• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2013

Many retailer store managers are experiencing the situation where some customers balk at purchasing products if the stock is low. In this paper, we extend the single period newsvendor model in an environment of customer balking behavior occurring at double threshold inventory levels assuming the chance of sales during balking is a discrete function of inventory level. Our analysis is based on the assumption that only the mean and the variance of demand are known, without assuming any specific distributional form. We derive the explicit general expression of optimal order quantity with unknown distribution of demand with double threshold inventory levels of customer balking. Then, we illustrate the concepts developed here through simple numerical examples and conclude the future research topics under balking situation.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.555-569
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• 1999

The graph unit(chapter) is a good example of a topic in elementary school mathematics for which computer use can be incorporated as part of the instruction. Teaching graph can be facilitated by using the graphing utilities of computers, which make it possible to observe the property of many types of graphs. This study was concerned with utilizing an educational software Graphers as an instructional tool in teaching to help young students gain a better understanding of graph concepts. For this purpose, three types of instructional activities using Graphers were shown in the paper. Graphers is a data-gathering tool for creating pictorial data chosen from several data sets. They can represent their data on a table or with six types of graphs such as Pictograph, Bar Graph, Line Graph, Circle Graph, Grid Plot and Loops. They help students to select the graph(s) which are the most appropriate for the purpose of analyzing data while comparing various types of graphs. They also let them modify or change graphs, such as adding grid lines, changing the axis scale, or adding title and labels. Eventually, students have a chance to interpret graphs meaningfully and in their own way.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.21-34
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to suggest strategies for the development of mushroom associated tour villages with the aged. Mushroom has many strong points to use a theme for making a park and tour village. Especially it can be easily cultivated by the aged and a popularist commodity. The 5 days work system in a week enlarge the chance for the people to get a weekend tour. The number of the people who want to live in rural area after retire is getting increased also. This trend needs the development of tour villages as a kind of the silver agricultural industry in rural area. "Work & Play" concepts should be considered as a pivotal strategy to develope mushroom associated tour villages with the aged workforce. Mushroom can be a good theme attracting the tourist when the cultivating, showing, processing and marketing mushroom are welly connected in a village. And the traditional family game and culture must be adjusted for the tourist.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.643-650
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• 1998

본 연구의 3단계 선다형 평가 문항은 과학적 결과와 그 결과가 나온 과정 또 그러한 과정에 관계된 과학적 개념을 함께 물어 봄으로써 과학적 탐구 사고력을 의미있게 평가할 수 있고 객관식 문항형태이지만 객관식 평가의 단점인 추측의 요인을 주관식 응답에 준하여 거의 제거할 수 있다고 판단된다. 오랜 기간동안 1단계 4지선다형 또는 5지 선다형 시험에 익숙해 있던 학생들은 3단계 선다형 문항에 매우 적용하기 어렵겠고 교사들 또한 문항을 제작하는데 많은 시간과 노력이 필요하겠지만 평가가 학생들의 학습에 미치는 영향을 고려한다면 3단계 선다형 문항의 현장 도입은 절실히 필요하다. 이의 도입은 학생들의 탐구사고력의 신장에 큰 기여를 할 것으로 판단된다.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a pioneering concept of DPD(Disaster Prevention Design) to realize a securable society in the future. Features of danger in the future society are expected to be diverse, abrupt occurring, large scale, and complicated ways. Due to increment of dangers with their features of uncertainty, interactivity, complexity, and accumulation, human-oriented design concept naturally participates in activities to prevent our society against disasters effectively. We presented DPD is an essential design activity in order to cope with dangers expected in the future societies as well as realize securable environments. DPD is also an integrated design aids including preemptive protections, rapid preparing, recovery, and interactive cooperation. We also expect these activities of DPD is effective for generation of new values in the market, satisfaction of social needs, expansion of design industry, and a novel chance for development in the future society. Throughout this paper, we submit various aspects of DPD concepts including definition, classification, scope, necessity, strategy, influencing elements, process, and its principle. We expect these concepts will be the seed and/or basement of DPD research for the future works. For the direction of study for DPD in the future, we emphasize alarm system for preemptive protection rather than recovery strategy for the damage occurred. We also need to research about progressive prevention techniques and convergence with other areas of design. In order to transfer the concept of product design from facility-oriented mechanism to human-oriented one, we should develop new kinds of city basis facilities, public-sense design concepts referred to social weak-party, e-Learning content design preparing disasters, and virtual simulation design etc. On the other hand, we have to establish laws and regulations to force central and/or provincial governments to have these DPD strategies applying their regional properties. Modern design activities are expanding to UI(user interface) content design area overcoming the conventional design concept of product and/or service. In addition, designers are recognized as art directors or life stylists who will change the human life and create the social value. DPD can be divided into prevention design, preparedness design, response design, and recovery design. Five strategies for successful DPD are Precaution-oriented, Human-oriented, Sense-oriented, Legislation, and Environment Friendly Strategies.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.836-846
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• 2000

