• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.273-281
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• 2012

This study was conducted for the establishment of the analytical method of pesticide residues in rice straw for 9 pesticides; etofenprox, tricyclazole, diazinon, edifenphos, propiconazole, carbaryl, carbofuran, 3-hydroxy carbofuran and 3-keto carbofuran and for the monitoring of these pesticides in rice straw for livestock feed in Korea. These pesticides were classified into 4 groups according to analytical instrument condition. Group 1 (HPLC-UVD1) included tricyclazole and etofenprox while group 2 (HPLC-UVD2) included propiconazole and edifenphos. Group 3 (HPLC-FLD) included carbaryl, carbofuran, 3-hydroxy carbofuran and 3-keto carbofuran. Group 4 (GC-NPD) included Diazinon. The dried rice straw samples were extracted with acetone and purified by liquid-liquid partition and solid phase extraction (SPE): Combination of Florisil SPE and amino-propyl SPE was used for group 1 and group 2, amino-propyl SPE for group 3, and Florisil SPE was for group 4. Recovery was in the ranged 70~110% and the limits of quantitation (LOQ) were lower than the half of maximum residue limits. Therefore this method was proved to be efficient for monitoring of these pesticides residue in rice straw. A total of 18 rice straw samples from 6 provinces in Korea in 2010 were analyzed using established method and, only 3-keto carbofuran was detected in one sample at concentration of 0.04 mg/kg.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.227-232
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• 2007

Purpose: To investigate the flavopiridol effect on radiation-induced apoptosis and expression of apoptosisrelated genes of human laryngeal and lung cancer cells. Materials and Methods: A human laryngeal cancer cell line, AMC-HN3 and a human lung cancer cell line, NCI-H460, were used in the study. The cells were divided into four groups according to the type of treatment: 1) control groups; 2) cells that were only irradiated; 3) cells treated only with flavopiridol; 4) cells treated with flavopiridol and radiation simultaneously. The cells were irradiated with 10 Gy of X-rays using a 4 MV linear accelerator. Flavopiridol was administered to the media at a concentration of 100 nM for 24 hours. We compared the fraction of apoptotic cells of each group 24 hours after the initiation of treatment. The fraction of apoptotic cells was detected by measurement of the sub-G1 fractions from a flow cytometric analysis. The expression of apoptosis-regulating genes, including cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase), p53, p21, cyclin D1, and phosphorylated Akt (protein kinase B) were analyzed by Western blotting. Results: The sub-G1 fraction of cells was significantly increased in the combination treatment group, as compared to cells exposed to radiation alone or flavopiridol alone. Western blotting also showed an increased expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP expression in cells of the combination treatment group, as compared with cells exposed to radiation alone or flavopiridol alone. Treatment with flavopiridol down regulated cyclin 01 expression of both cell lines but its effect on p53 and p21 expression was different according to each individual cell line. Flavopiridol did not affect the expression of phophorylated Akt in both cell lines. Conclusion: Treatment with flavopiridol increased radiation-induced apoptosis of both the human laryngeal and lung cancer cell lines. Flavopiridol effects on p53 and p21 expression were different according to the individual cell line and it did not affect Akt activation of both cell lines.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.114-118
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• 2006

A study on bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of florfenicol was conducted in broilers following a single intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) doses of 20 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Florfenicol concentrations in plasma were determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Plasma concentration-time data after i.v. administration were analyzed by a non-compartmental analysis. Following i.v. injection, the total body clearance was $0.74{\pm}0.25L/kg/h$ and the volume of distribution at steady-state was $1.16{\pm}0.19L/kg$. Florfenicol was rapidly distributed and eliminated following i.v. injection with $1.15{\pm}1.06h$ of elimination half-life. After oral administration, the calculated $C_{max}$ values ($8.18{\pm}0.97{\mu}g/mL$) were reached at $1.33{\pm}0.29h$ in broilers. The elimination half-life of florfenicol was $1.31{\pm}0.27h$ and the absolute bioavailability (F) was 75.46% after oral administration of florfenicol. Florfenicol amine, a major metabolite of florfenicol, was detected in all broilers after i.v. and p.o. administration of florfenicol. The observed $C_{max}$ values of florfenicol amine ($3.96{\pm}2.60\;and\;2.22{\pm}1.71{\mu}g/mL$) were reached at $0.16{\pm}0.19\;and\;1.61{\pm}1.02h$ after i.v. and p.o. administration of florfenicol, respectively. Florfenicol amine was eliminated with $1.88{\pm}0.39\;and\;2.64{\pm}1.39h$ of the elimination half-life after i.v. and p.o. administration of florfenicol, respectively.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.255-258
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• 2015

Gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) is an acute and life-threatening disease most commonly affecting large- and giant-breed dogs. However a 17-year-old Shih-tzu (4 kg, spayed female) was hospitalized for acute GDV. Repeated unproductive retching, lethargy, and excessively enlarged abdomen were observed. Physical examination indicated that the patient had suffered from hypothermia ($36.5^{\circ}C$), tachycardia (240 bpm), slowed capillary refill time (> 2 sec.), and pale mucous membrane. Grade III murmur with normal lung sound was auscultated. Abdominal palpation revealed that tympanic regions existed in both the left and right sides. Systolic blood pressure decreased gradually from 220 to 40 mmHg within 4 hours. In blood analysis, slight azotemia was observed by blood urea nitrogen (BUN; 29.1 mg/dl) and creatinine (1.6 mg/dl). Blood lactate concentration (8.13 mmol/l) was severely elevated. Additionally, dilatation and volvulus of the stomach was observed by radiograph. Supportive oxygen, heat, fluid, and drugs were administered with gastric decompressions (e.g., gastrocentesis and nasogastric tube). However the patient entered into comatose status with uncontrollable systolic blood pressure, despite the administration of dobutamine intravenously. The case was closed by euthanasia, considering welfare and age. We finally diagnosed the patient as a GDV, thus this is the first GDV case report in small-breed dog such as Shih-tzu.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.78-86
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• 2002

Abundance, carbon biomass and chlorophyll a concentration of each size-fractionated plankton on the basis of trophical level were investigated in terms of spacial and temporal distribution, and interactions between each biological parameter and environmental factors in Jungmun coastal waters of Jeju Island from July 1999 to June 2000. Heterotrophic picoplankton (HPP) abundance averaged 1.4${\times}$$10^{6}$ cells ${\cdot}$ $ml^{-1}$ at of offshore and 8.3${\times}$$10^{5}$ cells ${\cdot}$ $ml^{-1}$ at inshore, while autotrophic picoplankton (APP) abundance 9.9${\times}$$10^{4}$ cells ${\cdot}$ $ml^{-1}$ at of offshore and 7.1${\times}$$10^{4}$ cells ${\cdot}$ $ml^{-1}$ at inshore. They were more abundant at of offshore than at inshore, and also more abundant than the other areas of Korean waters. On the other hand, heterotrophic and autotrophic nanoplankton (HNP, ANP) were more abundant at inshore than at of offshore. Microplankton (AMP) abundance was affected by diatom (r=0.962, P${\le}$0.001) at inshore and by dinoflagellate (r=0.868, P${\le}$0.001) at of offshore. However correlations between each plankton group in terms of size and trophic level were not significant. Carbon biomass showed as same as the distribution pattern of abundance, but composition percentage of each biomass of plankton group were quite different from that of abundance, representing the highest percentage in ANP. Seasonal fluctuation of chlorophyll a were different according to size class, showing the highest with 0.42 ${\mu}g$CHl-${\alpha}$${\cdot}$$1^{-1}$(57.9%) of APP in March 2000, 1.42 ${\mu}g$CHl-${\alpha}$${\cdot}$$1^{-1}$(74.7%) of ANP in May 2000, and 1.51 ${\mu}g$CHl-${\alpha}$${\cdot}$$1^{-1}$(81.8%) of AMP in July 1999. Correlation between biological parameters and environmental factors by principle component analysis revealed that the first factor as main explanation is the increasing of phosphorus and silica and the increasing of the at both of offshore and inshore. The N:P ratio were 36.4 at inshore and 32.6 at of offshore, showing the lack of phosphorus. Thus we suggest that phosphorus might be a main limiting factor to affect phytoplankton community in the study area.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

Recently the increasing of vinyl and green houses and development of reclaimed land including Saemangeum induced the need for breeding salt-tolerant crops which can survive and grow in high salinity soil. So we try to develop salt-tolerant transgenic chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum.) lines by using anti-porter gene TANHX and HVNHX. Through marker selection and plant regeneration step, we could get 284 putative transgenic chrysanthemum lines. On selected putative transgenic plants, 40 candidates were used for genetic analysis and 30 lines could be made up of target size band on PCR, so about 75% of marker selected lines were decided as real transgenic lines. Selected 284 transgenic lines were also used for salt-tolerance test as a range of NaCl 0.2 ~ 1.2% (300 mM). As a result of salt-tolerance test, 15 selected transgenic lines could live and grow on the continuous supply of 0.8% (200 mM) NaCl solution and another 7 lines were could survive under 1.2% (300 mM) NaCl solution. This salt-tolerant transgenic lines under salt stress also lead a cell alternation especially a guard cell. A stressed guard cell be swelled and grow larger in proportion to NaCl concentration. TTC test for cell viability on transgenic chrysanthemum lines pointed out that more strong salt-tolerant lines can be live more than another under same salt stress. The numerical value of strong salt-tolerant 7 transgenic lines were 0.206 ~ 0.331 under 1.2% NaCl stress, and then it's value is more larger than middle salinity lines' 0.114 ~ 0.193 and non-transgenic's 0.046. And the proline contents as indicated stress compound also pointed out that HVNHX introduced salt-tolerant transgenic lines were less stressed than other under same salt stress. The contents of strong salt-tolerant transgenic lines were 2.255 ~ 2.638 mg/kg and it is much higher than that of middle salinity lines' 1.496 ~ 2.125.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.1 s.41
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• pp.110-125
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• 1993

