• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.54-65
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• 2012

1. Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of TAM (Taraxacum mongolicum) on Th2 cytokine production in MC/9 mast cells. 2. Methods : The effects of TAM was analyzed by ELISA and Real-time PCR in MC/9 mast cells. Levels of IL-5, IL-13 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA). mRNA levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13 were analyzed with Real-time PCR. 3. Results : 1) TAM inhibited the IL-4 production significantly in comparison to PI-control group at concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, $200{\mu}g/ml$. 2) TAM inhibited the IL-13 production significantly in comparison to PI-control group at concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, $200{\mu}g/ml$. 3) TAM inhibited the IL-4 mRNA expression significantly in comparison to PI-control group at concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$. 4) TAM inhibited the IL-5 mRNA expression significantly in comparison to PI-control group at concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$. 5) TAM inhibited the IL-6 mRNA expression significantly in comparison to PI-control group at concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$. 6) TAM inhibited the IL-13 mRNA expression significantly in comparison to PI-control group at concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$. 4. Conclusions : These results indicate that TAM (Taraxacum mongolicum) has the effect of decreasing the Th2 cytokine production in the MC/9 mast cell.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2001

Sugar concentration, starch concentration, water content, and dry weight in fruit tissue of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) were investigated when the fruit growth was being restricted with ø43 mm and ø52 mm acrylic sleeves. Fruit fresh weight, dry weight, and water content of both the sleeve treatment fruits did not increase as much as those of control fruit did. The water content stopped increasing for treatment fruit of acrylic sleeves at fruit growth stage III. The total sugar concentration suddenly increased and then decreased to the level of control fruit in both acrylic sleeve treated fruit. At that time, starch concentration was not shown to be lower tendency than that of the control fruit, and dry matter percentage was not different between treatment fruit and control fruit. Therefore, the total sugar concentration increment at the growing fruit restricted with acrylic sleeves may be effective for water content decrement in fruit tissue.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.121-125
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• 2005

The present study was carried out to produce the hematological and blood chemical findings after hypophysectomy in rats. Hypophysectomy was performed by the parapharyngeal method and the sham surgery was performed for the control group. Two weeks after the operation, the body weight of the hypophysectomized and control rats was measured daily for 5 days. We deleted the rats the weight gain of which is less than 5 g during 5 days from the hypophysectomy group. The successful operation rate was approximately 40%. In the hypophysectomized and control rats, their blood samples were collected from posterior vena cava after celiotomy under generally anesthesia with ether. Hematological parameters such as erythrocyte count, leukocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit level, and platelet count were determined by Animal Blood Counter. The erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit level were lower significantly (p<0.01), and the leukocyte count was lower significantly (p<0.05) in hypophysectomy group compared with control group. But the plate count did not show significant difference (p>0.05) between hypophysectomy group and control group. Also, blood chemical parameters such as glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), aspartate animotransferase, albumin, total protein, cholesterol, calcium, and magnesium in serum were determined. Except BUN concentration, all parameters were not affected by hypophysectomy. But the BUN concentration was higher significantly (p<0.01) in hypophysectomy group compared with control group.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2015

A pot experiment was conducted to assess the effects of red pepper (Capsicum annuum) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum) on seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum). The aqueous extracts treatment of red pepper and coriander showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in root, shoot and seedling length, number of leaves and seedling dry weight of wheat (T. aestivum) as compared to control. The inhibitory different effect on growth of wheat (T. aestivum) was directly proportional to the increasing concentration (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5%) of aqueous extracts of red pepper and coriander as compared to control treatment (0%). The root, shoot, seedling length and number of leaves of T. aestivum significantly p < 0.05 decreased at 5% concentration of red pepper as compared to control. The root, shoot and seedling growth of T. aestivum was also significantly reduced at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% concentration of coriander as compared to control. The root, shoot and leaves dry weight of T. aestivum at 5% coriander extract treatment concentration decreased as compared to control. The tolerance in seedlings of T. aestivum to red pepper and coriander extract treatment was dose dependent as compared to control. The seedlings of T. aestivum showed low percentage of tolerance to pepper extract treatment than coriander extract treatment.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.98-103
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of flavone (20 mg/kg) on the pharmacokinetic parameters and the bioavailability of paclitaxel (40 mg/kg) orally coadministered in rats. The plasma concentration of paclitaxel in combination with flavone was increased significantly (coadministration p＜0.05, pretreatment p＜0.0l) compared to that of control. Area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AVC) of paclitaxel with flavone was significantly (coadministration p＜0.05, pretreatment p＜0.0l) higher than that of control. Peak concentration (Cmax) of paclitaxel with flavone were significantly increased (coadministration p＜0.05, pretreatment p＜0.01) compared to that of control. Time to peak concentration (Tmax) of paclitaxel with flavone decreased significantly (p＜0.05) than that of control. The total body clearance (CLt) and elimination rate constant ($\beta$) of paclitaxel with flavone were significantly reduced (p＜0.05) compared to those of control. Half-life (t$_{1}$2/) of paclitaxel with flavone was significantly prolonged (p＜0.05) compared to that of control. Based on these results, it might be concluded that flavone may enhance bioavailability of paclitaxel through the inhibition of cytochrome P450 and P-glycoprotein, which are engaged in paclitaxel absorption and metabolism in liver and gastrogintestinal mucosa, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.86-88
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• 2001

