• 멤브레인
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2003

A characterization of the permeation and separation using single salt solution was carried out with charged composite membranes. Various charged composite membranes were fabricated by blending an ionic polymer with a nonionic polymer in different ratios. In this study, sodium alginate, chitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol) were employed as anionic, cationic and nonionic polymers, respectively. The permeation and separation behaviors of the aqueous salt solutions have been investigated through the charged composite membranes with various charge densities. As the content of the ionic polymer increased in the membrane, the hydrophilicity of the membrane increased, and pure water flux and the solution flux increased correspondingly, indicating that the permeation performance through the membrane is determined mainly by its hydrophilicity. Electrostatic interaction between the charged membrane and ionic solute molecules, that is, Donnan exclusion, was observed to be attributed to salt rejection to a greater extent, and molecular sieve mechanism was effective for the separation of salts under a similar electrostatic circumstance of solutes.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.225-235
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• 2016

Synthesized hydroxyapatite (Hyd) and Fe-hydroxyapatite (Fe-Hyd) composite were used for the removal of Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous solutions in this study. The effect of adsorbent amount, pH and initial MB concentration were carried out to investigate in the aqueous solution. The kinetic study shows that the MB adsorption process with Hyd or Fe-Hyd follow pseudo-second order kinetic model. Experimental results are well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacities of Hyd and Fe-Hyd were obtained as 2.90 mg/g and 5.64 mg/g for MB according to Langmuir Isotherm models, respectively. Fe-Hyd composite increased the adsorption capacity of Hyd by 1.95 times that Hyd. It is concluded that Fe-Hyd composite is promising and economical adsorbent for MB removal in the aqueous solution.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.350-355
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• 2015

To develop ceramic composite anodes of solid oxide fuel cells without metal catalysts, a small amount of barium carbonate was added to an $(La_{0.8}Sr_{0.2})(Cr_{0.5}Mn_{0.5})O_3(LSCM)$ - YSZ ceramic composite anode and its catalytic effects on the electrode performance were investigated. A barium precursor solution with citric acid was used to synthesize the barium carbonate during ignition, while a barium precursor solution without citric acid was used to create hydrated barium hydroxide. The addition of barium carbonate to the ceramic composite anode caused stable fuel cell performance at 1073 K; this performance was higher than that of a fuel cell with $CeO_2$ catalyst; however, the addition of hydrated barium hydroxide to the ceramic composite anode caused poor stability of the fuel cell performance.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.5365-5369
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• 2011

실리카-골드 복합체 입자를 함침법에 의하여 합성하였고, 용매와 전구체가 실리카-골드 입자 합성에 미치는 영향이 연구되었다. 구형 실리카 입자를 지지체로 하여 PVP, hydrogentetrachloroaurate(III) hydrate 수용액을 전구체로 사용했을 때, 연한 분홍색 색상을 띄는 실리카-골드 입자가 성공적으로 합성되었다. 합성된 복합체의 특성은 FE-SEM, FE-TEM과 XRD를 통하여 분석하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.733-751
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• 2007

The metis element method (Hung 1978) has been applied to analyse free edge interlaminar stresses and delamination in composite laminates, which are subjected to extension and bending. The paper recalls Lekhnitskii's solution for generalized plane strain state of composite laminate and Wang's singular solution for determination of stress singularity order and of eigen coefficients $C_m$ for delamination problem. Then the formulae of metis displacement finite element in two-dimensional problem are established. Computation of the stress intensity factors and the energy release rates are presented in details. The energy release rate, G, is computed by Irwin's virtual crack technique using metis elements. Finally, results of interlaminar stresses, the three stress intensity factors and the energy release rates for delamination crack in composite laminates under extension and bending are illustrated and compared with the literature to demonstrate the efficiency of the present method.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2010

In this paper, we describe a new method to form polymer thin films, in which carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are homogeneously distributed so that they can strengthen the mechanical property of resulting polymer film. To do so, we first homogeneously mixed CNTs with polymer in a DMF solvent. With the assistance of ultrasonic nebulizer, the polymer/CNT solution was then aerosolized into micro-sized droplets and finally turned into solidified polymer/CNT composite particles by gas-phase drying process. As the results of SEM and TEM analysis, CNTs were found to be homogeneously immobilized in the polymer matrix particles due to rapid drying process in the gas phase. For comparison purpose, (i) the polymer/CNTs composite particles prepared by aerosol processing method and (ii) polymer/CNTs sheets prepared by simple solution-evaporation method were employed to form polymer/CNTs composite thin films using a hot press. As the result, the aerosol processing of composite particles was found to be a much more effective method to form homogeneously distributed-CNTs in the polymer matrix thin film.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제73권5호
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• pp.585-598
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• 2020

