• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.426-429
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• 1996

Complex regional pain syndrome Type II(CRPS) can be diagnosed by new IASP criteria in 1994. Sympathetically maintained pain may or may not be present in a patient with complex regional pain syndrome. We experienced a CRPS Type II patient who has sympathetically maintained pain as a major painful nature developed after right multiple iliac bone fracture, right femoral artery thrombosis and lumbosacral plexus injury. Combination treatment with L2, L3, L4 sympathetic ganglion block and continuous lower thoracic epidural block for 30 days were tried to get long term effect. The patient had signs of successful. sympathetic denervation of the right foot. After that pain relief was sustained until three month later.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.93-97
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• 2012

Complex regional pain syndrome type 1(CRPS 1) is a neuropathic pain disorder that accompanies severe pain and motor deficit as well as changes in the skin in the extremities. The pathophysiology of CRPS 1 is still not exactly elucidated. However, the general consensus of involvement of inflammatory mediators in the development of CRPS 1 is amply made. On the basis that placental extract successfully inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines and mediators in several experimental models, we have tried a long-term weekly injection of placental extract into acupuncture points to a CRPS 1 patient suffering pain and immobilization of shoulder joint. The results say that placental extract effectively resolved pain, restored skin color and improved immobilization of shoulder joint in the CRPS 1 patient.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.57-61
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• 2010

The complex regional pain syndrome(CRPS) is a painful and disabling disorder that can affect one or more extremities. Unfortunately, knowledge concerning its natural history and mechanism remains very limited. Many current rationales in treatment of CRPS are mainly dependent on efficacy originate in other common conditions of neuropathic pain. This article introduces various treatments for CRPS, but few studies of high methodological quality have been carried out into the effects of those treatments. I think early recognition and a multidisciplinary approach to management seems important in obtaining a good outcome.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.35-45
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• 2022

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic regional pain disorder that most frequently affects the limbs. It is characterized by hyperalgesia, allodynia, edema, motor disturbance, and vasomotor instability, and typically occurs following surgery or trauma. In type-I CRPS there is no confirmed nerve injury, while peripheral nerve injury is present in type-II CRPS. The multifactorial pathophysiological etiology of CRPS includes inflammation, autoimmune responses, abnormal cytokine production, autonomic dysfunction, altered blood flow, psychological factors, and central cortical reorganization. There are no specific laboratory diagnostic tools for CRPS, and so it is diagnosed clinically. The Budapest criteria are currently the most-accepted diagnostic criteria.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.191-195
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• 2006

This article presents a case report of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) involving the ankle and foot; the bee-venom herbal acupuncture (BVH) was performed as part of a pain management program. An 46-year-old man presented with CRPS in the left lower extremity that was inadequately controlled with typical oral medication. Sympathetic block the extremity did not provide significant pain relief. However, BVH resulted in significant pain relief and improvement in patient's attitude. This case report showed that BVH may be efficacious in treating patients with CRPS. Further study is needed to determine the effects of BVH on symptoms related to CRPS.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.274-277
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• 1997

The complex regional pain syndrome(CRPS) exhibit symptoms such as: abnormal skin color, temperature change, abnormal pseudomotor activity, edema. If CRPS is not treated appropriately at acute stage, then the affected extremity may become a useless, painful appendage. Treatment of CRPS by sympathetic blockade may be achieved by repeated intravenous regional guanethidine blocks, repeated anesthetic sympathetic blocks, surgical sympathectomy or oral sympatholytic therapy. We treated 29-year-old male patient with CRPS of left upper extremity by continuous cervical epidural blockade. Due to wound infection and dislocation of the epidural catheter, we inserted an implantable port system to inject the mixture of local anesthetics and small amount of morphine. After 10 months of treatment, patient was cured of symptoms and signs of CRPS and was able to resume a normal life.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.160-163
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• 2013

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are very rare sarcomas derived from various cells in the peripheral nerve sheath. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors have a known association with neurofibromatosis type 1. Diagnosis of MPNSTs is difficult in patients with chronic pain, when MPNST occurs at an overlapping area of chronic pain. Therefore, the diagnosis can be missed unless clinicians pay attention to the possibility of this disease. Here in, we report a case of concurrent malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with complex regional pain syndrome type 1. A 44-year female patient, who was diagnosed with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type 1 in her left ankle, visited our clinic because of aggravated pain. The cause of the aggravated pain was revealed as concurrent MPNST in the left common peroneal nerve territory, which overlapped the site of pain from CRPS.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.91-116
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• 2010

As Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a new and rare illness, medical cause for it has not yet been clearly found out. Nevertheless, the patients continue to file lawsuits for damage compensation against wrongdoers or their insurers, claiming that the cause of the illness is certain actions of the wrongdoers. Moreover, the claim amount reaches to hundreds of millions of won through billions of won unlike other illnesses. Therefore, CRPS has become an important legal issue in the damage compensation lawsuit. Even though the wound is slight, the development and result may be serious in the case of CRPS. As a result, a sharp conflict arises even regarding medical diagnosis of CRPS in the lawsuit. And, even if the medical diagnosis of CRPS is admitted, severe debates occurs with regard to many issues, which include the causation between accident and CRPS in connection with establishment of damage compensation liability and scope of liability like anamnesis, determination standard of aftereffect disability, and scope of admitted aftereffect medical expense in connection with scope of damage compensation. In this study, I will review fundamental medical research on CRPS up to now and discuss principal legal issues in the damage compensation lawsuit focusing on lower court rulings.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.895-903
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• 2018

Objectives: This study reports on the efficacy of using integrative Korean medical treatments for Type 1 complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Methods: A 48-year-old female patient with Type 1 R/O CRPS was treated with herbal medicines, acupuncture, and pharmacopuncture for 38 days. The chief complaints were severe burning pain, general weakness, sleep disorder, and aggressive and depressed mood. The treatment effect was evaluated by measuring the numerical rating scale (NRS) of pain, improvement of the quality of sleep, and change in mood status. Results: After the hospital treatment, the patient's pain was controlled and the NRS score was decreased. Sleep and mood disorder also improved. Conclusions: The integrative Korean medical treatments appeared to be effective in reducing Type 1 CRPS symptoms. Further clinical research of patients with CRPS is needed.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.36-38
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• 2007

The pathomechanisms involved in both restless legs syndrome (RLS) and complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I) are still controversial whether they are central or peripheral origins. We recently encountered a patient who had an unusual coexistence of both RLS and CRPS I, and both of which showed good responses to sympathetic block. These findings suggest the role of peripheral mechanisms, especially unmyelinated small autonomic fiber, in both RLS and CRPS I.