An experiment was conducted to determine how broiler performance, feces and litter concentration of N can be maintained and whether NH3 gas concentration can be reduced with reducing dietary CP, adding ALUM(AL2(SO4)3.14H20) in litter and supplementing with amino acid and vitamin D in feed. The experiment was divided into a starter period(1 to 21d) and grower period(22 to 42d), each having three different CP with 90 birds per treatment of 3 replications. The CP treatments consisted of a mean CP of 23.0(control 71), 20.4 (72) and 18.0 (73) % for starter and 21.0(control 71),19.3 (72) and 17.0 (73) % for grower, respectively, but with similar amino acid levels as the control. Alum was mixed in each treatment except control treatment with 200g in kilogram litter(rice bran) weight. Results suggested that reducing CP below control in the diets fed during 3wks and 6wks slightly increased feed gain and slightly decreased feed intake and weight gain. However, there were no significant difference among treatments. Reducing CP caused NH3 gas concentration to decline by 74.8 - 80.9% when Alum was mixed in litter(P < 0.05). Litter N concentration did not show any difference(P > 0.05) among treatments. These results suggest that dietary manipulation with adding Alum in litter show for significant reducing NH3 gas concentration while maintaining acceptable Production performance from broiler.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2012

Objectives: High concentrations of airborne particulate matters (PM) can affect the health of passengers using public transportation. The objectives of this research were to develop a PM control system for a railway cabin and to evaluate the performance of the device under conditions of an actual journey. Methods: This study measured the concentrations of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ simultaneously in a reference cabin and a cabin with the PM control device. Results: The average $PM_{10}$ concentration in the reference cabin was 100 ${\mu}g/m^3$, and the $PM_{10}$ concentration in the cabin with the control device was 79 ${\mu}g/m^3$. While the overall control efficiency of the control device was 15.4%, reduction was more effective for peak $PM_{10}$ concentration. However, $PM_{2.5}$ levels did not differ greatly between the reference cabin and the cabin with the control device. The ratio of $PM_{2.5}$ to $PM_{10}$ was 0.37. $PM_{10}$ concentrations in cabins were not associated with ambient concentrations, indicating that the main sources of $PM_{10}$ were present in cabins. Additionally, average $CO_2$ concentration in the cabins was 1,359 ppm, less than the maximum of 2,000 ppm set out by the Korean Ministry of Environment's guideline. The $CO_2$ concentration in cabins was significantly associated with the number of passengers: the in-cabin concentration = $23.4{\times}N+460.2$, where N is the number of passengers. Conclusions: Application of the PM control device can improve $PM_{10}$ concentration, especially at peak levels but not $PM_{2.5}$ concentration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 1993.06a
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• pp.1366-1369
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• 1993

This paper presents a simulation study on two self-learning control systems for a fuzzy prediction model of CO (carbon monoxide) concentration:linear control and fuzzy control. The self-learning control systems are realized by using Widrow-Hoff learning rule which is a basic learning method in neural networks. Simulation results show that the learning efficiency of fuzzy controller is superior to that of linear controller.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.62-66
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• 2009

The control of particle concentration distribution in a pipe with an orifice and a sheath air is numerically investigated. When using Eulerian approach, there is no great change in the concentration distribution by the shape of orifice and molecular diffusivity. As the Reynolds number becomes small, the effect of orifice on the concentration distribution is decreased. For small Reynolds number, the concentration distribution can be effectively controlled by using a sheath air. The effect of the sheath air on the concentration distribution is increased, as the Reynolds number becomes small.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.25-31
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• 2000

In order to assess the accumulation levels of cadmium and other metals(Zn, Cu, Ca and Fe) in fish bodies, an experimental study was performed by raising fry of "Oryzias latipes" in the water containing cadmium 0.03 ppm, cadmium 0.03 ppm + zinc 0.03 ppm and in the tap water(control group) were made. In the results the concentration of Cd in fish bodies were increased with advancing exposure time in Cd 0.03 ppm treated group and 0.03 ppm + Zn 0.03 ppm treated group, but there was no significantly different between both groups with Cd concentration in each week. The concentration of Zn in fish bodies was no changed with advancing exposure time in control group and Cd 0.03 ppm + Zn 0.03 ppm treated group were significantly different from control and Cd 0.03 ppm treated group. The concentration of Cu, Ca and Fe in fish bodies were increased with advancing exposure time, and control group was higher than any other groups. Simple correlation analysis showed that the positive correlation between Cd and Zn, Cu and Ca, Fe, Ca and Fe, but Cd was negative correlation with Cu, Ca and Fe. In conclusion, we investigated a tendency that the concentration of Cd and Zn in fish bodies tended to increase with the lapse of time, but Cu was unchanged and those of Ca and Fe were decreased in administrating the trace dose of Cd and Zn in water. in water.