• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.90-96
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of the study was to develop the Korean version of the Working Alliance Inventory (KWAI) and to assess reproducibility of both its therapist and client forms. Methods: The 12-item WAI was translated into Korean. The translation procedure followed the guidelines proposed by Beaton et al. (2000). Development of KWAI involved its translation, back-translation, and pilot testing of the pre-final version to establish Korean cultural adaptation of the original version of WAI. For test-retest reliability, therapists (N=30) and clients (N=47) completed the questionnaire on two different occasions. The interval between occasions was two to seven days, depending on subject availability. Data were collected from clinicians working in general hospitals and private clinics, and clients who had received treatment within three months. The intra-class correlation (ICC ($_{2.1}$)) was calculated for assessment of the reproducibility of the translated questionnaire. Results: The test-retest ICC ($_{2.1}$) of the client form and the therapist form was 0.92 (95%CI:0.86-0.95) and 0.94 (95%CI:0.89-0.97), respectively. Answers to items 2, 8, and 11 showed a tendency to be omitted due to ambiguity of meaning in Korean. Idiomatic expression was employed rather than word-to-word translation to have clear meaning of those items. Conclusion: The KWAI was successfully translated and adapted for applications to Korean clients and therapists, with a satisfactory level of reliability. Therefore, it can be suggested that the KWAI is useful in providing a reliable assessment of working alliance between therapists and clients.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2016

Objective: This study compared the muscle activities of the erector spinae (ES), the external oblique (EO), and the rectus abdominis (RA) on three different surfaces. The purpose of this study was to determine which surface induces the highest muscle activity during the plank exercises. The information from this study can be used to recommend plank exercises to athletes and patients with weak core muscles. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The subjects include 20 adult males attending S University in Seoul. Participants completed each plank exercise on three different surfaces. To measure muscle activities, researchers used the values from electromyography. The measurement excluded the initial two and final two seconds and collected information on the RA, EO, and ES in each posture of each subject. Results: The left external oblique showed significant differences between the plank position on stable ground (ST) and the plank position using a suspension device (SL) (p<0.05) and between the plank position on the unstable ground (US) and SL (p<0.05). The right rectus abdominis and left rectus abdominis displayed statistically significant differences between the ST and the US (p<0.05) and between the ST and the SL (p<0.05). The right erector spinae had a statistically significant difference between ST and US (p<0.05). Conclusions: The plank exercise strengthens the core muscles effectively, and muscle activity is related to the posture of the exercise and the location of the muscle. These results suggest that plank exercises improve muscle activities. Additionally, plank exercises can be applied to general medical care.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.637-647
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• 2013

This study aims to develop an educational program for healthy families using Christoph's team performance coaching (TPC) model and evaluate the program by program participant feedback. The educational program is unique in terms of helping the program participants measure the health level of their families, setting goals for the health improvement of their families based upon minimum family performance and seeking ways to achieve these goals. The educational program was designed as 3-hour-course for the convenience of implementing education and recruiting participants. The overall program was based on the characteristics and principles of coaching. Those with a master's degree or above and professional coaches were recruited as instructors. The first workshop for the instructors was conducted in 2 sessions, for 12 hours each (Dec 29-30, 2010 and Feb 12-13, 2011) and the second workshop was conducted Mar 25-26, 2011, for 12 hours. During the workshop for the instructors, the final education program was completed based upon the instructors' impression and evaluation. 8 instructors conducted the educational programs in educational institutions and facilities across the nation. The results of the program evaluated by 419 adults of education participants demonstrated the applicability of Christoph's team performance coaching model to the educational program for healthy family and its effects. If various educational programs with flexible education hours and content according to the needs of subject groups are developed, this educational program can be used as a basic educational program for in-depth education and further service for the improvement of family health.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.355-360
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• 2000

