• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.32-41
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• 2012

In recent times, multi-centralization and decentralization as well as large Capital area and suburbanization in the spatial structure of capital area. With rapid growth, urbanization and industrialization are unsystematic, and growth inequality between regions caused negative effects such as discordant centralization and decentralization, fluctuating land value, and gap between living conditions. Accordingly, this study analyzed urban spatial indexes by the self-governed body in the capital area such as Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi province for the analysis of the regional inequality phenomenon. We examined the characteristics of temporal and spatial changes in urban spatial structure in the capital area by utilizing the distribution pattern and density of city indexes such as population, employment, etc, and then drew the commonality of those factors through factor analysis. We evaluated the drawn results through the city standard index by each city, conducted factor score analysis, and identified the interaction between each factor and Housing Purchase Price Composite Indices index, housing rent price index(Housing Jeonse Price Composite Indices), land price fluctuation rate, diffusion ratio of house, and financial independence.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.100-105
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• 2011

The perception of the 20 adverse events of targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma was compared among medical professionals. Thirty-seven oncologists, 167 nurses and 79 pharmacists participated in the survey, and the response rate was 61.9%, 98.2%, 84.9%, respectively. Results showed that the most serious adverse event was GI perforation (8.83 points, 10 being the most serious), whereas the least serious was anemia (5.32 points). There were significant differences among oncologists, nurses and pharmacists especially for the moderately-serious adverse event such as wound-healing complication and lymphopenia. Adverse Events Composite Score (AECS) for each targeted therapy was calculated by multiplying adverse event incidence rate and seriousness score. Sunitinib had the highest score at 6.86 point and bevacizumab had the lowest at 2.1. Among professional groups oncologists showed the lowest AECS, whereas nurses had the highest. The gap on the perception of the adverse events among medical professionals needs to be reduced to get better outcomes of medical therapies for cancer patients.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.173-178
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among circadian types, depressive mood and internet addiction and to identify the mediating effect of depressive mood between circadian types and internet addiction in Korean College Students. Methods A total of 2632 participants completed questionnaires, which included the Korean translation of the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Korean version of the Internet Addiction Test (KIAT). Statistical analyses were done using correlation analysis, analysis of covariance and multiple linear regression. Results The CSM score was negatively associated with the PHQ-9 score (r = -0.226, p < 0.001) and the KIAT score (r = -0.218, p < 0.001). The eveningness group showed higher scores in depressive mood and internet addiction than the morningness group (p < 0.001). Depressive mood showed a partial mediating effect between circadian types and internet addiction (${\beta}=0.255$, p < 0.001). Conclusions Internet addiction was associated with circadian types and depressive mood. These results suggest that depression and circadian rhythm management would contribute to the prevention of internet addiction.

• Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2023

The Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery (SNSB) is known as a representative comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation tool in Korea since its first standardization in 2003. It was the main neuropsychological evaluation tool in the Clinical Research Center for Dementia of South Korea, a large-scale multi-center cohort study in Korea that was started in 2005. Since then, it has been widely used by dementia clinicians, and further solidified its status as a representative dementia evaluation tool in Korea. Many research results related to the SNSB have been used as a basis for the diagnosis and evaluation of patients in various clinical settings, especially, in many areas of cognitive assessment, including dementia evaluation. The SNSB version that was updated in 2012 provides psychometrically improved norms and indicators through a model-based standardization procedure based on a theoretical probability distribution in the norm's development. By providing a score for each cognitive domain, it is easier to compare cognitive abilities between domains and to identify changes in cognitive domain functions over time. Through the development of the SNSB-Core, a short form composed of core tests, which also give a composite score was provided. The SNSB is a useful test battery that provides key information on the evaluation of early cognitive decline, analysis of cognitive decline patterns, judging the severity of dementia, and differential diagnosis of dementia. This review will provide a broad understanding of the SNSB by describing the test composition, contents of individual subtests, characteristics of standardization, analysis of the changed standard score, and related studies.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 2006