We develop design model within which nucleation and propagation of crack in a fibrous composite is described. It is assumed that under loading, crack initiation and fracture of material happens in the composite. The problem of equilibrium of a composite with embryonic crack is reduced to the solution of the system of nonlinear singular integral equations with the Cauchy type kernel. Normal and tangential forces in the crack nucleation zone are determined from the solution of this system of equations. The crack appearance conditions in the composite are formed with regard to criterion of ultimate stretching of the material's bonds. We study the case when near the fiber, the binder has several arbitrary arranged rectilinear prefracture zones and a crack with interfacial bonds. The proposed computational model allows one to obtain the size and location of the zones of damages (prefracture zones) depending on geometric and mechanical characteristics of the fibrous composite and applied external load. Based on the suggested design model that takes into account the existence of damages (the zones of weakened interparticle bonds of the material) and cracks with end zones in the composite, we worked out a method for calculating the parameters of the composite, at which crack nucleation and crack growth occurs.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.249-271
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• 2024

In this scientific work, an analytical solution for the dynamic analysis of cross-ply and angle-ply laminated composite plates is proposed. Due to technical issues during the manufacturing of composite materials, porosities and micro-voids can be produced within the composite material samples, which can carry on to a reduction in the density and strength of the materials. In this research, the laminated composite plates are assumed to have new distributions of porosities over the plate cross-section. The structure is modeled using a simple integral shear deformation theory in which the transverse shear deformation effect is included. The governing equations of motion are obtained employing the principle of Hamilton's. The solution is determined via Navier's approach. The Maple program is used to obtain the numerical results. In the numerical examples, the effects of geometry, ratio, modulus ratio, fiber orientation angle, number of layers and porosity parameter on the natural frequencies of symmetric and anti-symmetric laminated composite plates is presented and discussed in detail. Also, the impacts of the kinds of porosity distribution models on the natural frequencies of symmetric and anti-symmetric laminated composite plates are investigated.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2012

This paper surveys the physical properties of the MWNT dispersion solution dispersed with the three types of solvents and of the polyurethane composite film for improvement of mechanical properties and electrical characteristics of PU/MWNT composite film. For this purpose, the MWNT dispersed solution was mixed with three types of solvent such as IPA, MEK and Toluene and then mixed with polyurethane (100part) with variation of loading content (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 part) of MWNT dispersed solution in the ultrasonic wave dispersion apparatus. And eighteen PU/MWNT composite films were prepared as specimens. The various physical properties of these PU/MWNT films were measured and discussed with the loading content of three types of MWNT dispersed solutions. The highest absorbancy among the three types of dispersed solutions was shown in the IPA/MWNT solution. But the absorbancy of PU/MWNT films was not same as the solution. The low electrical surface and volume resistivity of PU/MWNT film were shown at the condition of 20 and 10 parts loading of IPA/MWNT dispersed solution, respectively. The low triboelectricity of PU/MWNT film was shown at the condition of above 30part loading of IPA/MWNT dispersed solution. The breaking strength and strain of PU/MWNT film prepared with IPA/MWNT dispersed solution were decreased with increasing loading content of IPA/MWNT from 10 to 40 parts. The maximum breaking strength and breaking strain according to the dispersion solution were shown on the IPA/MWNT dispersed solution. The uniform dispersion of PU/MWNT film according to the loading content of MWNT solution was shown by surface image analysis on the films dispersed with IPA.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.213-217
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• 2015

Recently, household electronic industries require environmentally-friendly and highly functional steels in order to enhance the quality of human life. Customers especially require both excellent corrosion and abrasion resistant anti-fingerprint steels for digital TV panels. Thus POSCO has developed new functional electro-galvanized steels, which have double coated layers with organic-inorganic composites on the zinc surface of the steel for usage as the bottom chassis panel of TVs. The inorganic solution for the bottom layer consists of inorganic phosphate, magnesium, and zirconium compounds with a small amount of epoxy binder, and affords both improved adhesion properties by chemical conversion reactions and corrosion resistance due to a self-healing effect. The composite solution for the top layer was prepared by fine dispersion of organic-inorganic ingredients that consist of a urethane modified polyacrylate polymer, hardener, silica sol and a titanium complex inhibitor in aqueous media. Both composite solutions were coated on the steel surface by using a roll coater and then cured through an induction furnace in the electro-galvanizing line. New anti-fingerprint steel was evaluated for quality performance through such procedures as the salt spray test for corrosion resistance, tribological test for abrasion resistance, and conductivity test for surface electric conductance regarding to both types of polymer resin and coating weight of composite solution. New composite coated anti-fingerprint steels afford both better corrosion resistance and abrasion properties compared to conventional anti-fingerprint steel that mainly consists of acrylate polymers. Detailed discussions of both composite solutions and experimental results suggest that urethane modifications of acrylate polymers of composite solutions play a key role in enhanced quality performances.