There are many changed while a design is completed. Therefore, if the impact of the design changes is estimated, it may result in the improvement of design efficiency. But, the design changes have various types and affect other parts of the design system. Hence, it is difficult to deal with design changes directly. The purpose of this research is to develop a systematic change propagation tracing algorithm and a method of change impact analysis and then, to implement a change impact analysis system. Process based design is set up for the field of this research. Also the design, composed of design parameters and constraints, is set up for the subject of the research. Change propagation tracing algorithm traces change propagation based on the following concept : If the design parameters are changed, other parameters within the constrains including them may be changed. Using the result of change propagation tracing algorithm, changeable parameters, constraints and tasks can be found. The method of change impact analysis, to calculate change impact value from this changeable tasks, is developed. Change propagation tracing algorithm and the method of change impact analysis are implemented into change impact analysis system and it is applied to the redesign of 2 stage gear drives. It can support different kinds of design activities systematically. especially, at the redesign step, where many design change alternatives exist, change impact value of each alternative exist, change impact value of each alternative is calculated and design change is performed toward direction to minimize the impact of design change. Consequently, it is expected to improve the efficiency of the whole design.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.530-540
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the life style, self-efficacy, and Bone Marrow Density (BMD) in osteoporosis female patients. The subjects were recruited at the four Osteoporosis Clinics. A convenience sample of 190 women completed a survey instrument which included the Osteoporosis Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, Life Style Questionnaire and demographic items. BMD of L$_4$ was measured by Dual Photon Absor photiometry. The sample ranged in age from 40 to 82 years (Mean＝60.28). Eighty-one percent were married and 14.9% were widowed. Forty-four percent lived with their spouse and children. Excercise, diet, medication, alcohol consumption, and smoking were measured to investigate the life style. Fifty-seven percent of the subjects exercised regularly. Mountain climbing, brisk walking, and free gymnastics were frequently cited excercises by the subjects in this study. Sixty percent drank one cup of milk and 34.7% had 1.13 cups of coffee in a day. Thirty-nine percent used calcium supplements, 9.5% drank alcohol, and 3.2% smoked cigarettes. Economic status and education level were related to self-efficacy. Age, economic status, and education level were related to BMD. As a life style, exercise, diet(milk, ice cream, and coffee), and medication(calcium) were associated with self-efficacy. The subjects who exercised regularly and took calcium supplements for a longer time had a higher level of self-efficacy than those who did not. Smoking and alcohol consumption had no relationship with self-efficacy. Excercise, medication(calcium), and alcohol consumption were related to BMD. The subjects who took calcium supplements for a longer time had a higher level of BMD. Alcohol consumption was not related to self-efficacy but related to BMD. The subject who drank alcohol had a higher level of BMD than those who did not drink. The amount of alcohol consumption was positively related to BMD.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.556-565
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• 2003

Market segmentation helps providers to find better marketing opportunities and allows foodservice managers to develop the right product for each target market. Therefore, this study, taking university faculty and staff as subject, is intended to diagnose the relative value of service quality attribute, on the basis service quality scenario of faculty foodservice; to suggest price for improving customer loyalty in market segments. A questionnaire was developed ar d mailed to 600 Yonsei university faculty and staffs. A total of 385 questionnaires were usable; resulting in a 58.7％ of faculty and a 69.7％ of staff response rate, respectively. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SAS/Win 6.12 for descriptive Analysis, ANOVA, principal factor analysis, cluster analysis, reliability test and discriminant analysis. The results of the study are as below. Eighteen questions were selected for measuring respondents' lifestyle by AIO method and the seven lifestyle factors derived from factor analysis and aggregated distinct 4 clusters. Service quality attributes of the scenario were determined with 'food quality', 'menu variety', 'atmosphere', 'fast service', and 'clean and sanitation'. 'Food quality', 'menu variety', 'atmosphere', 'fast service', and 'clean and sanitation', in decreasing order, were identified as improving customer loyalty. However, most faculty and staffs were satisfied with the present meal price. The result of this study indicates that the relative value of service quality was differed significantly among the various market segments. 'Food quality', 'menu variety', and 'atmosphere' were determined as major service quality attributes. Thus, customer loyalty could be increased by improving food taste and quality, atmosphere, and service delivery. (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(4) : 556 ∼565, 2003)

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.306-318
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• 2009

