• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.67-76
• /
• 2002

We report the reorganization of motor network resulted from intensive unilateral coordination training and the effect of cross education on the untrained side in patient with traumatic brain injury using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A 22 year-old male patient who had suffered from diffuse axonal injury for 58 months showed coordination deficit in the left hand at initial examination. Intensive motor training including complex finger movements and coordination activities using a metronome was introduced to the patient 4 hours per day for a week. FMRI was performed on a 3T ISOL Forte scanner. All functional images were analyzed using SPM-99 software. Hand function was improved after training not only in the trained left hand, but also in the untrained right hand. There was no activation in the right primary motor area (M1) during left hand movement before training whereas robust activation of left M1 was demonstrated by the right hand movement. Profuse activation of bilateral prefrontal lobes was seen during both hand movements before training. After training of left hand, right M1 became prominently activated during the left hand motion. The activation of bilateral prefrontal lobes disappeared after training not only for the left hand movement but also for the right, which clearly demonstrated the effect of cross education. This case report demonstrated the learning-dependent reorganization of the M1 and the effect of cross education.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 2007

Wellbeing is a new trend to modern people and Spa facilities are an appropriate space to them seeking a wellbeing life. Spa facilities will be increased in demand as a value of a public welfare and wellbeing life and the study of them is required. Therefore this study was to analysed domestic and foreign spa programs and characteristic spaces. When synthesizing many spa programs they were divided into three parts: hydrotherapy as a healing therapy using water, touch therapy as a type of massage using a manual and subsidiary equipment and mind therapy to heal spirit. Space of spa facilities were divided into three parts: the supporting part, the relaxing and mediating parts and the room for therapy. The supporting parts included a front desk, a consulting room, lockers, bath room and acceptance rooms etc and they were arranged in entrance space generally. The rooms for therapy were composed with a room for hydrotherapy using water, rooms for touch therapy and rooms for mind therapy refreshing a spirit and they were established contiguously being used efficiently. The mediating parts provided spaces for relaxation and waiting place between therapies and they were established in independent space generally but they are paid attention at good spaces forming the community of visitors and giving a characteristic images for the spa. Spa has been divided into several types in accordance with age of visitors for example children, young people, middle aged people and aged people. It has equipped with complex functions from welfare to medical. Therefore it is thought that many studies of each facilities become accomplished to propose suitable interior design.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 2017

Infrared signals are frequently used to detect objects exposed to wide variety of environmental conditions. Detection by infrared signature is accomplished by distinguishing objects by using the IR radiant contrast between objects and the background. There are several methods of estimating the IR radiant contrast. The inverse distance weighting method, which is one of the IR radiant contrast estimation method using the effect of distance from objects, is known to be an effective way to analyze radiant contrast for complex backgrounds. However this method has a disadvantage of requiring a long calculation time. In this study we propose a statistical method of estimating the IR radiant contrast by using randomly selected pixels of arbitrary number among background pixels to reduce calculation time. Some measured IR images in MWIR and LWIR regions are used to test the applicability of the method proposed and we found that the proposed method is very effective in determining the IR radiant contrast showing very rapid estimation with minar accuracy loss.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.8 no.8
• /
• pp.1080-1087
• /
• 2005

Significant computations for full search (FS) motion estimation have been a big obstacle in real-time video coding and recent MPEG-4 AVC (advanced video coding) standard requires much more computations than conventional MPEG-2 for motion estimation. To reduce an amount of computation of full search (FS) algorithm for fast motion estimation, we propose a new and fast matching algorithm without any degradation of predicted images like the conventional FS. The computational reduction without any degradation in predicted image comes from fast elimination of impossible candidate motion vectors. We obtain faster elimination of inappropriate motion vectors using efficient matching units from localization of complex area in image data and dithering order based matching scan. Our algorithm reduces about $30\%$ of computations for block matching error compared with the conventional partial distortion elimination (PDE) algorithm, and our algorithm will be useful in real-time video coding applications using MPEG-4 AVC or MPEG-2.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.483-492
• /
• 2013

