• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.97-108
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to propose a product planning and design direction for smart fitness wear that will improve the impact of personal training based on researching the requirements of smart fitness wear and its acceptance level, as well as the functional demand. The study conducted in-depth interviews with professional fitness trainers and derived five categories and thirteen keywords by analyzing the categorical data analysis using the interview data. In addition, we surveyed general consumers to measure the acceptance level of smart fitness wear and the functional demand for product development. The results revealed that the difference in the acceptance level of smart fitness wear generally depended on the characteristics related to exercise involvement and exercise-related culture rather than on the demographic characteristics. With regard to the difference in the functional demand of smart fitness wear, the results showed that professional trainers focused on the scientific improvement of the effect of exercise while general consumers focused on the function that considers the sustainability of exercise. Based on the results, we proposed product planning and design directions such as 'mounting of heart rate sensing, muscle activity sensing, motion angle or posture sensing, and motion sensing', 'development of concepts and contents for expert line, ordinary line', 'compression wear design', and 'differentiation of product development according to exercise areas'.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.521-530
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• 2015

Design of fiber reinforced ultra-high strength concrete members should be verified with analytical or experimental methods for safety. Members with compressive strength larger than limitation of current design code usually be designed with analytical verification using stress-strain relation of concrete and reinforcements. For this purpose, mechanical characteristics of steel fiber reinforced ultra-high strength concrete were defined under uniaxial compression. Mix proportions of test specimens were based on reactive powder concrete and straight steel fibers were mixed with different volume fraction. Compressive strength of matrix were distributed from 80 MPa to 200 MPa. Effect of fiber inclusion were investigated : increase of compressive strength of concrete, elastic modulus and strain corresponding to peak stress. For the wide range application of investigation, previously tested test specimens were collected and used for investigation and estimation equation. Based on the investigation and evaluation of previous research results and estimation equation of mechanical characteristics of concrete, regression equations were suggested.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.309-314
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• 2002

Safflower Yangengs were prepared with composite dried powder of small red bean(Phaseolus radiatus L.) containing various ratios of safflower(Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed powder sifted through 20, 35, 45 and 60 mesh size and kinds of mixed water, their cooking characteristics were evaluated. Water content and water activity of cooked products were increased as the content and sieve mesh number of safflower seed powder increasing from 5%, 20 mesh to 20%, 60mesh, respectively. Color values of yangeng were increased in green tea extract mixed water. Rheological properties of yangengs were measured by compression test with texture analyzer, as results, hardness and fracturability increased that were shown in high content and high mesh number sifted safflower seed powder, but adhesiveness and springiness decreased, respectively. From the sensory evaluation test for yangeng, sensory scores were good scores in more mesh number sifted powder addition, especially overall acceptance, texture and fracturability. The 45mesh and 15% powder added yangeng was noted as having high sensory scores and preferable acceptability in sensory evaluation.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.610-618
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• 2001

This paper investigates the relationships between dynamic elastic modulus and static elastic modulus or compressive strength according to curing temperature, aging, and cement type. Based on this investigation, the new model of the relationships we proposed. Impact echo method estimates the resonant frequency of specimens and uniaxial compression test measures the static elastic modulus and compressive strength. Type I and V cement concretes, which have the water-cement ratios of 0.40 and 0.50, are cured under the isothermal curing temperatures of 10, 23, and 50$\^{C}$ Cement type and aging have no large influence on the relationship between dynamic and static elastic modulus, but the ratio of dynamic and static elastic modulus comes close to 1 as temperature increases. Initial chord elastic modulus which is calculated at lower strain level of stress-strain curve, has the similar value to dynamic elastic modulus. The relationship between dynamic elastic modulus and compressive strength has the same tendency as the relationship between dynamic and static elastic modulus according to cement type, temperature and aging. The proposcd relationship equations between dynamic elastic modulus and static elastic modulus or compressive strength properly estimates the variation of relationships according to cement type md temperature.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.169-176
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• 2011

In this study, the flexural test for reinforced high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites (R/HPFRCC) members has been conducted in order to investigate the flexural behavior including the effect of an ordinary tensile reinforcing bar. Through the test, it was observed that the flexural strength increased due to the stable tensile stress transfer of HPFRCC, even up to the ultimate state. In addition, no localized crack appeared until the yielding of the reinforcement. From the layered section analysis of the tested members, it was found that the analysis with the tensile model obtained from the tension stiffening test showed better agreement with the flexural test results, whereas the analysis with direct tension test results overestimated the flexural capacity. Through the experimental and analytical studies, two flexural failure modes have been defined in this paper; concrete crushing at the top compression layer or tensile failure at the bottom tensile layer of the beam section. Based on these two flexural failure modes, a simple formula that estimates the ultimate flexural strength of the member has been proposed in this paper. The proposed equations can be useful in a design and an analysis of R/HPFRCC members.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.159-174
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• 2008