This Study was conducted to investigate the processing quality of high-amylose content rice(goami) flour for noodle. The potassium and magnesium contents of rice flour were negatively associated with gross score of noodle making mixed with wheat flour. The high-amylose content of rice flour was closed associated with gel consistency negatively and with hardness of rice noodle positively, Setback viscosity of rice flour measured in a rapid visco-analyser(RVA) was significantly affected by amylose content as well as gel consistency. Also the amylose content decreased, the amylogram pasting temperature and the breakdown ratio increased. The low-amylose content rice(Chucheong) flour showed higher values in solubility. Cooking quality and texture were measured, and sensory evaluation was performed with the noodles prepared. Texture measurement showed that the noodles of composite flour containing 40% goami rice flour were superior to those wheat flour alone. Water binding capacity of the composite flour containing 40% goami rice flour was lower than that of 40% chucheong rice flour. In sensory evaluation, chewiness, overall acceptability of noodle with 40% goami ricer was evaluated as the best.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2013

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine an appropriate application duration of sodium ascorbate (SA) antioxidant gel in reducing microleakage of bonded composite restoration in intracoronally-bleached teeth. Materials and Methods: Eighty endodontically-treated human incisors were randomly divided into eight groups: control, no bleaching; IB and DB, immediate and delayed bonding after bleaching, respectively; S10m, S60m, S24h, S3d and S7d, bleaching + SA gel for 10 min, 60 min, 24 hr, 3 day and 7 day, respectively. For bleaching, a mixture of 30% hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate was applied for 7 day. All access cavities were restored using One-Step adhesive (Bisco Inc.) and then Aelite LS Packable composite (Bisco Inc.). The bonded specimens were subjected to 500 thermal cycles, immersed in 1% methylene blue for 8 hr, and longitudinally sectioned. Microleakage was assessed with a 0 - 4 scoring system and analyzed using nonparametric statistical methods (${\alpha}$ = 0.05). Results: Group IB showed a significantly higher microleakage than the control group (p = 0.006) and group DB a statistically similar score to the control group (p > 0.999). Although groups S10m, S60m, and S24h exhibited significantly higher scores than group DB (p < 0.05), the microleakage in groups S3d and S7d was statistically similar to that in group DB (p = 0.771, p > 0.999). Conclusions: Application of SA gel for 3 day after nonvital bleaching was effective in reducing microleakage of composite restoration in intracoronally-bleached teeth.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.167-177
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• 2019

The jadeite powder has a disadvantage affecting the stability of the formulation due to the agglomeration of the powder when applied to cosmetic formulations. To overcome this problem, a new composite powder was prepared by modifying the surface of jadeite powder and applied to foundation pact and sun stick. In this study, a triethoxycaprylylsilane among various surface modifiers was selected as an optimum component, and applied to each formulation by making the jadeite powder composite. As a result, the foundation pact maintained the clarity of the product color, and the sun stick gave about 30% higher UV blocking effect in the UVB area compared with that of the blank. In the user sensory evaluation, the formulation containing the jadeite powder composite showed a high score for the overall indicator. The stability evaluation of the formulation was also confirmed that it was stable against discoloration, detachment and hardness. In conclusion, the jadeite powder composite is stable as an inorganic pigment which is applicable to cosmetics as a multifunctional material while maintaining the color clarity of the product and acting as a booster for sunscreen agents.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.347-368
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa Composite oil(ZjJ-C_oil) and Aralia cordata var. continentalis Composite oil(ARC-C_oil) to NC/Nga mice induced in Atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by DNCB. NC/Nga mice which have been induced to Atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by DNCB are divided into 4 groups, the first is the mice which have been spread with izyphus jujuba var. spinosa Composite oil(ZjJ-C_oil), the second is the mice which have been spread with Aralia cordata var. continentalis Composite oil(ARC-C_oil), the third is which have been spread with dexamethasone (Dexa.) 0.5% on their Atopic lesion, the last is the control group. Then We analyzed skin clinical score, blood sample of each group of measure state of the dorsal skin, the number of immunocytes, and resect the skin lesion to anlayze the state of cells. There are meaningful results of measuring the number of IgE, IL-4, IL-13, $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-5, the total cells in ALN, dorsal skin, CD4+ Th, CD11b+/Gr-1+ in PBMCs, CD4+ Th, B220+/CD23+ in ALN, $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$ Th in dorsal skin, the level of COX-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $TGF-{\beta}1$, IL-4, IL-13 mRNA, the state of the skin lesion and cells in the group with ZjJ-C_oil, ARC-C_oil cream in comprarison with the control group.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.149-159
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• 2021

