• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.461-472
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• 2004

Objectives : For the screening of neuroprotective effects of medicinal herbs, the complex system of animal models suffer some disadvantages in controlling critical parameters such as blood pressure and body temperature. Additionally, application of drugs to the appropriate brain area sometimes is difficult, due to poor permeability though the blood brain barrier, and so potential protective effects might be masked. Methods : Organotypic hippocampal slice culture (OHSC) method has the advantages of being relatively easy to prepare and of maintaining the general structure, including tissue integrity and the connections between cells. Drugs can easily be applied and neuronal damage can easily be quantified by using tissues and culture media. This study demonstrates neuroprotective effects of Puerariae radix (葛根, PR), Salviae miltiorrhizae radix (丹蔘, SR), Rhei rhizoma (大黃, RR), and Bupleuri radix (柴胡, BR). These were screenedand compared to MK-801, antagonist of NMDA receptors, by using OHSC of 1 week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) were conducted in an anaerobic chamber $(85%\;N_2,\;10%\;CO_2\;and\;5%\;H_2)$ in a deoxygenated glucose-free medium for 60 minutes. Water extracts of each herbs were treated to culture media with $5\;{\mu}g/ml$ for 48 hours. Results : Neuronal cell death in the cultures was monitored by densitometric measurements of the cellular uptake of propidium iodide (PI). PI fluorescence images were obtained at 48 hours after the OGD and medicinal herb treatment. Also TUNEL-positive cells in the CAI and DG regions and LDH concentrations in culture media were measured at 48 hours after the OGD. According to measured data, MK-801, PR, SR and BR demonstrated significant neuroprotective effect against excessive neuronal cell death and apoptosis induced by the OGD insult. Especially, PR revealed similar neuroprotective effect to MK-801 and RR demonstrated weak neuroprotective effect. Conclusions : These results suggest that OHSC can be a suitable method for screening of neuroprotective effects of medicinal herbs. (This work was supported by the research program of Dongguk University and Grant 01-PJ9-PG1-01CO03-0003 from Ministry of Health & Welfare.)

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.12
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• pp.168-175
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• 2013

Color consistency in stereoscopic contents is important for 3D display systems. Even with a stereo camera of the same model and with the same hardware settings, complex color discrepancies occur when acquiring high quality stereo images. In this paper, we propose an integrated color matching method that use cumulative histogram in global matching and estimated 3D-distance for the stage of local matching. The distance between the current pixel and the target local region is computed using depth information and the spatial distance in the 2D image plane. The 3D-distance is then used to determine the similarity between the current pixel and the target local region. The overall algorithm is described as follow; First, the cumulative histogram matching is introduced for reducing global color discrepancies. Then, the proposed local color matching is established for reducing local discrepancies. Finally, a weight-based combination of global and local matching is computed. Experimental results show the proposed algorithm has improved global and local error correction performance for stereoscopic contents with respect to other approaches.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.545-559
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• 1996

Rare metal (Nb-Zr-REE) ore deposits are located in the Chungju area. Geotectonically, the rare metal ore deposits are situated in the transitional zone between Kyeonggi massif and Okcheon belt. The rare metal deposits are distributed in Kyemyeongsan Formation which consist of schist and alkaline igneous rocks. Alkali granite has suffered extensive post-magmatic metasomatism and hydrothermal processes. The ore contains mainly Ce-La, Ta-Nb, Y, Y-Nd, Nd-Th group minerals. More than 15 RE and REE minerals are found in the ore deposits. Allanite, one of the Ce-La rich REE minerals belonging to the epidote group, is the most common mineral in the studied area. The allanite- bearing rocks may be devided into seven types by features of occurrence and mineral associations; zircon type (ZT), allanite-vein type (AT), feldspar type (KT), fluorite type (FT), quartz-mica type (QT), iron-oxide type (MT), and amphibole type (HT). The allanite veins (AT) and zircon rich rocks (ZT) contain the highest total REE contents. Differences in REE abundance can be interpreted in terms of varying portions of magmatic hydrothermal fluid. Petrographical and chemical data are presented for allanites which were collected from different types. The allanites show wide variations in optical properties, due in part to differences in their chemical composition (depending on the types) and to the degree of crystallinity of the individual specimens. Allanite metamicts in biotite are generally surrounded by well developed pleochroic haloes. Usually, allanite is accompanied by zircon and other REE-bearing minerals. CaO and total REE contents $({\sum}RE_2O_3)$ range from 9.29 to 18.79% and 11.66 to 26.31%, respectively. Also, SiO, (28.87~32.61%), $Al_2O_3$ (8.30~16.88%), and $Fc_2O_3$ (16.74~24.38%) contents show varying contents from type to type. The ${\sum}RE_2O_3$ of allanite has positive relationships with $Fe_2O_3$ and negative relaton with CaO, $SiO_2$, and $Al_2O_3$ Backscattered electron microscope images (BEl) of allanite shows that the its mineral composition and texture is very complex. The allanite-bearing hosts show distinct light REE enrichment with strong negative Eu anomaly except for HI. The HT has an almost flat REE distribution pattern with a small negative Eu anomaly. The chemical variation of the allanites with occurrences and mineral association can be related to condition of temperature and oxidation states in precipitation environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 2013

