0.1). Thus, 2% CMS could be optimal to replace molasses given that it does not exert any adverse effects on the performance of growing pigs.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.205-212
• /
• 2021

Objective: The purpose of present study was to investigate the effects of condensed molasses fermentation solubles (CMS) on lactation performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, and serum parameters of dairy cows. Methods: A total of 75 healthy Holstein cows with the same parity (milk production = 35±2.5 kg, body weight = 570±28 kg) were randomly selected and divided into 5 groups. One group served as control group (CON; no CMS), whereas the other 4 groups were CMS1 (accounted for 1% of the diet), CMS2 (2%), CMS3 (3%), and CMS4 (4%). All cows were fed regularly three times each day at 0800, 1600, and 2400 h. Cows received diet and water ad libitum. The experiment lasted for 60 days. Results: Results showed that the dry matter intake, milk yield, and protein of CMS2 were maximum and higher (p<0.05) than CMS4. The ruminal pH was observed less than 6 in CMS3 and CMS4 groups. No noticeable difference of microbial protein was found between CON and CMS2 groups, while the microbial protein in these groups was higher (p<0.05) than CMS3 and CMS4 groups. The apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein in CMS2 group was higher (p<0.05) than CMS3 and CMS4 groups. Compared to CMS3 and CMS4 groups, the CMS2 group increased (p<0.05) the serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M on d 60. Conclusion: Therefore, it is practicable that CMS substitutes for a part of concentrates in lactating cows' diets, but higher addition of CMS (more than 3% of the diet) could decrease production performance of dairy cows as seen in the present study.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.513-520
• /
• 2006

A series of four in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate condensed molasses solubles (CMS) as a source of nitrogen for ruminal microbes. In experiment 1, as compared with urea, the value of CMS as a nitrogen source was examined. In experiment 2, to determine the time needed for maximal response of microbial synthesis, the treatments were incubated for increasing times (from 6 h to 16 h). Because a sediment that was assumed to cause nitrogen loss was found after incubation in experiments 1 and 2, it was decided to avoid formation of sediment using sugar instead of molasses or a shorter time incubation (experiments 3 and 4). Furthermore, in experiment 4, because the extent to which ammonia nitrogen is released from CMS and urea before 6 h of incubation was uncertain, it was decided to examine the peaks of concentrations of ammonia nitrogen released from CMS and urea by sampling after 2 h incubation. There was no significant difference in the concentration of microbial-N between molasses/CMS and molasses/ urea treatments in experiment 1, although there were greater decreases in ammonia concentration with the molasses/CMS treatment. The microbial protein synthesis was increased progressively until 10 h for both treatments (experiment 2). Although ingredients that were completely soluble (sucrose, urea) were used in experiment 3, the sediment was still evident suggesting that the sediment was largely of microbial not feed origin. Ammonia release from CMS was much faster than from urea during 2 h incubation. In conclusion, the results of the present studies suggest that the feed value of CMS as a source of nitrogen for ruminal bacteria was similar to that of urea when it was estimated in vitro.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.70-78
• /
• 2001

The objective of this study was to determine effects of corn germ meal(CGM) and condensed molasses fermentation solubles(CMS) as the replacement of rice bran on mycelial growth and density in various mushrooms. The results of this study showed that CGM and CMS might be utilized more efficiently than rice bran in culturing mushrooms. The results are as follows; 1. Mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus was remarkably higher than that of control when the concentration of CGM and CMS was 10%, respectively. However, the mycelial density was lower than that of control. Thus, Considering the mycelial growth as well as density, it was found that 20% supplements of CGM and CMS resulted in the best with 78mm/10d and 71mm/10d, respectively. 2. Mycelial growth of Pleurotus eryngii in the treatment group of 10% CMS and 20% CGM showed 74mm/10d and 67mm/10d, respectively. This result tended to be equal or somewhat lower compared with that of control(74mm/10d). 3. Mycelial growth of Flamulina velutipes was 87mm/10d in the treatment of 10% CMS, 79mm/10d in the treatment of 20% CGM, which showed significantly higher than that of control(56mm/10d). When the contents of CGM and CMS were mixed with the amount of 10-30%, Thus, it was assumed that the quantity of mushrooms may increase with the supplements of CEM and CMS. 4. Mycelial growth of Lentinus edodes in the treatment group of 10-40% CMS and 10-30% CGM showed 58-52mm/10d and 56-49mm/10d, respectively. This result was significantly higher that control(47mm/10d). 5. When CMS and CGM were supplememted with the level of 10-30%, mycelial growth rate of Ganoderma lucidum showed 76-72mm/10d and 74-69mm/10d, respectively, which are higher than those of control.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 2002

To study the behavior of $NH_4{^+}$ of CMS (condensed molasses solubles) in soil, a laboratory incubation experiment was conducted during a period of up to 21 days at $25^{\circ}C$. The $NH_4{^+}$ of CMS was labeled with $^{15}N$ and was applied to water-unsturated and water-saturated conditions. Soil pH was gradually decreased from 6.1 to 5.4 under unsaturated condition. However, soil pH was increased to 6.5 within 2 days under saturated condition and then was constant. The concentration of ammonium was decreased 3 times faster under unsaturated condition than under saturated condition. The concentration of nitrate was increased from 17.4 to $155.4mg\;kg^{-1}$ under unsaturated condition. But concentration of nitrate was kept with low(below $8.0mg\;kg^{-1}$) under saturated condition. During the incubation, 52.4% of $^{15}NH_4{^+}$ applied was existed in the form of $NO_3{^-}$ by nitrification under unsaturated condition. Most of applied nitrogen was immobilized within 4 days of incubation. On 21 days of the incubation the percentage of immobilized nitrogen derived from $^15NH_4{^+}$(NDFA) was 19.6% under unsaturated condition and 17.0% under saturated condition. The percentage of unaccounted N, which was lost by denitrification, was 28.4% under unsturated condition and 67.6% under saturated condition.