Purpose: Antibiotic exposure during pregnancy may affect the fetus and newborn in many ways. This study investigated the impact of prenatal antibiotic exposure duration on neonatal outcomes in very preterm (VP) or very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Methods: From September 2015 to December 2020, preterm infants with gestational age less than 32 weeks or with a BW less than 1,500 g who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, and their mothers were enrolled. Prenatal antibiotic exposure was defined as antibiotics received by mothers before delivery, and the patients were categorized into the non-antibiotic group, short-duration (SD; ≤7 days) group, or long-duration (LD; >7 days) groups. Results: A total of 93 of 145 infants were exposed to prenatal antibiotics, among which 35 (37.6%) were in the SD group and 58 (62.4%) were in the LD group. Infants in the LD group had a significantly higher birth weight-for-gestational-age (BW/GA) Z-score than those in the non-antibiotic group, even after the adjustment for confounding factors (beta, 0.258; standard error, 0.149; P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that prolonged prenatal antibiotic exposure was independently associated with death (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 8.926; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.482-53.775) and composite outcomes of death, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and late-onset sepsis (LOS) (aOR, 2.375; 95% CI, 1.027-5.492). Conclusions: Prolonged prenatal antibiotic exposure could increase the BW/GA Z-score and the risk of death and composite outcomes of death, NEC, and LOS in VP or VLBW infants.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.460-474
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of various low-viscosity resin systems used as rebonding agents to prevent microleakage at the margins of class I composite resin restorations. Seventy sound human premolars were selected for experiment. Class I cavities were prepared and each cavity was conditioned with a 37% phosphoric acid for 15 sec, rinsed with water for 15 sec, and dried with compressed air. Bonding agent(Scotchbond Multipurpose, 3M Co.) was applied and a hybrid composite resin (Z-100, 3M Co.) was placed using an incremental technic. The excess cured composite resin was carefully removed with Sof-Lex discs(3M Co.) to expose the original margins of the cavity. The following seven groups were established : group 1 was not rebonded and used as control group ; group 2 was rebonded with a Scotchbond Multipurpose(3M Co.) and finished ; group 3 was rebonded with a Fortify(BISCO) and finished ; group 4 was rebonded with a Concise white sealant(3M Co.) and finished ; group 5 was rebonded with a Concise white sealant(3M Co.) and not finished ; group 6 was rebonded with a P&F sealant(BISCO) and finished; group 7 was rebonded with a P&F sealant(BISCO) and not finished. The specimens were then subjected to 500 thermocycles between 5 & 65 with a 10 see dwell time and immersed in 2% methylene blue dye solution for 24 hours and sectioned with low-speed diamond cutter into two part under water condition. The extent of microleakage at rebonded margins was evaluated microscopically and scored for dye penetration according to the following scale : 0=no dye penetration ; 1=dye penetration to half-way along axial wall between enamel surface and DEJ ; 2=dye penetration beyond halfway along axial wall between enamel surface and DEJ ; 3=dye penetration to the full depth of DEJ or beyond DEJ. Selected samples were prepared for SEM observation to determine the depth of penetration of the rebonding agent into the marginal interface. The obtained results were as follows: 1. In the group 2 and 3, which is rebonded with a Scotchbond Multipupose and Fortify, dye penetration score were decreased significantly than that of group 1 (P<0.05), but group 4 and 6 were not statistically different from group 1(P>0.05). 2. There were significant differences between group 4, 6 and group 5, 7 when compared by dye penetration score (P<0.05). 3. In the SEM observation, Scotchbond Multipurpose and Fortify were penetrated within $30-40{\mu}m$ depth of the outermost surface. However, both sealants were failed to penetrate into the debonded interface.