A force calibration of a nanoindenter and a 3D morphology observation of indenters were carried out in this study. A microbalance calibrated with standard weights was used for measuring the loads generated by a nanoindenter. The indentation load could be calibrated from the ratio of measured and generated loads and the first contact load also could be detected from the microbalance data. By analyzing atomic force microscopy images of two indenters, curvature radii of apexes were determined by $19.71{\pm}3.03$ and $1043.94{\pm}50.91$ nm, respectively, for the nearly new indenter A and the severly worn indenter B. Corresponding bluntness depths were estimated by 1.22 and 64.56 nm for the both indenters by overlapping their profiles on the perfect pyramidal shape. In addition, nanoindentation curves obtained from a fused silica reference material with the both indenters showed a depth difference corresponding to the bluntness depth difference along the indentation depth axis. By shifting amounts of the bluntness depths along the horizontal axis, whole nanoindentation curves overlapped on themselves and resulted in nanohardness values consistent within 1.11 % without considering the complex indenter area function of each indenter.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.585-595
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• 2020

Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) has become an important technique for examining changes in human brain structure with neurological disorders. Brain development is a very complex process, and is affected by neurogenesiss and genetic programs. As age increases, structures of the brain change, which can contribute to the formation of brain diseases. Among the various factors, Gender is one of the greatest influential factors that affect the development of a healthy brain. The images were analyzed through various programs found in FSL such as SIENAX, FIRST, and Vertex analysis. Our results show that significant gender-related differences in subcortical areas were observed at the particular age group. The magnitude of these differences between gender and volume varied depending on the area investigated. In this study, we used more advanced 3T MRI for the structural analysis of subcortical structures between each gender. In addition, Vertex Analysis was used to visualize the volumetric differences in subcortical structures between each gender. This study is limited to groups in their 70s, therefore, further studies are needed for wider age groups.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.293-297
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• 2007

This thesis suggests a new algorithm to detects multiple moving objects using a CMODE(Correct Multiple Object DEtection) method in the color images acquired in real-time and to track the interested pedestrian using motion and hue information. The multiple objects are detected, and then shaking trees or moving cars are removed using structural characteristics and shape information of the man , the interested pedestrian can be detected, The first similarity judgment for tracking an interested pedestrian is to use the distance between the previous interested pedestrian's centroid and the present pedestrian's centroid. For the area where the first similarity is detected, three feature points are calculated using k-mean algorithm, and the second similarity is judged and tracked using the average hue value for the $3{\times}3$ area of each feature point. The zooming of camera is adjusted to track an interested pedestrian at a long distance easily and the FOV(Field of View) of camera is adjusted in case the pedestrian is not situated in the fixed range of the screen. As a experiment results, comparing the suggested CMODE method with the labeling method, an average approach rate is one fourth of labeling method, and an average detecting time is faster three times than labeling method. Even in a complex background, such as the areas where trees are shaking or cars are moving, or the area of shadows, interested pedestrian detection is showed a high detection rate of average 96.5%. The tracking of an interested pedestrian is showed high tracking rate of average 95% using the information of situation and hue, and interested pedestrian can be tracked successively through a camera FOV and zooming adjustment.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2003

