• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.250-259
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to confirm that calcium intake and healthy status play a role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, to assure that calcium intake and regular exercise are important in reducing serum lipid levels in middle-aged women. Daily nutrient intakes were analyzed by convenient method. Anthropometric measurement such as body weight and height and blood pressure were measured. The subjects divided into two groups : women in group I under 50 years of age($\leq$49 yr group) and those in group II 50 years up($\geq$50 yr group). Average ages of group I and II were 43.87 and 53.46 years. The nutrients intake of subjects were higher than Korean recommended dietary allowances(KRDA) except calorie, iron, calcium, vitamin B1. They showed significant difference each other in vitamin B2(p<0.05), calcium(p<0.01) intake. Mean daily calcium intake was 540.88mg in $\leq$49 yr group and 519.50mg in $\geq$50 yr group. The levels of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, blood pressure, Atherogenic Index(AI), LDL/HDL and Cardiac Index(CI) were increased with age. The triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations and LDL/HDL in $\geq$50 yr group were significantly higher than those of $\leq$49 yr group. There was a highly significantly positive correlation between age and triglyceride, total cholesterol and Atherogenic Index(AI). Triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol concentration and Atherogenic Index(AI) were positively correlated with body weight and WHR(waist-hip ratio). Also ther was a significantly negative correlation between exercise and Cardiac Index(CI). Also a significantly negative correlation was found between Ca intake and LDL-cholesterol. Exercise and Cardiac Index(CI) also had a significantly negative relation. The results suggest that increased habitual physical activity and calcium intake should be recommended as a way of decreasing blood lipids and blood pressure in middle-aged women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.862-871
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• 1995

This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of ginseng intakes in modifying serum lipid profiles and plasma clotting factors. The participants in this study were 47 normal healthy volunteers(men 24, women 23) with an age range of 35-49 years and a mean age of 41 years residing in Taejon. Based on the diet intakes, subjects were classed into one of three groups : control, vegetarian, and ginseng consumed over 3-4 years. There was no significant difference in their physical characteristics. Dietary calorie intakes were not significantly different in subjects. The ratio of energy intake in the control and ginseng consumed group was 63-64% : 20-21% : 15-16%(Cho : Fat : Pro), but 70-73% : 13-14% :14-15%(Cho : Fat : Pro) in the vegetarians. The intakes of animal food in the vegetarian was significantly lower than the control and ginseng consumed group in men. The ratio of P/S(1.27) was the highest in the vegetarians. Venous blood samples were taken for serum lipid profiling, plasma clotting assay and platelet function. The concentration of serum triglyceride in the men ginseng group is significantly lower than those of the men control group. Serum lipid profiles values of the men ginseng group, such as total cholesterol and phospholipid were lower those of the men control group, but higher those of the men vegetarian group. the serum lipid profile in the women were not significant, but total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL cholesterol levels in the ginseng groups were low. The concentration of HDL cholesterol was not significantly different. Platelet cell count and platelet aggregation were low in the ginseng groups. APTT(Activated Partial thromboplastin time) was significantly elongated in ginseng groups in the normal range. In seems that the major beneficial effects of ginseng intakes in especially men were on the blood concentrations of triglyceride, total cholesterol and elongation of plasma clotting time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.98-103
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• 2002

The serum lipid-lowering effect of garlic was examined in hypercholesterolemic rats. The food intake was not significantly different by garlic powder supplementation. The inclusion of 1% garlic powder in a diets containing 1% cholesterol brought a reduction in the serum cholesterol and triglyceride. Liver lipids were not affected by the addition of l% garlic Powder in hypercholesterolemic rats. Earlier studies have suggested that the effect of garlic on serum cholesterol may be related to the sulfur-containing amino acids of products released during protein digestion. However, our results in rats fed garlic powder diet showed no specific effect on plasma free amino acid concentrations. In conclusion. this study clears shows that garlic intake is able to reduce the levels of serum cholesterol in hypercholesteroolemic rats. However, further studies have to be done in order to elucidate the mechanism underlying this phenomenon.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.212-218
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• 1994