This Meta-Analysis of 18 studies was conducted to determine the magnitude of th relationship between health promotion behavior and each of explanatory variables. The studies were measured using Health Promoting Life Style(HPLP) developed by Walker and others based on Pender's definiton of health promoting behavior. The sample was collected by searching for The Journal of Korean Academy Nursing Society, The Journal of Korean Women's Health Nursing Academic Society,The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Adult Nursing, Journal of Korean Community Nursing, The Journal of Fundamentals of Nursing, The Journal of Korean Nursing Administration Academic Society, The Korean Journal of Child Health Nursing, The Journal of Korean Psychiatric Academic Society, the dissertations for mater degree or doctoral dissertations for the period from 1980 to 1998. The explanatory variables measured more than 2 times in studies were self-efficacy, perceived health status, self-esteem, internal, powerful-others and chance dimensions of health locus of control, perceived benefits, hardiness, wellbeing and clinical demensions of health concepts, and quality of life(life satisfaction). Effect sizes were calculated by unweighted mean r, weighted mean r by sample size and weighted mean r by quality index score after homogeneity test. The mean r effect size indicator range of each predictor variable were as follows; quality of life (0.50- 0.52), self-efficacy (0.46-0.47), hardiness (0.42-0.44), self-esteem(0.41-0.43), health locus of control- internal(0.32-0.34), health locus of control- powerful others (0.25-0.31), perceived health status(0.18-0.19) and clinical dimensions of health concepts (0.16-0.17).

• 철학연구
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• 제117권
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• pp.161-189
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• 2011

본 논문은 서구에서 1990년대부터 활발하게 논의되었던 공동체주의와 자유주의의 논쟁을 헤겔 "법철학"의 도덕성과 인륜성의 개념을 중심으로 우리 한국사회의 정치현실과 연관시켜 살펴보고자 한다. 특히 본 논문은 공동체주의를 헤겔의 입장에서 재조명하고자 한다. 헤겔은 "법철학"에서 공동체를 근대의 윤리적-정치적 질서체계를 세우기 위한 근본적인 의미로서 파악하였다. 여기서 헤겔은 칸트의 도덕성을 수용하여 법과 국가의 개념을 근본적으로 다시 규명하였다. 필자는 이 논쟁의 광범위한 영역을 헤겔의 도덕성과 인륜성에 대해 한정하여 논의해 보고, 결론부분에서 우리 한국의 정치 현실상황을 반성적 성찰의 기회로 삼고자 한다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.413-423
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate the changes of health behaviors and concepts via self-reflection after health education with 6 videotapes for undergraduate students. Method: After the first semester in 2011, we collected the data for evaluating their own health-related life-style. Using qualitative content method, the data were analyzed. Result: Thirty-nine students participated in this study. Average age was 22.7 years, and 27 were male. Thirty-seven students replied unhealthy diet pattern; irregular meal time and binge. Four themes and 11 subjects emerged. The four themes were new perception for health and illness, evaluation of own health state, checking for health-related lifestyle, and trying to change for a healthy life pattern. The eleven subjects were chance to change their health habits, new perception about illness experience with family, uncertainty about upcoming health, worry about disease occurring, grasp the facts of unhealthy diet pattern, less exercise, growing stress, high-pressure drinking culture in the university, increasing concern for a healthy life, trying to change lifestyle, and difficulty in changing lifestyle. Conclusion: From the results of this study, we concluded that self-reflection on the health behaviors after health education with videotapes could reinforce to change health behaviors and concepts for undergraduate students.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.307-317
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• 2006

Those students with ability and interest in science should be supported to develop their potential and to reach high levels of achievement in science and technology. In order to ensure that gifted pupils are able to enhance their creativity as well as research abilities, appropriate learning programs and environments are essential. One of the various teaching and learning models for the gifted in science is the discovery learning model based on inductive science activities. There is a clear line of continuity between knowledge discovery at the forefront of research and student's learning activities. If students receive excellent training in organizing scientific concepts for themselves, they will be able to skillfully apply appropriate scientific concepts and solve problems when facing unfamiliar situations. It is very important to offer an appropriate learning environment to maximize the learning effect whilst, at the same time, understanding individual student's characteristics. In this study, the authors took great pains to research effective learning environments for gifted science students. Firstly, appropriate classroom learning environments thought by the teacher to offer the most potential were investigated. 3 different classes in which a revised teaching and learning environment was applied in sequence were examined. Inquiries were conducted into students' activities and achievement through observation, interviews, and examination of students' worksheets. A Science Education expert and 5 elementary school teachers specializing in gifted education also observed the class to examine the specific character of gifted science students. A number of suggestions in discovery learning classes for elementary students gifted in science are possible; 1) Readiness is essential in attitudes related to the inquiry. 2) The interaction between students should be developed. A permissive atmosphere is needed in small group activities. 3) Students require training in listening to others. In a whole class discussion, a permissive atmosphere needs to be restricted somewhat in order to promote full and inclusive discussion. 4) Students should have a chance to practice induction and abduction methods in solving problems.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.203-206
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• 2013

Statistics is the science of data. As the foundation of scientific knowledge, data refers to evidentiary facts from the nature of reality by human action, observation, or experiment. Clinicians should be aware of the conditions of good data to support the validity of clinical modalities in reading scientific articles, one of the resources to revise or update their clinical knowledge and skills. The cause-effect link between clinical modality and outcome is ascertained as pattern statistic. The uniformity of nature guarantees the recurrence of data as the basic scientific evidence. Variation statistics are examined for patterns of recurrence. This provides information on the probability of recurrence of the cause-effect phenomenon. Multiple causal factors of natural phenomenon need a counterproof of absence in terms of the control group. A pattern of relation between a causal factor and an effect becomes recognizable, and thus, should be estimated as relation statistic. The type and meaning of each relation statistic should be well-understood. A study regarding a sample from the population of wide variations require clinicians to be aware of error statistics due to random chance. Incomplete human sense, coarse measurement instrument, and preconceived idea as a hypothesis that tends to bias the research, which gives rise to the necessity of keen critical independent mind with regard to the reported data.