• Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.117-131
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• 2003

The feature tenseness has long been a controversial issue. Many scholars have hardly accepted tenseness as a distinctive feature, due to the absence of its consistent and objective phonetic evidence especially in English. Instead, they claim that voicing is the primary feature and even say that no other feature can-be independent of voicing. However, voicing feature does not explain everything and significant aerodynamic and physiological correlates of the feature tenseness have been reported in English as well as in some other languages that have the tense/lax distinction in their obstruents. It is suggested that voicing is a simple and direct feature while tenseness is a complex and indirect feature and its autonomy as a distinctive feature should be acknowledged. This will enable us to describe the phonetic reality more properly across languages as well as in individual languages.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.219-227
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• 2011

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is rapidly emerging as the efficient approach in contemporary complex, heterogeneous computing environments. SOA increases the adaptability by loose coupling and its main feature is that three elements such as service provider, service requester and service registry are connected with each other systematically. To design the service-oriented system efficiently, a metric to measure the coupling between services accurately is needed. In this paper, we propose four coupling metrics for SOA based softwares. First, we suggest a coupling metric for service-oriented systems by modifying an established coupling metric of object-oriented systems. Then we suggest another coupling metric which includes indirect coupling between services. We also suggest two relative coupling metrics to measure coupling between subsystems. We investigate the theoretical soundness of the proposed metrics by the axioms of Briand et al. Finally, we apply the presented metrics to an industrial-scale case study.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.2 s.64
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• pp.261-272
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• 2006

As we cannot think of our lives without a nation, it is closely related to almost every part of our daily lives. The role of government is becoming more important in the complex modern society as an essential element of national authority even though the government has indirect and secondary characteristics in its functional performance. Therefore, the government has to be efficient in planning and executing its policies, and it needs to be representative and fair as part of a national authoritative community. In the 21st century when symbolic and cultural importance of images are becoming more important, it is crucial for the government organizations to have an integrated identity design system that can satisfy both of these requirements of the government. However, the C.I.(Corporate Identity) of each Korean administrative branch has been developed separately and sporadically, which resulted in lack of consistency as part of the government. Shape and material of their C.I.s that follow short term design trend and popularity also lack uniqueness which can be distinguished from those of any private corporation. This may show that our government lacks systematic administrative capability, since image of a feature represents its characteristics and reality, and their recognition and evaluation from others become identity of the feature. In this perspective, the purpose of this thesis is to suggest an identity design system that has certain rules and regularity with wide variety of possible alterations for the central administration in Korea. In order to represent this visually, identity design system with both integrity and variety of possible alteration is created based on traditional Korean culture, especially the concept of Umyang-ohaeng and Samjae.