• Toxicological Research
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2012

This study investigated the human health risks of trichloroethylene from Industrial Complex A. The excessive carcinogenic risks for central tendency exposure were $1.40{\times}10^{-5}$ for male and female residents in the vicinity of Industrial Complex A. The excessive cancers risk for reasonable maximum exposure were $2.88{\times}10^{-5}$ and $1.97{\times}10^{-5}$ for males and females, respectively. These values indicate that there are potential cancer risks for exposure to these concentrations. The hazard index for central tendency exposure to trichloroethylene was 1.71 for male and female residents. The hazard indexes for reasonable maximum exposure were 3.27 and 2.41 for males and females, respectively. These values were over one, which is equivalent to the threshold value. This result showed that adverse cancer and non-cancer health effects may occur and that some risk management of trichloroethylene from Industrial Complex A was needed.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2010

Embodying the safety of radioactive waste disposal requires the relevant safety criteria and the corresponding stylized methods to demonstrate its compliance with the criteria. This paper proposes a conceptual model of risk-based safety evaluation for integrating complex potential radiation exposure situations in radioactive waste disposal. For demonstrating compliance with a risk constraint, the approach deals with important exposure scenarios from the viewpoint of the receptor to estimate the resulting risk. For respective exposure situations, it considers the occurrence probabilities of the relevant exposure scenarios as their probability of giving rise to doses to estimate the total risk to a representative person by aggregating the respective risks. In this model, an exposure scenario is simply constructed with three components:radionuclide release, radionuclide migration and environment contamination, and interaction between the contaminated media and the receptor. A set of exposure scenarios and the representative person are established from reasonable combinations of the components, based on a balance of their occurrence probabilities and the consequences. In addition, the probability of an exposure scenario is estimated on the assumption that the initiating external factors influence release mechanisms and transport pathways, and its effect on the interaction between the environment and the receptor may be covered in terms of the representative person. This integrated approach enables a systematic risk assessment for complex exposure situations of radioactive waste disposal and facilitates the evaluation of compliance with risk constraints.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.78-85
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• 1995

Ornithine decarboxylase(ODC) is an indicate enzyme in carcinogenesis. We divided Sprague Dawley rats into six groups: control, electric field exposure, X-ray only irradiation, X-ray irradiation with electric field exposure group, Sr-90 injected group and Sr-90 and electric field complex exposure group. The ODC activity was measured in rat's bone marrow cell every week. The results were summarized as follows: The ODC activitied was increased in X-ray irradiated, Sr-90 injected and Sr-90 and electric field complex exposed group as compared with that of control(p<0.05). The ODC activity was increased comparing that of control neither in X-ray and electric field complex exposed group nor electric field only exposed group. This result suggests that the electric field doesn't have myeloid carcinogenicity and myeloid cancer incidence caused by ionized radiation is suppressed by electric field exposure.

• 분석과학
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2014

선진국에서 유해물질을 함유하는 소비자 제품의 위해성 관리를 위해 CONSEXPO등의 다양한 소비자 노출평가 모델을 개발하여 소비자 제품에 함유된 유해화학물질의 노출로 인한 위해도를 평가하고 이를 규제 기준의 설정근거로 활용하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 다양한 시나리오에 적용할 수 있는 노출평가 모델을 검토하고 대상 제품을 선정하여 적정 모델을 적용하여 위해성 평가 단계에 따라 위해성 평가를 하여 제품 별 위해성 평가 기법을 마련하고자 하였다. 작성된 노출 시나리오를 바탕으로 노출 계수를 선정한 뒤 CONSEXPO 노출평가 모델을 기반으로 하여 알고리즘을 작성 한 결과 프탈레이트류의 경우 일부 장판에서 전이량이 검출되었으나 함량과 전이량의 상관관계를 살펴본 결과 r-square 0.0065으로 상관관계가 거의 없는 것으로 나타나, 이 결과를 기준으로 함량 기준값을 산출하는 것은 무리가 있다고 사료되며 현행제품기준을 유지하는 것이 무방할 것으로 판단된다. 휘발성유기화합물 또한 인체에 유해하지 않은 것으로 나타났으므로 현행 기준을 준수 할 경우 큰 무리가 없을 것으로 것을 판단, 새로운 기준을 제시 하지 않았다. 중금속의 경우 전이량이 검출되지 않았으므로 위해성 평가는 수행하지 않았다. 따라서 경피노출로 인한 인체의 유해가능성은 매우 적을 것으로 판단할 수 있다.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• 제35권
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• pp.23.1-23.14
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• 2023

