• Animal cells and systems
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.171-180
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• 2008

The complete larval development of Pagurus japonicus(Stimpson) is described, based on laboratory rearing. The species has four zoeal stages and a megalopa. The larvae are described and illustrated, and detailed comparisons with other pagurid larvae in the Korean coast are made.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.115-123
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• 2010

The complete larval development of Rhinolithodes wosnessenskii Brandt, 1848 is described, based on laboratory rearing. The species has four zoeal stages and a megalopa. The zoeas of R. wosnessenskii are readily distinguished from all other described zoeas of the subfamily Lithodinae by having a middorsal spine of the posterior margin of the carapace.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.475-487
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• 2024

Larviculture of commercially important aquaculture species faced limitations associated to the incomplete understanding of larval nutrition and the inability to total replacement of live feeds by formulated diets at the early larval stage. The main challenges to alternatives of live feed in larval fish culture are related to the inherent behaviors of the larvae and the incomplete knowledge and practice leading to the inefficiency of using micro diets. Although significant achievement has been reached in the complete replacement of live feeds by formulated micro diets in freshwater species and marine shrimps, its success is far from complete in marine finfishes. However, recent progress in biotechnological advances in manufacturing process and advanced knowledge of the nutritional necessities of larvae indicated improvements in the field. A range of technologies in the manufacturing of micro diets for larval fish are in place currently. To this end, several achievements of substituting live feeds with formulated micro diets at later stages of larval development have been reported by various researchers providing a clue on the prospects for the future. Therefore, the objective of this review is to compile existing information on the challenges of substituting live feeds by formulated diets in the past and prospects for future development.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.194-198
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• 2007

Reproductive traits of Palaemon gravieri such as embryo size, number of embryo (fecundity), incubation period, larval development mode, larval development period, larval survival and larval growth were described and compared to analyze the correlation among those traits. Embryo volume is a primary factor determining other ensuing reproductive features. Egg volume was $0.042mm^3$ in the first developmental stage. Embryo volume in P. gravieri was comparatively small which is indicative of great number of embryo (y = 3.0161x + 0.0185 $R^2$ = 0.74 positive isometric relationship) and relatively long incubation period. Larvae survived from zoea 1 to post-larvae and it took 45 days at $22^{\circ}C$. Survival rate of the larvae was rather great in the early stage and thereafter steadily decreased. Daily growth rate of larvae in P. gravieri at $22^{\circ}C$ was 0.0195 mm on average. They grew steadily as time went by. Incubation period was between 10-14 days at $22^{\circ}C$. Larval development mode was almost complete planktotrophic. PNR (point of no return) appeared to be the third day on average. Survival rate of larvae without feeding declined rapidly between 3 and 4 days. Larval development period and stage frequency were 23-30 days and 11 stages which imply prolonged larval period and high mortality. The pattern of brood production followed fast successive parturial pattern. Most ovigerous female had mature ovary when they performed parturial molt soon after hatching (larval release).

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.121-137
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• 1989

The larval stages of Scopimera longidactyla reared in the laboratory are described and illustrated in detail. The larval development consists of five zoeal and a megalopal stages. At 25$^{\circ}C$, the megalopa and the first crab instar were attained in 21 and 31 days after hatching, respectively. The larvae of Scopmera can be distinguished from those of other genera in the Scopimerinae and other sumbfamilies in the Ocypodidae by the relativelength of rostral carapace spines to carapace. The larvae of S. longidactyla are similar in morphology to those of S. globosa but distingished by the differences in larval , size, and appendage setation.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.411-427
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• 1990

The complete larval development of Enocheir japonicus De Haan reared in the laboratory is described and illustrated. E. japonicus passes through 5 zoeal stages before metamorphosis to the megalopal stage. The megalopa and crab I inStar are attained in 17 and 27 days after hatching, respectively. The culture was carried out under a photoperiod of 14 h light and 10 h dark and a constant temperature of $25^{\circ}C$. Morphological charaderistics of each larval stage of this species are compared with those of E. japonicus from Japan. Morphological features between zoea I of the Varuninae are briefly discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.200-216
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• 1990

The complete larval development of Scopimera bitympana Shen was descdbed and mustrated from the larvae reared in the lahoratory. S bItympana had five, or occasionally six, zoeal and one megalopal stages. At $25^{\circ}C$, the megalopa and the first crab instar were attained in 24 and 38 days (31 and 48 days in six zoeal series) after hatching respectively. S.bitympana zoeae can be distinguished from other described zoeae in the genus by the toothed carapace spines and the telson with a dorsal and two ventral spines. Megalopa of this species can be distinguished from other ScopimeTa spedes by the feature of carapace. Other minor morphological features of S. bitympana larvae are compared to the previous descripdons of larvae of the genus and the morphological differences are briefly discussed.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.89-105
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• 1989

농게(Ura arcuata) (달랑게과, 달랑게아과) 의 유생을 부화에서부터 첫 번째 게기까지 수온 $25^{\circ}C$ , 염분농도 33.3$\textperthousand$의 해수에서 사육하고, 각 유생기이 형태적인 특징을 기술 및 도식하였다. 이 종은 5기의 zoea와 1기의 megalopa 유생을 거쳐 첫 번째 게기로 변태하였다. 제 1 zoea 유생기는 제 1 소악의 내지에 4개의 말단강모와 제 2 악각의 기절과 내지에 각각 3개의 우상강모와 0, 0, 5 강모식을 가지고 촉각은 B형이었다. 이러한 특징들은 이미 보고된 같은 과의 유생들의 특징들과 잘 일치하고 있다.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2007

The complete larval development of Chiromantes haematocheir was obtained by laboratory rearing. Five zoeal and one megalopal stages are described and illustrated in detail. Morphological characteristics of the larvae slightly differ from those of Lee (1988), especially in the setal presence of mouthpart appendages. Seven sesarminid zoeas (Parasesarma acis, Parasesarma pictum, Perisesarma bidens, Sesarmops intermedius, Chiromantes dehaani, Chiromantes haematocheir, and Nanosesarma gordoni) can be distinguished from each other in characters of the carapace spines, the antennal exopod and the fork of telson. A provisional key is first provided to aid the identification of seven sesarminid zoeas in Korea.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.51-65
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• 1999

Gaillardiellus orientalis (Odhner, 1925) has been reared in the laboratory, form hatching to the first young crab stage at $25^{\circ}C$. The four zoeal stages and one megalopal stage are described and illustrated in detail. Within the subfamily Actaeinae, the zoea of G. orientalis differs from the other known zoeae in the characteristics of the antenna and the telson.