In Korea, quality evaluation of dried oak mushrooms are done first by classifying them into more than 10 different categories based on the state of opening of the cap, surface pattern, and colors. And mushrooms of each category are further classified into 3 or 4 groups based on its shape and size, resulting into total 30 to 40 different grades. Quality evaluation and sorting based on the external visual features are usually done manually. Since visual features of mushroom affecting quality grades are distributed over the entire surface of the mushroom, both front (cap) and back (stem and gill) surfaces should be inspected thoroughly. In fact, it is almost impossible for human to inspect every mushroom, especially when they are fed continuously via conveyor. In this paper, considering real time on-line system implementation, image processing algorithms utilizing artificial neural network have been developed for the quality grading of a mushroom. The neural network based image processing utilized the raw gray value image of fed mushrooms captured by the camera without any complex image processing such as feature enhancement and extraction to identify the feeding state and to grade the quality of a mushroom. Developed algorithms were implemented to the prototype on-line grading and sorting system. The prototype was developed to simplify the system requirement and the overall mechanism. The system was composed of automatic devices for mushroom feeding and handling, a set of computer vision system with lighting chamber, one chip microprocessor based controller, and pneumatic actuators. The proposed grading scheme was tested using the prototype. Network training for the feeding state recognition and grading was done using static images. 200 samples (20 grade levels and 10 per each grade) were used for training. 300 samples (20 grade levels and 15 per each grade) were used to validate the trained network. By changing orientation of each sample, 600 data sets were made for the test and the trained network showed around 91 % of the grading accuracy. Though image processing itself required approximately less than 0.3 second depending on a mushroom, because of the actuating device and control response, average 0.6 to 0.7 second was required for grading and sorting of a mushroom resulting into the processing capability of 5,000/hr to 6,000/hr.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.45
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• pp.27-50
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• 2016

The present study argues that documentary-animation films, which are based on actual human voices, on the level of representation, constitute a new expansion for the medium of animation films, which serve as testimonies to the real world. Animation films are produced using very diverse techniques so that they are complex to the degree of being indefinable, and documentary films, though based on objective representation, increase in complexity in that there exist various types of artificial interventions such as direction and digital image processing. Having emerged as a hybrid genre of the two media, documentary-animation films draw into themselves actual events and elements so that they conceptually share reality-based narratives and are visually characterized by the trappings of animation films. Generally classified as 'animated documentaries', this genre triggered discussions following the release of , a work that is mistaken as having used rotoscoping transforming live action in terms of the technique. When analyzed in detail, however, this work is presented as an ambiguous medium where the characteristics of animation films, which are virtual simulacra without reality, and of documentaries, which are based on the objective indexicality of the referents, coexist because of its mixed use of typical animation techniques, 3D programs, and live-action images. Discussed in the present study, , , and share the characteristics of the medium of documentaries in that the narratives develop as testimonies of historical figures but, at the same time, are connected to animation films because of their production techniques and direction characteristics. Consequently, this medium must be discussed as a new expansion rather than being included in the existing classification system, and such a presupposition is an indispensable process for directly facing the reality of the works and for developing discussions. Through works that directly use the interviewees' voices yet do not transcend the characteristics of animation films, the present study seeks to define documentary-animation films and to discuss the possibility of the medium, which has expanded as a testimony to the real world.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.795-835
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• 2019

Big data has been generated in various fields. Many companies have now tried to make profits by building a system capable of analyzing big data based on artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. Integrating AI technology has made analyzing and utilizing vast amounts of data increasingly valuable. In particular, demand forecasting with maximum accuracy is critical to government and business management in various fields such as finance, procurement, production and marketing. In this case, it is important to apply an appropriate model that considers the demand pattern for each field. It is possible to analyze complex patterns of real data that can also be enlarged by a traditional time series model or regression model. However, choosing the right model among the various models is difficult without prior knowledge. Many studies based on AI techniques such as machine learning and deep learning have been proven to overcome these problems. In addition, demand forecasting through the analysis of stereotyped data and unstructured data of images or texts has also shown high accuracy. This paper introduces important areas where demand forecasts are relatively active as well as introduces machine learning and deep learning techniques that consider the characteristics of each field.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.679-691
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• 2002

Volume visualization is an important subarea of scientific visualization, and is concerned with techniques that are effectively used in generating meaningful and visual information from abstract and complex volume datasets, defined in three- or higher-dimensional space. It has been increasingly important in various fields including meteorology, medical science, and computational fluid dynamics, and so on. On the other hand, virtual reality is a research field focusing on various techniques that aid gaining experiences in virtual worlds with visual, auditory and tactile senses. In this paper, we have developed a visualization system for CAVE, an immersive 3D virtual environment system, which generates stereoscopic images from huge human volume datasets in real-time using an improved volume visualization technique. In order to complement the 3D texture-mapping based volume rendering methods, that easily slow down as data sizes increase, our system utilizes an image-based rendering technique to guarantee real-time performance. The system has been designed to offer a variety of user interface functionality for effective visualization. In this article, we present detailed description on our real-time stereoscopic visualization system, and show how the Visible Korean Human dataset is effectively visualized on CAVE.