This study was designed to determine whether non-violent criminal and normal control on the basis of concentration of levels of trace mineral and toxic metal by analysis of human scalp hair. The subjects were selected 87 nonviolent criminal from a prison population and 120 normal control from periodic health checks for study. Hair samples were taken from the napes and Minnesota Multiple Personality Inventory (MMPI) was performed also. Five trace mineral (Zn, Cu, Mg, Fe, Na) and two toxic metal (lead, cadmium) contents were determined by an atomic absorption spectrometer. The contents of zinc and magnesium in hair of non-violent criminal were significantly lower than the control group (p<0.01). In the case of lead and cadimum, mean value of criminal group was significantly higher than control group. Significantly higher T-score of MMPI was seen in non-violent criminal group fur psychopathic deviate (Pd), paranoia scale (Pa), and Mania scale (Ma) than control group, but T-score of depression scale (D) was significantly higher in the control group. In the non-violent criminal group, the content of copper inversely proportion to T-score of Hs, D, Hy, Pd, Mf, Pa, Pt, Sc, Si except Ma, also Zinc inversely proportion to T-score of Hy, Mf, Pa, Pt. These results suggest that difference of some hair mineral contents exist between criminal and normal control group. Thus further studies are necessary to determine whether violent and nonviolent criminal group attributed biochemical imbalance with carefully constructed and controlled studies.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.370-376
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• 2014

Although the grasshopper Oxya chinensis sinuosa has long been used as food in Korea, there is little data on its functional effects. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of O. c. sinuosa ethanol extract (OCE) in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for induction of inflammation. First, we determined that there is no cytotoxicity at $2,000{\mu}g/ml$ or less of OCE in RAW 264.7 cells. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of OCE, we investigated expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ and interleukin (IL)-6, and pro-inflammatory enzymes such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, we examined whether OCE could inhibit translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 into the nucleus in LPS induced RAW 264.7 cells. As a result, we found that the mRNA and protein levels of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 decreased in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells after treatment with OCE in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, we confirmed a $2,000{\mu}g/ml$ concentration of OCE inhibited translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 by immunnostaining and Western blot analysis, and a decrease in the protein expression levels of iNOS and COX-2. Accordingly, we suppose that OCE has an anti-inflammatory effect through down-regulation of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, iNOS, and COX-2 related to ${\kappa}B$ p65 inflammatory signaling pathways.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.350-363
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• 2009

Inter- and intra-specific differences in removal activities, filtering rates (FR) and production of feces-and pseudo-feces (PF) between a native freshwater bivalve in Korea, Anodonta woodiana Lea and Unio douglasiae Griffith et Pidgeon, were compared using a continuous removal of organic matters (CROM) system. The CROM system comprised five steps; input of polluted water, control of water flow, mussel treatment, analysis of water quality and discharge of clean water. The study was designed to compare the removal activity of organic matters between A. woodiana and U. douglasiae, and the intra-specific differences between density and length in A. woordiana. Results clearly indicate that two kinds of mussels had obvious removal activities of seston in the eutrophic reservoir. First, if both are similar in shell length, there were no significant inter-specific differences in removal activity between A. woordiana and U. douglasiae (P>0.5), but FRs of U. douglasiae was relatively high due to low ash-fee dry weight. Second, if both are same in animal density, the smaller mussels (1$\sim$2 years old) showed a higher filtering rate and production of feces- and pseudo-feces and less release of ammonium than the larger mussels. Third, if both are same in biomass, FRs and PF of mussels were higher in the low-density tank than the high-density tank, While the Concentration of $NH_4$-N and $PO_4$-P released WRS similar to each other (P>0.5). Therefore, these results suggest that CROM system using a young bivalve A. woordiana can be applied to control the nuisance seston in eutrophic lake system, if a relevant species and density were selected. Additional pilot tests to optimize the age and density of domestic bivalves were needed for the generalization of CROM operation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2004

The root of Stnchys Sieboldif MIQ was extracted three times with methanol and extract was found to contain 3.02% of polyphenols and 1.97% of flavonoids. DPPH radical scavenging method, ferric thiocyanate method, and nitrite scavenging ability method were employed to investigate the constituents of the extract and to measure their activity on antioxidation. The fraction extracted by ethylacetate showed higher anti oxidation value than that of $\alpha-tocopherol$, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at the same concentration. UV-VIS spectral data of the extract by ethylacetate that was isolated on a silica gel column proved adsorption maxima in the range of 280∼330 nm. The fraction ES-RS that has $\lambda_{max}(nm)$ of band 1, 325nm and band II, 289nm exhibitd the strongest activity on antioxidation. ES-R5 fraction showed similar pattern to flavones by the analysis of UV-VIS spectral data.