• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2022

Objective: This work was carried out to evaluate the effect of pasture (PA) feeding on buffalo meat quality compared with buffaloes reared intensively with the use of corn silage as a forage base or alternatively with polyphite meadow hay (PH). Methods: Thirty Mediterranean bull buffaloes were distributed into three experimental diet groups: maize silage (MS), PH, and PA. The animals were slaughtered at a live weight of 250 kg, and carcass and meat quality were evaluated. After 7 days of ageing, physical and chemical parameters of longissimus thoracis muscle were determined. To evaluate lipid oxidation the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was tested at 7 and 14 days, and also the fatty acid profile was recorded by gas chromatography. Results: The PA group, even if it showed carcass parameters lower than those of the silage maize group, reported a good meat percentage (60.59% vs 58.46%, respectively) and lower fat percentage (p<0.001). PA-fed animals showed meat redness, and even if only on raw meat, shear force was higher than the others. Low values of conjugate linoleic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and n-3 were reported in the silage maize group. Principal component analysis (PCA) clearly showed the influence of different diets on meat quality, and PCA1 and PCA2 explained 82% of the variability. Conclusion: Buffaloes reared on PA had meat with high nutritional value even if they showed poor carcass performance compared to the animals fed on MS. Buffaloes fed on polyphite hay were in an intermediate position, similar to grazing animals, according to the same nutritional determinations.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.46-60
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• 2022

The genetic variability and population structure of apple mosaic virus (ApMV) have been studied; however, synonymous codon usage patterns influencing the survival rates and fitness of ApMV have not been reported. Based on phylogenetic analyses of 52 ApMV coat protein (CP) sequences obtained from apple, pear, and hazelnut, ApMV isolates were clustered into two groups. High molecular diversity in GII may indicate their recent expansion. A constant and conserved genomic composition of the CP sequences was inferred from the low codon usage bias. Nucleotide composition and relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) analysis indicated that the ApMV CP gene is AU-rich, but G- and U-ending codons are favored while coding amino acids. This unequal use of nucleotides together with parity rule 2 and the effective number of codon (ENC) plots indicate that mutation pressure together with natural selection drives codon usage patterns in the CP gene. However, in this combination, selection pressure plays a more crucial role. Based on principal component analysis plots, ApMV seems to have originated from apple trees in Europe. However, according to the relative codon deoptimization index and codon adaptation index (CAI) analyses, ApMV exhibited the greatest fitness to hazelnut. As inferred from the results of the similarity index analysis, hazelnut has a major role in shaping ApMV RSCU patterns, which is consistent with the CAI analysis results. This study contributes to the understanding of plant virus evolution, reveals novel information about ApMV evolutionary fitness, and helps find better ApMV management strategies.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2014

Objectives : Iridoid glycoside, swertiamarin is a well known bioactive component found in Swertia japonica Makino (SJ). In this study, we tried to optimize a suitable method which would extract swertiamarin effectively. Methods : Extraction of SJ was carried out by various conditions of time (5 - 60 min), temperature ($30-70^{\circ}C$), solvent (from non-polar to polar), and ratio of solvnet / sample (10 : 1 - 40 : 1) using ultrasonic extractor. Swertiamarin in SJ extracts was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography - Phtodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) using C18 column and the analytical procedure was validated by evaluation of specificity, range, linearity, accuracy (recovery), precision (intra- and inter day variability), limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). Results : An efficient extraction condition for swertiamarin in SJ was optimized using sonicator extraction (temperature $40^{\circ}C$, solvent 20% methanol, solvent / sample (20 : 1), and time 10 min. Analytical procedure was optimized by HPLC-PDA using isocratic solvent system of acetonitrile and water (9 : 91), and the method was validated in regard to linearity (correlation coefficient, $R^2$ > 0.9999), range ($50-1000{\mu}g/mL$), intra- and inter-precision (RSD < 5.0 %), and recovery (99 -103 %). LOD and LOQ were 0.051 and $0.155{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Conclusion : An optimized method of extraction for swertiamarin in SJ was established through conditions of diverse extraction and the validation result indicated that the method is suited for the determination of swertiamarin in SJ.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2023