Background: Exposure to heavy metals is a public health concern worldwide. Previous studies on the association between heavy metal exposure and neurobehavioral functions in children have focused on single exposures and clinical manifestations. However, the present study evaluated the effects of heavy metal complex exposure on subclinical neurobehavioral function using a Korean Computerized Neurobehavior Test (KCNT). Methods: Urinary mercury, lead, cadmium analyses as well as symbol digit substitution (SDS) and choice reaction time (CRT) tests of the KCNT were conducted in children aged between 10 and 12 years. Reaction time and urinary heavy metal levels were analyzed using partial correlation, linear regression, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), the weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and quantile G-computation analysis. Results: Participants of 203 SDS tests and 198 CRT tests were analyzed, excluding poor cooperation and inappropriate urine sample. Partial correlation analysis revealed no association between neurobehavioral function and exposure to individual heavy metals. The result of multiple linear regression shows significant positive association between urinary lead, mercury, and CRT. BMKR, WQS regression and quantile G-computation analysis showed a statistically significant positive association between complex urinary heavy metal concentrations, especially lead and mercury, and reaction time. Conclusions: Assuming complex exposures, urinary heavy metal concentrations showed a statistically significant positive association with CRT. These results suggest that heavy metal complex exposure during childhood should be evaluated and managed strictly.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2024

This study was conducted to identify the pollutants generated by the fuel complex and to determine the health effects of the surrounding residents. In addition, based on the results of epidemiological surveys and health impact surveys of local residents, we analyze the distribution of patient groups and exposure characteristics according to the distance from the fuel complex boundary. Samples were collected from the briquette plant within the fuel complex and analyzed by SEM-EDXA, X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer, and ICP. In addition, the distribution of patients and exposure characteristics were analyzed according to the distance from the fuel complex and yard boundaries. Analysis of briquette samples from the fuel complex showed that the average particle size was 10-30 ㎛, the shape was irregular, and SiO₂ accounted for more than 50%. It is believed that silica, which causes pneumoconiosis, may have been scattered into the air. In particular, there was a large distribution of 5 ㎛ particles that affect respiratory diseases. According to the analysis of the residential addresses and distribution of pneumoconiosis cases, many pneumoconiosis cases were located in the area between 200 and 500 meters from the boundary of the fuel complex. In addition, 28 pneumoconiosis cases were identified as a result of the epidemiological survey and health impact survey at the fuel complex. In detail, there were 8 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis, 6 cases of environmental pneumoconiosis, and 14 cases of occupational and environmental pneumoconiosis. The confirmed pneumoconiosis cases were located between 0.3 and 1.1 kilometers from the fuel complex. It was found that environmental pollutants generated by the fuel complex adversely affect the health of local residents. In particular, there are many cases of pneumoconiosis in the area between 200 and 500 meters from the boundary of the fuel complex, and this distance is considered to be the direct and indirect impact zone of the briquette plant.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.213-223
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was designed to assess the level of physical exposure to heavy metals among residents who live around a Chungcheongnam-do Province industrial complex and to provide baseline data on the effects and harms of heavy metals on the human body by comparing their exposure levels to those of people from control regions. Methods: We measured blood lead and cadmium levels and urine mercury and chromium levels and conducted a survey among 559 residents from the affected area and 347 residents of other areas. Results: Blood lead and cadmium levels and urine mercury levels were significantly higher in the case region than among those in the control region (p=0.013, p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). In the thermoelectric power plant area, blood cadmium and urine mercury levels were significantly higher than in the control region (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). In the steel mill and petrochemical industry areas, blood cadmium level was significantly higher than that in the control region (p<0.001). Dividing groups by the reference level of blood cadmium ($2{\mu}g/L$), the odds ratios between the case and control regions were 2.56 (95% CI=1.83-3.58), 3.11 (95% CI=2.06-4.71) for the thermoelectric power plant area, 1.78 (95% CI=1.19-2.65) for the steel mill area and 4.07 (95% CI=2.40-6.89) for petrochemical industry area. Conclusion: This study showed that the levels of exposure to heavy metals among residents living near a Chungcheongnam-do Province industrial complex were significantly higher than those in the control region. This seems to be attributable to exposure to heavy metals emissions from the industrial complex. Further research and safety measures are required to protect residents' health.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2003