SURF is an algorithm which extracts feature points and generates their descriptors from input images, and it is being used for many applications such as object recognition, tracking, and constructing panorama pictures. Although SURF is known to be robust to changes of scale, rotation, and view points, it is hard to implement it in real time due to its complex and repetitive computations. Using 3.3 GHz Pentium, in our experiment, it takes 240ms to extract feature points and create descriptors in a VGA image containing about 1,000 feature points, which means that software implementation cannot meet the real time requirement, especially in embedded systems. In this paper, we present a hardware architecture that can compute the SURF algorithm very fast while consuming minimum hardware resources. Two key concepts of our architecture are parallelism (for repetitive computations) and efficient line memory usage (obtained by analyzing memory access patterns). As a result of FPGA synthesis using Xilinx Virtex5LX330, it occupies 101,348 LUTs and 1,367 KB on-chip memory, giving performance of 30 frames per second at 100 MHz clock.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
• /
• no.7
• /
• pp.89-123
• /
• 2009

The Philippines was colonized by Spain for about centuries, from 1521 to 1898, and ruled by America for around four decades, from 1899 to 1946. After recovering from the Second World War, the government started to harness human labor as export itself. In the present time the overseas Filipinos keep the economy afloat with their steady transfer of money to relatives and dependents. Through the art works, the issue which Filipinos were exploited and exported by its government has been reflected as the various allegories. As Filipinos traditionally follow and keep Catholic belief, themes of Christ's sacrifice has allegorically been represented as salvation, struggle, suppression, and emancipation of people. Through the allegory, we can interpret both the intrinsic and superficial texts. Also we can identity certain modes of the visuality of allegory in selected works from Philippine art history that in their complex mediations materialize the people and dignity of their predicament and their prevailing. Philippine art can be divided as three different features: passion, vagrancy, and mass formation. The passion stage was depicted as deep structure of Christian thought and devotional feeling, harsh capitalist system. In the pictures of vagrancy, under the regime of Ferdinand Marcos, the themes of drift, deprivation, and homelessness are reckoned through the images of pictures. The stories represented with allegory have been played an important role to bring local issues up as national ones. Those stages take us to the processes of mass formation or the depiction of the people as a moment in the totality of force. The allegorical sign refers to another sign that precedes it, but with which it will never able to coincide reach back to a previous stage and in this constant attempt at return incorporates a structural distance from its origin. The true people's art is one that radically generates transformative technologies and techniques so that it irrevocably breaks the plane of "art". In the painting, the truth is represented by functioning as foundation of a rhetoric of the image. And at this axis, the passional, the vagrant, and the mass formation tend to come together because they render the form of contingency that must be suffered and hopefully surpassed, a Filipino subjectivity that must be stitched in time.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.124-128
• /
• 2005

Objective: Congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome(CBPS) has been defined as a characteristic malformative perisylvian polymicrogyria(PMG) in patients with clinical symptoms of pseudobulbar palsy and epileptic seizures. For the present study, we investigate clinicopathologic features of CBPS associated with timing of lesion formation. Methods: Clinicopathologic features of CBPS from 6 patients with surgical resection of the cerebral lesions due to medically intractable seizures were studied. Results: Seizure onset ranged from 1 to 10years (average 6.7years) of age, and average duration of seizure was 23years. All had complex partial seizures, and two patients had additional tonic clonic seizures. Magnetic resonance (MR) images showed polymicrogyria, atropic gyri with gliosis. In the histopathologic examination, the cortical lesions revealed features of ulegyria; atrophic and sclerotic gyri, laminar loss of neurons, extensive lobular gliosis throughout the gray and white matter, neuronoglial nodule formation, and many amyloid bodies. Unlayered or four-layered PMG was not identified. Conclusion: Above data suggest that CBPS might be caused by ulegyria resulting from developmental cortical defect during early fetal stage or acquired hypoxic/ischemic injury in prenatal or postnatal life.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.50 no.3
• /
• pp.13-30
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to analyzed the types of Deformation dipicted on the late 1990s western costumes. The late 20th century cultural experience or lifestyle is interpreted with 'popular culture' ,popular culture is described as cultural phenomenon in postmodern condition. Contemporary popular culture may no longer be strictly 'working-class' as the idealistic purists of political formalism would like to , but does emerge from subordinate cultures, from the inventive edges of the consensus, and from the previously ignored and suppressed. It gestured through a widening democratization of styles, sounds and images, to an important remarking , to new possibilities , new perpectives, new projects. The growing importance of popular culture as a source for change of expression in the art, expecially new desire and will of artists has been caused lots of ' Deformation' in their works. Deformation, doesn't mean to represent object faithfully as it were seen through the artist's eyes. In a sense it implies that artists deform it with conscious or unconscious form. So in this study , the phenomenon of the postmodern western costumes is to describe ' formative language' called 'Deformation.' and it is classified three types, that is, 'Deformation of human-body image.' , Deformation of silhouette.' 'Deformation of detail.'. First , Deformation of human-body image is represented by deconstructive , subversive image in western costumes, a lot of costumes types of deconstruction have been shown by fashion designers are emphasized empathy with Deformation of human-body image. Second, Deformation of silhouette is also represented subversion of traditional manner and ultiity, underwear and outwear structure and ugly image. parody image of postumodernism , and so on. Above all, the late 1990s western costumes with Deformation of silhouette was an infinitely larger and more complex world than it appeared from outside and has expressed as a rejection against the values which traditional aesthetic concept had pursued, And parody through the change of internal meaning is to bring about parodox, irony, contempt, satire , unexpectedness by applying the original to inapproporate subject through its substition, inversion. Third, Deformation of detail is represented overdecoration, exaggerative distortion of for , overlapping and fetish image, parody image, kitsch image, and so on , Once fetish achieve a certain' style factor' among trendsettler, they are picked up by internationally famous fashion designers, The characteristics of kitsch are overdecoration , unfitness , imitation , used western costumes.

