• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제27권
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• pp.68-79
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• 1984

An increased population and rapidly expanding industrial development have led to enormous amounts of various domestic and industrial wastes. The proper disposal of ever-increasing wastes is a growing global problem. Land treatment is one of the rational approaches that are environmentally safe and economically practical. It has long been practised in many sites. Recycling of industrial wastes on agricultural land can provide better possible means for maintaining environmental quality and utilizing waste-resources. Even though industrial wastes are beneficial as soil amendment and fertilizer, they have some limitation on land application because of wide variability as well as physicochemical problem in their composition. A direct application of solid and liquid wastes on land is being practised in Korea and some experimental results are presented. The direct application of fermentation waste on rice resulted in a 6 percent yield increase. Another organic residue from glutamic acid fermentation is widely used not only as a direct application as a liquid fertilizer but also for a raw material of organic compound fertilizer. These wastes are much promising as sources of plant nutrients, since they have large amounts of nutrients, especially nitrogen with few toxic metals. On the other hand, fertilizers developed from inorganic industrial wastes include calcium silicate, calcium sulfate and ammonium sulfate. The calcium silicate fertilizer simply produced from slag, by-product of iron and steel manufacturing plant is one of the most successful example of the conversion of wastes to fertilizer and slag production capacity totals to over three million MT/year. About 200,000 MT of calcium silicate fertilizer is currently applied in the paddy rice every year. Calcium sulfate, a waste from the wet phosphoric acid process is to some extent used as a filler of compound fertilizers but quite large quantites are directly applied for the reclamation of tidal flat.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.1156-1166
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• 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of compound organic acid calcium (COAC) on growth performance, hepatic antioxidant status and intestinal barrier of male broilers under high ambient temperature (32.7℃). Methods: Nine hundred healthy one-d-old Cobb-500 male broiler chicks were randomly assigned into three groups with six replicates of 50 birds each. A basal diet supplemented with 0% (control), 0.4% and 0.8% COAC, respectively were fed to birds for 6 weeks. All treatments were under high ambient indoor temperature of 32.7℃, and had a constant calcium and available phosphorus ratio. Results: The results showed that, compared with control, the average daily gain of broilers in 0.4% and 0.8% was significantly increased and the ratio of feed to gain in in 0.4% and 0.8% was significantly decreased at 1 to 21, 22 to 42 and 1 to 42 days of age (p<0.05). Compared with control, 0.8% COAC slightly decreased (p = 0.093) the content of malondialdehyde in liver at 42 days of age while 0.4% COAC significantly decreased (p<0.05) the activity of alkaline phosphatase. Furthermore, 0.4% COAC significantly enhanced the intestinal barrier function via increasing jejunal and ileal ocln transcription, promoting jejunal mucin 2 transcription at 42 days of age (p<0.05), and decreasing jejunal toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) and ileal TLR-15, inducible nitric oxide synthase compared with control group (p<0.05). Whereas, no significant differences on the transcription of interleukin-1β in jejunum and ileum were observed among three treatments (p>0.05). Overall, heat stress caused by high natural environment temperature may induce the damage to hepatic antioxidation and intestinal barrier. Conclusion: Dietary inclusion of COAC can improve the tolerance of broilers to thermal environment through the modification of antioxidative parameters in liver and the mRNA expression of genes in intestinal barrier, resulting in an optimal inclusion level of 0.4%.

• 공업화학
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.639-648
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• 1992

시멘트 수화물(CH)을 모르타르 콘크리트용 방수제 또는 고무 플라스틱용 충전제로 활용하기 위하여 스테아린산(SA)으로 처리하고 FT-IR, TGA, SEM, XRD, 접촉각층정기 등을 이용하여 CH-SA compound의 결합특성과 발수성을 측정하고, CH-SA compound를 레미탈에 사용하여 레미탈의 방수성을 알아 본 결과는 다음과 같이 요약된다. 1) 시멘트 수화물에 스테아린산을 2.0%이상만 처리하면 물레 대한 접촉각이 $120^{\circ}$이상으로 증가되면서 강한 발수성을 나타낸다. 2) 시멘트 수화물에 처리된 스테아린산은 스테아린산염 형태로 시멘트 수화물 표면에 고정된다. 3) 시멘트 수화물에 스테아린산을 5~10%처리한 CH-SA compound를 레미탈 중량의 3~6%정도 사용하면 레미탈의 압축강도는 5%정도 증가되며, 흡수비와 투수비는 각각 25%이하로 격감되어서 우수한 방수성을 나타낸다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.102-105
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• 1992

냉각탑, 제지산업, 일반 산업용수 등에 사용되는 산업용 방부제의 유효 성분 isothiazolinone components 즉, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one(unchlorinated compound)과 5-chloro-2-methy14-isothiazolin-3-one(chlorinated compound)을 고성능액체크로마토그래피로서 분리, 정량하였다. 역상의 C$_{18}$ column (15 cmX3.9 mm I.D.)을 사용하였으며 자외선 검출기의 파장 254 nm에서 methanol-0.4% acetic acid(40 : 60)의 이동상, methanol-0.4% acetic acid(30: 70)의 추출 및 주입용매 조건으로 HPLC 분리를 시도한 결과 unchlorinated compound는 10~32,400 mg/l 범위에서, 그리고 chlorinated compound는 120~107,400 mg.l의 범위에서 직선성을 보였다. 내부 표준물질로서 dimethyl phthalate를 사용하였으며, unchlorinated compound, chlorinated compound 및 내부 표준물질의 순서로 븐리가 일어났고 총 분리시간은 6.41분이었다. 상기의 조건으로 시험물질을 분석, 정량한 결과 예측농도치에 근접한 수치를 얻었다.