The effects of dietary buckwheat vegetables on the in vitro HMG-CoA reductase activity and lipids profiles of serum and liver in rats were evaluated . Buckwheat vegetables were cultivated in the range of 1-15cm of the plant height and dried. The content of rutin in the dried vegetables did not varied largely with the differences in the height of the vegetables. The water extract from buckwheat vegetables activited in vitro HMG-CoA reductase, activity up to 150% of control. Male rats were fed on purified diets. supplemented with0.12% cholesterol, containing dried buckwheat vegetables(BWV, 5% of diet) or rutin 90.25% of diet) . Dietary BWV and rutin, compared with basal diet tended to decrease the concentration of serum cholesterol. The ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol were higher slightly in the rutin -fed group than in the other groups. The concentration of serum triacylglycerol was lower markedly in the rutin -fed groups than in the control groups, and BWV group being intermediate . The concentration of liver cholesterol was lower significantly in the BWV group than in the other groups. The results show an effective cholesterol-lowering action of buckwheat vegetables in serum and liver of rats fed on cholesterolemic diets. and that the hypocholesterolemic effects of buchwheat vegetables re not likely to be due to the modulation of the cholesterol synthesis rate.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.4 s.71
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• pp.613-618
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• 2005

We investigated the effect of chicory (Chicorium intybus) extract on triglyceride concentration and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) activity in rats. The effect of water-soluble extract of chicory fed at the $2.0\%\;and\;4.0\%(w/w)$ levels for 2 weeks on the concentration of serum triglyceride and the activity of hepatic microsomal riglyceride transfer protein (MTP) was investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The triglyceride concentrations in serum of the chicory extract fed groups were significantly lower than in the control group. MTP activity, known to be essential for the assembly/secretion of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, was also significantly lower in the chicory extract groups than in the control group. The concentrations of other lipids in serum and liver and the activity of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, the rate-limiting enzyme in triglyceride synthesis, showed no significant differences among in the chicory fed groups. These results indicate that dietary chicory extract decrease hepatic MTP activity and serum triglyceride concentration, and therefore reduces hepatic lipoprotein assembly and secretion.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of processed sulfur with red ginseng on streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats for expansion of processed sulfur internal application. Methods : We prepared red ginseng with non processed sulfur extracts(GS), red ginseng with processed sulfur I extracts(GPS I) and red ginseng with processed sulfur II extracts(GPS II). In the present study, we examined about contents of crdue saponin, antioxidant activity, $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and effects of STZ induced diabetic rats. Results : Contents of crude saponin increased by processed sulfur, and GPS II was shown highest contents in crude saponin and sulfur compared with another groups. Electron donating ability of GPS II was shown highest activity compared with GS and GPS I, SOD-like activity showed same tendency as electron donating ability at 1 $mg/m\ell$ concentration. Inhibitory activity of $\alpha$-glucosidase was approximately same level in acarbose and GPS II. Blood glucose level of GPS II group was decreased 18.34% compared with DC(diabetes control) group and maintained stability range in glucose level. but GS and GPS I showed high level compared to GPS II. Serum triglycerides concentration also showed lowest level in GPS II. The activity of ALT, AST and ALP was shown high level in diabetic induced groups, and lowest level in GPS II. Creatinine was shown non-significantly difference in each groups and GPS II was shown lowest level in BUN. Conclusions : These results suggested that processed sulfur with red ginseng have improvement effects on diabetes and internal application of processed sulfur with red ginseng have no specific toxicity in liver and kidney.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.117-130
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• 2015

Objective : This study was designed to investigate the effects of non fermented Zizyphus. jujuba mixture (mixed fruit and leaf : ZM) and fermented Z. jujuba mixture(FZM) on fed high-fat diet induced hyperlipidemic rats for development medicinal food. Method : The extracts prepared for Zizyphus. jujuba mixture(ZM) and fermented Z. jujuba mixture(FZM) with Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Experimental group was divided into normal control group(NC group) and high fat diet groups. The high fat diet groups fed high fat diet 2 weeks after was sub-divided into high fat diet control group(HC group), high fat diet positive control group(HPC group), non fermented Z. jujuba mixture extract group(ZM group) and fermented Z. jujuba mixture extract group(FZM group). NC and HC group was orally administerd of 0.9% saline, HPC group administerd lovastatin diluted in 0.9% saline at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW, ZM and FZM groups was administerd each extracts diluted in 0.9% saline at a dose of 300 mg/kg BW once a day on a fixed time for 4 weeks. In the present study we measured organ weight, epididymal fat tissue weight, concentration of serum lipids, hepatic lipids, MDA contents in liver tissue and metabolic variables in serum. Results : ZM and FZM suppressed testis weight loss and FZM decreased epididymal fat tissue weight to level of NC group in high-fat diets. ZM and FZM did not influence on serum cholesterol level, but prominently decreased serum triglyceride concentration compared with HC group, and FZM diminished hepatic triglyceride same as serum. ZM and FZM did not impair liver and kidney function and influence positive effects through by suppression of elevation lipid level. Conclusion : These results suggested that Z. jujuba mixture(ZM, FZM) should be useful developing medicinal food for prevention and improvement of hyperlipidemia and FZM is more suitable agent than ZM.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 1984

