• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2013

Nitrate is a naturally occurring compound in plant and can be converted to nitrite in the nitrogen cycle and vice versa. Therefore, it is easy to find nitrate in plants including vegetables. Especially, it is known that high levels of nitrate found in leafy vegetables. Nitrate itself is relatively non-toxic but its metabolites and reaction products such as nitrite, nitric oxide and N-nitroso compounds, may produce adverse health effects such as methaemoglobinaemia and carcinogenesis. To execute the risk assessment of dietary nitrate and nitrite for the intake of vegetables, it is investigated that the levels of nitrate and nitrite in 23 vegetables (798 samples). The range of concentration were 0-6,719mg/kg for nitrate and 0-1,635mg/kg for nitrite, respectively. The Estimated daily intakes (EDI) were 0.85-1.38 mg/kg body weight/day for nitrate and 0.02-0.03 mg/kg body weight/day for nitrite by ages. We conclude that there are no health concerns for eating various vegetables since the EDI were below the Tolerable Daily Intake (3.7 mg/kg body weight/day for nitrate, 0.06 mg/kg body weight/day for nitrite) level established by WHO.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.928-932
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• 2009

생체 내에서 질병 발생은 다양한 요인들의 복합적인 작용에 의해 발생한다. 하지만, 대부분의 질병 관련 원인을 발견하고자하는 연구들에서는 여러 요인들의 다양한 조합들을 복합적으로 고려하여 분석하기에는 한계가 있는 경우가 많다. 단 하나의 질병 관련 요인들을 찾는 것데 그치고 있다. 본 연구에서는 유전체 정보과 임상 정보를 이용하여 질병 분류 모델 기반 인자 조합들의 진화적 학습 방법을 제안한다. 이 방법을 이용하여 본 연구에서는 질병 관련 주요 인자를 찾고, 이를 시각화할 수 있는 시스템을 만드는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구를 통해 정확도 높은 당뇨병 환자군 분류 모델을 만들고, 당뇨병 발생에 중요한 영향을 미치는 인자들의 조합을 찾을 수 있었다. 또한 생뭍학적인 분석을 통해 본 연구에서 찾은 인자들의 조합이 실제로도 당뇨병 발생에 영향을 미치는 인자가 될 수 있음을 확인하고, 특히 각 인자들이 하나씩 존재할 때보다. 조합으로 존재할 경우 당뇨병 발생 가능성이 높아질 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.609-614
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• 2012

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a common cause of acute hepatitis. Regarding the risk of DILI from herbal preparations, there are controversial issues such as exaggerated reports straying far from the truth and lack of discrimination between herbal drugs and folk remedies or food supplements. This study reported one case of a patient with DILI caused by Smilacis Chinae Radix and cured in an Oriental hospital. Smilacis Chinae Radix has been used as an anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, detoxification and anticancer compound, as a folk remedy. This report would provide helpful information for management of DILI by folk remedies or herbal drugs.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.513-517
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• 1999

Problems of secondary pollution and hazardous pollutants have rapidly come to the front in our society during the past few years. More attention should be paid to monitoring and assessment in order to identify the nature of complicated problems, but our air-quality policy is hurriedly seeking for management strategies. A typical example is air quality management in the industrial estates such as those located in Yochon and Ulsan. Yochon Industrial Estate was designated as a special air-quality management area of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in 1996. And VOCs in the air of Ulsan Industrial Estate has been specially controlled since 1997. In this paper, however, it is suggested that hazardous air pollutants(HAPs) rather than VOCs should have been managed in the industrial estates. History of studies on organic compounds in the air of the industrial estates is reviewed. A stepwise approach for air quality management in the industrial estates is recommended.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.311-324
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• 2018