Spring black stem and leaf spot, caused by Phoma medicaginis, is an issue in annual Medicago species. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the response to P. medicaginis infection in a collection of 46 lines of three annual Medicago species (M. truncatula, M. ciliaris, and M. polymorpha) showing different geographic distribution in Tunisia. The reaction in the host to the disease is explained by the effects based on plant species, lines nested within species, treatment, the interaction of species × treatment, and the interaction of lines nested within species × treatment. Medicago ciliaris was the least affected for aerial growth under infection. Furthermore, the largest variation within species was found for M. truncatula under both conditions. Principal component analysis and hierarchical classification showed that M. ciliaris lines formed a separate group under control treatment and P. medicaginis infection and they are the most vigorous in growth. These results indicate that M. ciliaris is the least susceptible in response to P. medicaginis infection among the three Medicago species investigated here, which can be used as a good candidate in crop rotation to reduce disease pressure in the field and as a source of P. medicaginis resistance for the improvement of forage legumes.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제50권
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• pp.115-126
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• 2023

A hydroponics experiment was performed to study the physiological and biochemical changes in Moroccan barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties cultivated under salt stress conditions. Four barley varieties were grown under exposure to three salt concentrations, including 0, 200, and 300 mM NaCl. The ANOVA for both salt stress-sensitive and resistant varieties indicated that salt treatment represented the main source of variability in all studied traits. Salt treatment significantly reduced root and shoot dry weight (RDW and SDW), relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll content (Chl a, Chl b, and Chl T). However, increases in electrolyte leakage (EL) along with proline and total soluble sugar (TSS) contents were recorded. In addition, large variations in all measured traits were found between varieties. The 'Massine' and 'Laanaceur' varieties displayed relatively higher RDW and SDW values. The 'Amira' and 'Adrar' varieties showed lower RWC values and Chl contents than those of the controls indicating their relative sensitivity to salt stress. Principal component analysis revealed that most of the variation was captured by PC1 (72% of the total variance) which grouped samples into three categories according to salt treatment. Correlation analyses highlighted significant associations between most parameters. Positive relationships were found between RDW, SDW, RWC, Chl content, and soluble proteins contents, while all of these parameters were negatively associated with EL intensity, proline content, and TSS content. The results from this study showed that the 'Massine' and 'Laanaceur' varieties were relatively salt-tolerant. These two salt-tolerant varieties present a good genetic background for breeding of barley varieties showing high salt tolerance.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.401-416
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• 2024

Long-span structures, such as bridges, can experience different seismic excitations at the supports due to spatially variability of ground motion. Regarding current bridge designing codes, it is just EC 2008 that suggested some regulations to consider it and in the other codes almost ignored while based on some previous studies it is found that the effect of mentioned issue could not be neglected. The current study aimed to perform a comprehensive study about the effect of spatially varying ground motions on the dynamic response of a reinforced concrete bridge under asynchronous input motions considering soil-structure interactions. The correlated ground motions were generated by an introduced method that contains all spatially varying components, and imposed on the supports of the finite element model under different load scenarios. Then the obtained results from uniform and non-uniform excitations were compared to each other. In addition, the effect of soil-structure interactions involved and the corresponding results compared to the previous results. Also, to better understand the seismic response of the bridge, the responses caused by pseudo-static components decompose from the total response. Finally, an incremental dynamic analysis was performed to survey the non-linear behavior of the bridge under assumed load scenarios. The outcomes revealed that the local site condition plays an important role and strongly amplifies the responses. Furthermore, it was found that a combination of wave-passage and strong incoherency severely affected the responses of the structure. Moreover, it has been found that the pseudo-static component's contribution increase with increasing incoherent parameters. In addition, regarding the soil condition was considered for the studied bridge, it was found that a combination of spatially varying ground motions and soil-structure interactions effects could make a very destructive scenarios like, pounding and unseating.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.86-97
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• 2007