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether cortical punching could stimulate the expression of OPG, RANK, and RANKL during tooth movement by immunohistochemistry. Methods: 34 sprague-dawley rats (15 weeks old) were allocated into 3 groups: TMC group (experimental group; Tooth Movement with Corticotomy, n = 16), TM group (control group; Tooth Movement only group, n = 16), and non-treatment group (n = 2). 20 gm of orthodontic force was applied to rat incisors by inserting elastic bands. The duration of force application was 1, 4, 7 and 14 days. A microscrew (diameter 1.2 mm) was used for cortical punching of the palatal side of the upper incisors in the TMC group. Results: Distributions of OPG, RANK, and RANKL were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. OPG, RANK and RANKL were observed on experimental and control groups. On the compression side, the degree of the expression of OPG decreased in both groups. The expression of RANK was most prominent in the experimental group of day 4. The expression of RANKL was most intensive and extensive in the experimental group of day 7. However, the expression of OPG was decreased in the experimental and control groups compared to the non treatment group. The expression of OPG, RANK and RANKL after force application were decreased at day 14. Conclusions: These findings suggested that cortical punching might stimulate remodeling of alveolar bone during a 2 week period of tooth movement without any pathologic change.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1994

In order to prepare SPI tofu without compression step, amounts of water added to SPI suspension was studied for textural properties of uncompressed SPI tofu prepared by first heating at $100^{\circ}C$ for 6 minutes and second heating at $75^{\circ}C$ for 25 minutes and use of $CaSO_{4}-GDL$(0.07g, 0.0075 g/g SPI) as coagulants. The hardness and uniformity were gradually increased as the water addition ratio $(gH_{2}O/g\;SPI)$ raised from 6.0 to 8.0 and cohesiveness was rather decreased. The increase in second heating time increased the hardness and gumminess and relativity higher values in hardness were measured for those tofu heated at $85^{\circ}C$ than those at $75^{\circ}C$ or $95^{\circ}C$. A multiple regression equation calculated and RSM figure showed that the effects of water addition ratio was become to be less as the heating time and temperature increased. Addition of 8 g of water per g SPI and second heating at $85^{\circ}C$ for $30{\sim}60$ minutes were found as optimal conditions to prepare uncompressed SPI tofu.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.280-288
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• 2013

Hua-Tuo(145-208) created five "WuQinXi" exercise by imitating the movements of a tiger, a deer, a bear, a monkey and a bird. The "WuQinXi" exercise, one of the medical Qi-gongs, is an exercise maximizing human's self healing power and has been effective significantly at several modern researches. There are many exercise therapies in western medcine, such as Willamss flexion exercise, Mckenzie's extension exercise, vertebral stabilization exercise and so on. However, there isn't a special exercise therapy which can be applied for medical practice in oriental medicine. So We selected some motions from "WuQinXi" exercise, which are suitable for lumbar spinal disease, and analyzed them. After that, We assorted them by kinds of lumbar spinal disease. First, We selected 22 motions which are related with lumbar movements from 3 type "WuQinXi" exercises ; 10 mode, 15 mode, 18 mode. And then, We classified them according to lumbar movements as flexion, extention, lateral bending and rotation, and also functions as stabilization and rubbing. Next, with these classifications, We assorted those motions by kinds of lumbar spinal disease as HIVD(herniation of intervertebral disc), spinal stenosis, spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis, facet joint syndrome, compression fracture and spondylosis. We expect that trying "WuQinXi" exercise at clinic in this way, the particular exercise therapy of oriental medicine, "WuQinXi" exercise will become more popular. And Oriental medical doctors will be able to teach patients "WuQinXi" exercise's motions easily at clinic, depending on kinds of lumbar spinal disease each patient suffers from. We plan to study more about 20 mode, 30 mode, 40 mode and the effect of "WuQinXi" exercise by comparing patients who do the "WuQinXi" exercise with the patients who do the western medical exercise therapy.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.217-225
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• 2003

We fabricated the 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU, carmustine)-loaded PLGA wafers containing poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) or tedium chloride (NaCl) in order to control the release profile of drug in special shape (3 in diameter, 1 mm in thickness) by direct compression method. In vitro release profiles of BCNU could be controlled by additives contained in the wafers. Initial release amount, release rate and duration of BCNU could be controlled with presence of PVP or NaCl. In vitro antitumor activity accessed using 9L gliosarcoma cell line has been evaluated by assaying the viability of cells treated with BCNU released from the wafers containing additives resulting in continuous growth inhibition of 9L gliosarcoma tumor cells. Specially, the continuous growth inhibition of BCNU-loaded PLGA wafers containing additives was more effective than that of non-additive BCNU-loaded PLGA wafers. The cytotoxic effect of the drug from the wafers containing NaCl as compared to wafers containing PVP was more enhanced.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.269-273
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• 2010

The primary objective of this work is to find the optimal condition for the granule tablet formulation of alfuzosin-HCl that aims to achieve a sustained drug release. (Hydroxypropyl)methyl cellulose (HPMC) is one of the most widely used polymer as a drug formulation and therefore has been utilized in this study as an excipient. Alfuzosin-HCl granule tablet was developed using the various viscosities of HPMC and the effects of viscosity on drug release was investigated. Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to investigate the chemical structure and crystallization of alfuzosin-HCl in the formulation. We prepared the granule tablet by a direct compression method and studied the release profile in the stimulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8). As the viscosity of HPMC increased the release of alfuzosin-HCl decreased, demonstrating that controlled release of alfuzosin-HCl can be achieved by varying the viscosity of HPMC.