Arsenic is one of the most toxic environmental toxicants. More than 150 million people worldwide are exposed to arsenic through ground water contamination. It is an exclusive human carcinogen. Although the hallmarks of arsenic toxicity are skin lesions and skin cancers, arsenic can also induce cancers in the lung, liver, kidney, urinary bladder, and other internal organs. Arsenic is a non-mutagenic compound but can induce significant cytogenetic damage as measured by chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, and micronuclei formation in human systems. These genotoxic end points are extensively used to predict genotoxic potentials of different environmental chemicals, drugs, pesticides, and insecticides. These cytogenetic end points are also used for evaluating cancer risk. Here, by critically reviewing and analyzing the existing literature, we conclude that inorganic arsenic is a genotoxic carcinogen.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.4199-4204
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• 2016

Cancer is a complex disease caused by a progressive accumulation of multiple genetic mutations. Consumption of fruits is associated with lower risk of several cancers, which is mainly associated to their phytochemical content. The use of functional foods and chemopreventive compounds seems to contribute in this process, acting by mechanisms of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and hormonal. The Psidium Guajava has high potential functional related to pigments who are involved in the process of cancer prevention by having antioxidant activity. The aim of the present review is to expose some chemical compounds from P. Guajava fractions and their association with anti-carcinogenic function. The evidences supports the theory of anticancer properties of P. Guajava, although the mechanisms are still not fully elucidated, but may include scavenging free radicals, regulation of gene expression, modulation of cellular signalling pathways including those involved in DNA damage repair, cell proliferation and apoptosis.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2002년도 Current Trends in Toxicological Sciences
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• pp.71-72
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• 2002

Thimerosal is a mercury-containing compound used in trace amounts to prevent bacteria and other organisms from contaminating vaccines, especially in opened multi-dose vials. The toxicity of mercury is well known and those most at risk are occurred in unborn and newborn babies.(omitted)

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.303-308
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• 2001

The potential for a given anticholinesterase pesticide to exhibit age-related toxicity is essential information for an accurate and proper risk assessment of that compound. This investigation was designed to study the age-related toxicity of active metabolites of four organophosphates using in vitro detoxification measurement. The blood samples were collected from 1 month and 18 months old rats. The $IC_{50}$ values of mouse brain recombinant AChE of chlorpyrifos-oxon, diazoxon, malaoxon and paraoxon were 10.35, 112.84, 151.28 and 18.43 nM, respectively. When the plasma of young rats, and $CaCI_2$were added, the $IC_{50}$ values of mouse brain recombinant AChE of chlorpyrfos-oxon, diazoxon, malaoxon and paraoxon were 31.89, 164.25, 139.94 and 16.36 nM, respectively. The $IC_{50}$ values of mouse brain recombinant AChE of chlorpyrifos-oxon, diazoxon, malaoxon and paraoxon were changed to 136.840, 1244.45, 654.54 and 52.66 nM by A-esterases In adult rats. These results suggest that four organophosphates have a potential toxicity to exhibit age-related sensitivity.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.102-106
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• 2008

Formaldehyde, an indoor volatile organic compound, is considered toxic due to its carcinogenic risk. Recently, we isolated a formaldehyde-degrading bacterium Pseudomonas sp. YK-32. A crude enzyme prepared from YK-32 also degraded formaldehyde, suggesting that YK-32 cells have formaldehyde hydrogenase activity which is one of the important factors in formaldehyde degradation. The formaldehyde hydrogenase activity was increased 1.25 fold by adding 0.1 % glucose and formaldehyde to the culture medium. In addition, treatment with 1 mM EDTA as a permeabilizer promoted the degradation of formaldehyde and increased the enzymatic activity.

• 약학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.212-218
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• 2008

Manganese is a naturally occurring element which is widespread in the environment. Also, manganese is an essential trace element and plays a key role in important biological reactions catalyzed by enzymes. However, exposure to high levels of manganese can cause toxicity in neurone and inhalation system, also damage in various tissues. We investigated the toxicity induced by manganese compound ($MnCl_2$) in cultured rat cardiomyocytes. Treatment of manganese to cultured cardiomyocyte led to cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase, and cytosolic caspase-3 activation. The ROS increase was related with the decreased level of glutathione. Expressions of ROS related genes such as heme oxygenase-1, thioredoxin reductase, and NADH quinone oxidase were significantly induced in manganese treated cells. These results suggest that manganese induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, and may be the one of risk factors to cause heart dysfunction in vivo.