• 제목/요약/키워드: Computation Skills

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Systems Biology and Emerging Technologies Will Catalyze the Transition from Reactive Medicine to Predictive, Personalized, Preventive and Participatory (P4) Medicine

  • Galas, David J.;Hood, Leroy
    • Interdisciplinary Bio Central
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    • 제1권2호
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    • pp.6.1-6.4
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    • 2009
  • We stand at the brink of a fundamental change in how medicine will be practiced. Over the next 5-20 years medicine will move from being largely reactive to being predictive, personalized, preventive and participatory (P4). Technology and new scientific strategies have always been the drivers of revolutions and this is certainly the case for P4 medicine, where a systems approach to disease, new and emerging technologies and powerful computational tools will open new windows for the investigation of disease. Systems approaches are driving the emergence of fascinating new technologies that will permit billions of measurements on each individual patient. The challenge for health information technology will be how to reduce this enormous amount of data to simple hypotheses about health and disease. We predict that emerging technologies, together with the systems approaches to diagnosis, therapy and prevention will lead to a down turn in the escalating costs of healthcare. In time we will be able to export P4 medicine to the developing world and it will become the foundation of global medicine. The "democratization" of healthcare will come from P4 medicine. Its first real emergence will require the unprecedented integration of biology, medicine, technology and computation. as well as societal issues of major importance: ethical, regulatory, public policy, economic, and others. In order to effectively move the P4 scientific agenda forward new strategic partnerships are now being created with the large-scale integration of complementary skills, technologies, computational tools, patient records and samples and analysis of societal issues. It is evident that the business plans of every sector of the healthcare industry will need to be entirely transformed over the next 10 years.and the extent to which this will be done by existing companies as opposed to newly created companies is a fascinating question.

초등학생들의 비구조화된 문제 해결 과정에서 나타나는 공간 추론 능력과 문제 해결 능력 (An analysis of spatial reasoning ability and problem solving ability of elementary school students while solving ill-structured problems)

  • 최주연;김민경
    • 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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    • 제60권2호
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    • pp.133-157
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    • 2021
  • 본 연구에서는 학생들의 생활과 밀접한 공간을 기반으로 한 비구조화된 문제를 개발하고 수업에 적용하였다. 이 과정에서 6학년 학생들의 공간 추론 능력으로는 외적 추론에 비해 내적 추론에서 어려움을 표했으며, 공간 추론이 수와 연산, 측정 등의 영역과 연계되어 활용될 때 그 수준이 더 높게 나타났다. 문제 해결 능력에서는 반성 요소가 미흡하게 나타났으며 초등 현장에서 온라인 환경에서의 협력과 수학적 모델링 학습이 적용 가능하다는 결과를 얻었다. 이를 통해 수학 교육 현장에 공간 학습과 실생활 문제 해결에 관한 의미 있는 시사점을 도출할 것으로 기대된다.

산업공학 전공 교과목 강의를 위한 파이썬 프로그래밍 활용: 경제성공학 교육 사례 연구 (Using Python Programming Language for Teaching Industrial Engineering Subjects: A Case Study on Engineering Economy)

  • 조용규
    • 실천공학교육논문지
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.245-258
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    • 2022
  • 본 논문에서는 산업공학의 전통적인 전공 교과목을 강의할 때 현 시점 산업계 및 학계에서 가장 활용도가 높은 프로그래밍 언어인 파이썬 언어를 분석 도구로 활용하는 것을 제안한다. 사례 연구로서 공학 프로젝트의 경제성을 분석할 수 있는 역량을 길러주는 전공 교과목인 경제성공학을 채택하였으며, 파이썬에서 다양한 재무함수를 구현한 라이브러리인 numpy-financial를 포함하여 간단한 연산 및 수치 해석을 위한 numpy와 scipy, 시각화를 위한 matplotlib 라이브러리를 주로 활용하였다. 익명의 수강생들을 대상으로 강의의 만족도를 조사한 결과 본 논문에서 제안하는 교육 방식이 교육 만족도와 강의 전달력 측면에서 우수한 성과를 보였고, 경제성공학 뿐 아니라 다른 전통적인 산업공학 과목에 대해서도 전공 학생들의 추가적인 수요가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