현재 운영중인 국가지하수관측소의 지하수위 변동 특성을 파악하고자, 2003년부터 2005년까지의 156주 동안의 202개 암반관측정과 112개 충적관측정을 대상으로 주성분분석을 실시하였다. 암반 및 충적관측정의 지하수위에 대하여 80% 정도 설명 가능한 8개 주성분을 각각 추출하였으며 이중 충적관측정에 대해서는 주성분 인자적재값을 이용하여 군집분석을 실시한 결과 강우에 대한 지하수위의 반응(군집 1: 4.6일, 군집 2: 24.1일, 군집 3: 1.4일), 수위 변동추세(군집 1: $2.05{\times}10^{-4}$ m/day, 군집 2: $-7.85{\times}10^{-4}$ m/day, 군집 3: $-3.51{\times}10^{-5}$ m/day), 수위 변동 폭(군집 1 < 군집 2 < 군집3) 등에 의하여 설명되는 3개의 군집으로 분류되었으며, 각 군집은 유의수준 0.05에서 인근 하천과의 거리(군집 3 < 군집 2 < 군집 1), 지하수 함양율(군집 3 < 군집 2 < 군집 1) 및 지형 경사 특성(군집 3이 평야지대, 군집 1은 급경사 지역) 등에 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study was to provide sex-matched three-dimensional (3D) statistical shape models of the mandible, which would provide cephalometric parameters for 3D treatment planning and cephalometric measurements in orthognathic surgery. Materials and Methods: The subjects used to create the 3D shape models of the mandible included 23 males and 23 females. The mandibles were segmented semi-automatically from 3D facial CT images. Each individual mandible shape was reconstructed as a 3D surface model, which was parameterized to establish correspondence between different individual surfaces. The principal component analysis (PCA) applied to all mandible shapes produced a mean model and characteristic models of variation. The cephalometric parameters were measured directly from the mean models to evaluate the 3D shape models. The means of the measured parameters were compared with those from other conventional studies. The male and female 3D statistical mean models were developed from 23 individual mandibles, respectively. Results: The male and female characteristic shapes of variation produced by PCA showed a large variability included in the individual mandibles. The cephalometric measurements from the developed models were very close to those from some conventional studies. Conclusion: We described the construction of 3D mandibular shape models and presented the application of the 3D mandibular template in cephalometric measurements. Optimal reference models determined from variations produced by PCA could be used for craniofacial patients with various types of skeletal shape.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.125-129
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• 2010

숙성기간이 다른 재래식 된장 12종과 개량식 된장 4종의 아이소플라본과 $\beta$-glucosidase 활성도를 비교하였다. 재래식 된장의 전체 아이소플라본 함량(TI)은 $370-723\;{\mu}g/g$이었고, 개량식 된장은 $179-537\;{\mu}g/g$으로 유의적으로 낮은 함량을 보였다. 된장의 주요 아이소플라본은 비배당체 형태였으며 재래식 된장의 경우 42.98-89.96%, 개량식 된장은 35.51-93.48%이었다. 아이소플라본 함량 분포에 대한 주성분 분석 결과 재래식 된장은 개량식 된장과 차별화가 가능하였다. 개량식 된장의 경우 $\beta$-glucoside 형태는 검출되지 않았는데 이는 과도한 열처리를 받았거나 발효에 관여한 미생물의 $\beta$-glucosidase 활성이 높았음을 의미한다. 된장시료에서 $\beta$-glucosidase 활성도는 날콩에 비해 낮았으며 재래식 및 개량식 된장간에 유의적인 차이 및 아이소플라본의 분포와의 상관관계는 명확하지 않았다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1997

지구상에서 가장 따뜻한 해수면 온도를 가지고 있는 열대 서태평양은 많은 대류 시스템 과 큰 연강수략에 의해 특징지워진다. GMS-IR 자료로부터 얻어진 운량자료를 이용하여 이 지역 에서의 운량 일변동을 조사하였다. 구름의 시공간적인 분포에 관한 특징은 주로 운량의 일주기 및 반일주기 성분의 진폭과 주기를 통해 조사되었다. 대기-해양의 상호작용에 의해 운량 변동에는 다양한 주기들이 나타났는데, 특히 30-60일, 17-20 일, 7-8일, 일주기와 반일주긱가 탁월하였다. 북반구 겨울(남반구 여름) 기간 동안 뉴기니아, 호주 북부에 인접한 해양 그리고 160도E 동쪽에서 큰 운량이 분포하는 것으로 조사되었다. 육지와 인 접 해성에서의 운량 일변동은 외양의 경우에 비해 약 2배 정도 크게 나타났는데, 이것은 주로 해 양과 육지의 전형적인 비열차에 기인한 것으로 여겨진다. 운량의 최대치와 최소치는 육상의 경우 18:00시와 09:00시에 나타났고, 외양에서는 정오와 21:00시에 나타났다. 1일주기 성분의 진폭은 반 일주기 성분에 비해 육상에서 4.7배, 외양에서 1.5배 정도 크게 나타났다.