The study was performed to understand the effects of perilla and pine nut oils on hypercholesterolemia in cholesterol-fed male rats. All rats fed with the experimental diets for 3 weeks were decapitated to take serum. From the serum, the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, phospholipid, lipoprotein and glucose were measured, and the results were summarized as follows. 1. The experimental diets supplemented with perilla and pine nut did not influence on the body weight and on amount of food intake, but decreased significantly total cholesterol level by the rate of 22-30% 2. The perilla diets decreased the ${\beta}-/{\alpha}-lipoprotein$ value from 0.99 to 0.50-0.51, but the pine nut diets decreased to 0.68-0.69. 3. The 10% diets of perilla and pine nut decreased the triglyceride concentration by the rate of 11-14%, but it was not significant difference. 4. The perilla diets increased the HDL-cholesterol level by the rate of 53-72%, and the pine nut diets 72-92%, but both of these diets did not influence on the free cholesterol concentration. 5. The perilla diets decreased phospholipid concentration by the rate of 20-23%, but it was not significant difference. 6. The diets of 10% perilla and 5% pine nut decreased significantly the free fatty acid concentration by the rate of 48% and 34% respectively. 7. The diets of 10% perilla and pine nut decreased a little the glucose level, but it was not significant difference.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.684-692
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the effect of chongkukjang intake on lipid metabolism and liver function in ethanol consumed rats. Twenty one Sprague-Dawley male rats aging 4 weeks old were used as experimental animals, which were divided into three dietary groups; casein diet(CA), soybean diet(SB) and chongkukjang diet(CJ). Alcohol was consumed with water as 25%(v/v) ethanol solution. After 4 weeks of experimental period, rats were sacrificed to get blood and liver samples for analysis of lipids, lipid peroxides, antioxidative enzymes and biochemical indices of liver function. The mean body weight, food intake and liver index were not significantly different among three groups. Serum level of total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol of chongkukjang diet group was the lowest among three groups although the difference was not significant. HDL-cholesterol level was significantly(p<0.05) higher in chongkukjang diet group than that of casein diet group. LDL-cholesterol level of chongkukjang and soybean diet group was significantly(p<0.05) lower than that of casein diet group respectively. Liver TBARS of chongkukjang and soybean diet group was significantly(p<0.05) lower than that of casein diet group respectively. The superoxide dismutase activity of chongkukjang diet group was significantly(p<0.05) higher than that of casein diet group. Catalase activity was not significantly different among three groups. As indices of liver function, glutamic oxaloacetic transminase(GOT), glutamic pyruvic transminase(GPT), $\gamma$-glutamyl transpeptidase($\gamma$-GTP) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) were not significantly different among three groups. Serum alcohol concentration and activities of alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH) were not significantly different among three groups. The chongkukjang diet seems to give a beneficial effect for improving lipid metabolism by increasing HDL-cholesterol level and SOD activity while reducing liver TBARS level. However, effect on liver function has to be investigated further.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.3-7
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate nutritional status of school children by biochemical assessment method. Subjects were 308 school children from 4th to 6th grade living in Bucheon city. Their blood glucose, total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) concentrations were determined. Mean blood glucose concentration was 77.56 mg/dl and $81.2\%$ of children had normal blood glucose concentration. The average proportion of hypoglycemia was $18.8\%$ among the three grades and prevalence of hypoglycemia in 4th grade school children was highest ($21.8\%$). Mean serum total protein and albumin levels were 7.14g/dl and 4.35g/dl, respectively, and all the subjects except only one were in normal range of total protein and albumin. Mean serum TG and total cholesterol concentrations were 145.82mg/dl and 94.50mg/dl. Serum TG and total cholesterol levels showed same pattern that the concentrations decreased in proportion to grade. Especially, there was significant difference between grades in serum total cholesterol. Furthermore, $11.7\%$ of 4th, $6.8\%$ of 5th, and $2.8\%$ of 6th grade school children have borderline hypertriglycemia or hypertriglycemia, risk factors of obesity or cardiovascular disease later in life. Taken together, there was conflict phenomenon that undernutrition of hypertriglycemia and overnutrition of hypertriglycemia existed together. Therefore, it is needed to develop discriminating and personalized nutritional feeding, counseling, and education program to cover the children of under- or over- nutritional status.