Objectives : There were reports about the decreasing of quit-smoking ratio because of taking professional advices. This study were to investigate smoking prevalence rate of the dental hygienist study in nationwide and quit-smoking counseling activity for patients in dental clinic. Methods : The registered Korea Dental Hygienists Association Meeting in 2005 were recruited as subjects. The personal surveyed, 486(87.7%) returned completed questionnaires. Results : The smoking rate of dental hygienist is 3.1%, past smoking rate 1.4% and smoking cessation 95.5%. In smoking cessation counseling activity, only 20.8% of dental hygienist would advise to quit smoking. However, 63.8% intended to advise to quit smoking but they have no idea about quit smoking program and 15.4% had no intention of advising to quit. It is a whole consent that Smoking dental hygienist is tend to against smoking and necessary training about smoking cessation same opinion. Conclusions : Dental hygienist is more effective for health care professional to help people stop smoking, therefore dental hygienist is important for them to have through knowledge of subject and confidence in their role in smoking cessation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.135-171
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to suggest a classification system adapted to provide policy information services. For this purpose, this study completed the following processes; BRM taxonomy analysis, document analysis, analysis of classification systems providing policy information, consulting classification experts, surveys and interviews with policy information consumers, and an empirical validation process through the actual construction of policy information materials. Finally, this study complemented and modified the BRM taxonomy system and proposed a classification system appropriate to policy information resources. Through the procedures of experts discussion, the steps of BRM analysis appropriate to provide policy information services is determined as three steps. The domestic institute websites for policy information services has confirmed the appropriateness of the BRM taxonomy system through the analysis system and service research to provide policy information resources. Also through the specialist interview, the confirmation of BRM and the improvement has been drawn. Through the questionaires, the study analyzes the appropriateness of available BRM taxonomy system and the requirements by subjects. And through the empirical verificaion, it determines the subject of BRM taxonomy system for policy information services.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.32-40
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the cognitive performance of major depressive disorder (MDD) in military service/conscription personnel who visited the psychiatric clinic for a medical certificate to consider the situation from the perspective of Korea's unique compulsory military system. We used the Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (K-WAIS-IV) as the test for verifying the suitable level of cognitive functioning for military service and as the embedded measure with reflecting suboptimal effort. Methods : The study was conducted on 56 (28 males, age 19-34) in/out-patients admitted to the psychiatry department and diagnosed with MDD (DSM-IV). All participants completed a structured clinical interview (MINI-Plus), as well as self-report questionnaires related to demographics and severity of clinical symptoms. K-WAIS-IV was administered to each subject to assess cognitive characteristics. Results : Military group showed significantly lower processing speed index (PSI) score including subtests of symbol search (SS) and coding (CD) score, compared to the control group. There was no other significant differences in the Full Scale IQ (FSIQ), Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI), Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI), Working Memory Index (WMI) scores including sub-tests comprised of the above indices, and Reliable Digit Span (RDS), Enhanced-RDS-Revised (E-RDS-R) between the study and control groups. Conclusion : This study was the first effort to verify the characteristics of Korea's military group with MDD and suggest the applicability of PSI and processing speed of K-WAIS-IV as an embedded performance index to test sub-optimal effort or low motivation beyond the purpose of testing cognitive deficits.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.483-491
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• 2001

Traditional Korean beverage can be divided into Jang, Gahl Soo, Mi Su, Soo Jung Gwa, Shick Hae, Tahng, Hwa Chae, Sook Su, and Tea according to ingredients and how it is proccessed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the Korean beverage percetpion and to analyze the factors (sociodemographic factors and life-style related factors) which influence percetpion of Korean beverage. Questionnaries were hand delivered to 2,200 subject residing in Seoul and 1,884 questionnaris were collected : resulting in 84% response rate. Statistical data analysis was completed using SAS Package program for the analysis of covariance(ANOCOVA).The results are as follows: (a) Survey on Korean beverage perception showed that the recognition rates of ShickHae(58.4%), Cition Tea(53.5%), Sung Nung(48.7%) and Soo Jung Gwa(40.8%) were high, whereas those for Tahng, Jang, and Gahl Soo were low.(b) About 40% of respondents performing 4 kinds of Korean traditional ceremony a year The percentage that reported they purchased Korean beverages was 44.0%, higher than the 38.5% that answered they made Korean beverage at home.(c) In analyzing the factors which influence beverage perception, the sociodemographic factors variously influenced perception rate depending on beverage. Age and sex had influenced on perception rate of Shick Hae and Donggulre Tea. Income level influenced on the perception rate of Sung Nung and Citron Tea. Sociodemograhpic factors like senior over 50s, female and extended family size had positive influence on the perception rate.