This study is aimed at analyzing on the sunshine according to the blocks direction by location type of apartment complex in Busan, to propose a planning on the decision of blocks direction and the improvement of architectural law in sunshine environment. The results of this study were as follows; On the basis of winter solstice in "□ block type", the average of ratio of shadow area in flat site is 51 % in apartment with a southern exposure, 39% in apartment with a south-eastern exposure. The average of ratio of shadow area in the descended site toward the north is 49% in apartment with a southern exposure, 34% in apartment with a south-eastern exposure. The average of ratio of shadow area in the descended site toward the south is 66% in apartment with a southern exposure, 53% in apartment with a south-eastern exposure.

• 분석과학
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.416-420
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• 2012

재활용 제품의 사용이 증가함에 따라 이에 대한 위해성 평가가 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 재활용 제품 중 재활용 고무분말을 이용한 놀이터용 바닥재와 해당 고무분말의 중금속 함량을 비교하였다. 또한 각각의 물질이 경피로 전이되는 양을 확인하여 피부에 흡수되는 중금속 노출 특성을 살펴보았다. 아연의 경우 함량이 높은데 반해 전이량이 0.1 $mg/cm^2$으로 매우 낮았는데 이는 아연은 표면 접촉으로는 잘 묻어나지 않는다는 것을 나타낸다. 그러나 철과 알루미늄의 경우, 함량이 바닥재에서 12 배 높게 나타났고, 전이량이 아연보다 약 5 배 높게 나타났다. 이것은 철과 알루미늄이 바닥재에 사용된 안료에서 기인했다는 것을 말한다. 놀이터 6 개소를 대상으로 피부 흡수에 의한 중금속 노출량을 산정한 결과, Ba의 경우 타 중금속에 비하여 비교적 높게 산정되었다. Zn의 함량이 높음에도 불구하고 Ba의 노출량이 더 높은 것은 Ba의 피부흡수율이 Zn에 비해 약 5 배 높기 때문인 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.324-333
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation relationship between personal exposure and urinary hippuric acid in biological monitoring for airborne toluene in an industrial complex and in general environments. Methods: Personal exposure to toluene and its metabolite, hippuric acid, in urine were simultaneously measured in occupational environments area near an industrial complex and in general environments. The study subjects were divided into three types: 137 workers who use organic solvents in the workplace, 210 residents living near a dyeing industrial complex, and 379 residents living in general environments. The toluene exposures of workers and residents were measured by a passive sampler for four days. The urine of participants was sampled when the passive samplers of personal exposure were collected. Results: The toluene and hippuric acid concentrations of workers were the highest, followed by the concentrations of residents living near a dyeing industrial complex and residents living in general environments. The coefficient of correlation between the concentrations of toluene and hippuric acid among workers was 0.749 (p<0.01) in the workplace. On the contrary, correlations between the concentrations of toluene and hippuric acid among residents living near a dyeing industrial complex and residents living in general environments were all not significant. The relationship between the concentrations of hippuric acid and toluene in three types could be described by the exponential growth model. Conclusions: This study analyzed the relationships between toluene exposure and the concentrations of hippuric acid in urine in high, middle, and low exposure environments, and could be described by the exponential growth model.