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.33-38
• /
• 2017

Creating individualized build-up material for superficial photon beam radiation therapy at irregular surface is complex with rice or commonly used flat shape bolus. In this study, we implemented a workflow using 3D printed patient specific bolus and describe our clinical experience. To provide better fitted build-up to irregular surface, the 3D printing technique was used. The PolyLactic Acid (PLA) which processed with nontoxic plant component was used for 3D printer filament material for clinical usage. The 3D printed bolus was designed using virtual bolus structure delineated on patient CT images. Dose distributions were generated from treatment plan for bolus assigned uniform relative electron density and bolus using relative electron density from CT image and compared to evaluate the inhomogeneity effect of bolus material. Pretreatment QA is performed to verify the relative electron density applied to bolus structure by gamma analysis. As an in-vivo dosimetry, Optically Stimulated Luminescent Dosimeters (OSLD) are used to measure the skin dose. The plan comparison result shows that discrepancies between the virtual bolus plan and printed bolus plan are negligible. (0.3% maximum dose difference and 0.2% mean dose difference). The dose distribution is evaluated with gamma method (2%, 2 mm) at the center of GTV and the passing rate was 99.6%. The OSLD measurement shows 0.3% to 2.1% higher than expected dose at patient treatment lesion. In this study, we treated Mycosis fungoides patient with patient specific bolus using 3D printing technique. The accuracy of treatment plan was verified by pretreatment QA and in-vivo dosimetry. The QA results and 4 month follow up result shows the radiation treatment using 3D printing bolus is feasible to treat irregular patient skin.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.119-127
• /
• 2010

This study investigates the examples of artistic intervention especially on the surface of architecture as a meeting place of art and architecture. Artistic intervention demonstrates the possibilities for the meaningful integration of arts into architectural spaces. This study summarizes the characteristics of artistic intervention on the surfaces of architectures as follow; first, the artistic intervention is applied to the broad ranges of designs including public art, architectural design and sign design that establish identities and unique characters to the spaces. Second, the artistic intervention on the surfaces is conducted by the participation of the various fields of artists, i.e. painters, installation artists, graphic designers and landscape designers. The artistic intervention is also conducted by individual collaboration between artists and architects as well as by the forms of public art of art-in-architecture program. Third, the artistic intervention on the surfaces is expressed using the complex combination of images, colors, patterns, and texts. They are applied to enhance the aesthetic and symbolic characters of buildings in public arts, to improve the visual characters of architectural design with graphics, colors, and patterns, as well as to increase communication skills and cognitive effects of sign design with letters and colors on walls and floor surfaces. Fourth, the artistic intervention is also applied on the surfaces to encourage people to communicate historic and symbolic meanings related to the locations and functions. Thus, graphics on the architectural surfaces could provide a public space, with which people could share common feeling on public arts. As a conclusion, the study finds that artistic intervention either as artworks or as elements of architectural design can not only enhance the aesthetic quality of architectural space but also expand the techniques of design representation. In addition, the artistic intervention can contribute to create a new realm of design where artists and architects work together to enrich our surroundings.