Changes in Research Paradigms in Data Intensive Environments

  • Minsoo Park
    • International journal of advanced smart convergence
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    • 제12권4호
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    • pp.98-103
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    • 2023
  • As technology advanced dramatically in the late 20th century, a new era of science arrived. The emerging era of scientific discovery, variously described as e-Science, cyberscience, and the fourth paradigm, uses technologies required for computation, data curation, analysis, and visualization. The emergence of the fourth research paradigm will have such a huge impact that it will shake the foundations of science, and will also have a huge impact on the role of data-information infrastructure. In the digital age, the roles of data-information professionals are becoming more diverse. As eScience emerges as a sustainable and growing part of research, data-information professionals and centeres are exploring new roles to address the issues that arise from new forms of research. The functions that data-information professionals and centeres can fundamentally provide in the e-Science area are data curation, preservation, access, and metadata. Basically, it involves discovering and using available technical infrastructure and tools, finding relevant data, establishing a data management plan, and developing tools to support research. A further advanced service is archiving and curating relevant data for long-term preservation and integration of datasets and providing curating and data management services as part of a data management plan. Adaptation and change to the new information environment of the 21st century require strong and future-responsive leadership. There is a strong need to effectively respond to future challenges by exploring the role and function of data-information professionals in the future environment. Understanding what types of data-information professionals and skills will be needed in the future is essential to developing the talent that will lead the transformation. The new values and roles of data-information professionals and centers for 21st century researchers in STEAM are discussed.

Self-Efficacy as a Predictor of Self-Care in Persons with Diabetes Mellitus: Meta-Analysis

  • Lee, Hyang-Yeon
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제29권5호
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    • pp.1087-1102
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    • 1999
  • Diabetes mellitus, a universal and prevalent chronic disease, is projected to be one of the most formidable worldwide health problems in the 21st century. For those living with diabetes, there is a need for self-care skills to manage a complex medical regimen. Self-efficacy which refers to one's belief in his/her capability to monitor and perform the daily activities required to manage diabetes has be found to be related to self-care. The concept of self-efficacy comes from social cognitive theory which maintains that cognitive mechanism mediate the performance of behavior. The literature cites several research studies which show a strong relationship between self-efficacy and self-care behavior. Meta-analysis is a technique that enables systematic review and quantitative integration of the results from multiple primary studies that are relevant to a particular research question. Therefore, this study was done using meta-analysis to quantitatively integrate the results of independent research studies to obtain numerical estimates of the overall effect of a self-efficacy with diabetic patient on self-care behaviors. The research proceeded in three stages : 1) literature search and retrieval of studies in which self-efficacy was related to self-care, 2) coding, and 3) calculation of mean effect size and data analysis. Seventeen studies which met the research criteria included study population of adults with diabetes, measures of self-care and measures of self-efficacy as a predictive variable. Computation of effect size was done on DSTAT which is a statistical computer program specifically designed for meta-analysis. To determine the effect of self-efficacy on self-care practice homogeneity tests were conducted. Pooled effect size estimates, to determine the best subvariable for composite variables, metabolic control variables and component of self-efficacy and self-care, indicated that the effect of self-efficacy composite on self-care composite was moderate to large. The weighted mean effect size of self-efficacy composite and self-care composite were +.76 and the confidence interval was from +.66 to +.86 with the number of subjects being 1,545. The total for this meta-analysis result showed that the weighted mean effect sizes ranged from +.70 to +1.81 which indicates a large effect. But since reliabilities of the instruments in the primary studies were low or not stated, caution must be applied in unconditionally accepting the results from these effect sizes. Meta-analysis is a useful took for clarifying the status of knowledge development and guiding decision making about future research and this study confirmed that there is a relationship between self-efficacy and self-care in patients with diabetes. It, thus, provides support for nurses to promote self-efficacy in their patients. While most of the studies included in this meta-analysis used social cognitive theory as a framework for the study, some studies use Fishbein & Ajzen's attitude model as a model for active self-care. Future research is needed to more fully define the concept of self-care and to determine what it is that makes patients feel competent in their self-care activities. The results of this study showed that self-efficacy can promote self-care. Future research is needed with experimental design to determine nursing interventions that will increase self-efficacy.

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초등수학에서 연산영역의 곤란도 분석 (A Degree of Difficulty in Operations Area in Elementary Mathematics)

  • 안병곤
    • 한국초등수학교육학회지
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.17-30
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    • 2009
  • 초등수학교육에서 처음 시작되는 사칙연산은 학교수학에서 매우 중요하다. 이 사칙연산에 대한 학습내용과 그에 대한 학생들의 학습결과를 알아보았다. 학습결과에 대한 신뢰도를 높이기 위해 교과서의 단원별 평가 문항에 나타난 결과를 조사하고 분석하였다. 이 자료를 바탕으로 단원별 평가문항에 대한 곤란도와 곤란도가 낮은 문항의 학습내용을 구체적으로 분석하였다. 분석결과는 초등학교에서 연산영역의 학습내용에 대하여 대부분의 학생들은 잘 이해하나 곱셈과 나눗셈에 대한 정확한 개념과 관계 그리고 체계적인 나눗셈의 원리지도와 문장제에 대한 더 많은 지도가 필요함을 보였다. 또 교과서의 학습내용에 대한 곤란도의 기준은 교과의 특성과 학생들의 수준 그리고 지역에 따라 다양하게 제시하는 것이 바람직하게 생각되었다.

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