• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.614-637
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• 2009

국가연구개발사업의 투자효율성을 높이기 위해서는 무엇보다도 평가시스템이 잘 갖춰져야 한다. 왜냐하면 혹시라도 특정 평가자에 의해 평가결과가 왜곡 된다면 정부가 바라는 최적의 연구팀을 선정하지 못할 것이고, 이로 인해 바람직한 연구성과를 기대하기 어려울 것이기 때문이다. 현행 국가연구개발사업 평가과정에서는 특정 평가자의 편견(특이치)을 차단하기 위해 대부분 최고/최저점 제외방식을 사용하고 있다. 그러나 우리가 관례적으로 사용하고 있는 이 방식에 한계가 있을 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 실증분석을 통해 이 방식이 갖고 있는 한계에 대한 문제점을 도출하고, 이를 보완할 수 있는 현실적 대안을 제시함으로써 국가연구개발사업 평가제도의 신뢰성 제고 방안을 모색하였다. 이러한 결과들은 피 평가자들의 평가결과에 대한 수용도 제고 및 국가연구개발사업 효율성 증진에 기여할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 순위결정의 방법론 측면에서 다양한 분야에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1251-1258
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• 2015

최근 사이버 무기의 발전으로 사이버전의 위협이 점점 더 증가되고 있다. 이미 사이버전을 경험한 국가들은 피해가 사이버상에서만 국한 되는 것이 아니라 물리적인 피해까지 영향을 받게 되어 피해가 상당하다. 이렇기 때문에 각국은 사이버전에 대비하기 위해 끊임없이 노력을 하고 있다. 먼저, 사이버전을 대비하기 위해서는 각국의 사이버전 역량이 파악되어야 하며, 비교 / 분석을 통해 사이버전 대응방안을 모색해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 기존 사이버전의 역량평가 방법에 대해서 비교 / 분석해보고, 향상점을 도출하여 사이버전 역량 평가 개선안을 연구하였다. 개선된 사이버전 역량 평가를 통해서 한국에 영향을 줄 수 있는 국가들을 대상으로 사이버전 역량 평가를 실시하였으며, 평가 결과를 비교 / 분석함으로 한국의 사이버전 역량의 보완점을 도출하여 사이버전 역량 강화 방안을 제시하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.793-797
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• 2014

To develop a methodology for absolute determination of the surface areal density of functional groups on organic and bio thin films, medium energy ion scattering (MEIS) spectroscopy was utilized to provide references for calibration of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) or Fourier transformation-infrared (FT-IR) intensities. By using the MEIS, XPS, and FT-IR techniques, we were able to analyze the organic thin film of a Ru dye compound ($C_{58}H_{86}O_8N_8S_2Ru$), which consists of one Ru atom and various stoichiometric functional groups. From the MEIS analysis, the absolute surface areal density of Ru atoms (or Ru dye molecules) was determined. The surface areal densities of stoichiometric functional groups in the Ru dye compound were used as references for the calibration of XPS and FT-IR intensities for each functional group. The complementary use of MEIS, XPS, and FT-IR to determine the absolute surface areal density of functional groups on organic and bio thin films will be useful for more reliable development of applications based on organic thin films in areas such as flexible displays, solar cells, organic sensors, biomaterials, and biochips.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3723-3730
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• 2012

Delay in help-seeking behaviour which is potentially preventable has a major effect on the prognosis and survival of patients with breast cancer. The objective of this study was to explore reasons for delay in seeking help among patients with breast cancer from the East Coast of peninsular Malaysia. A qualitative study using face-to-face in-depth interview was carried out involving 12 breast cancer patients who had been histo-pathologically confirmed and were symptomatic on presentation. Respondents were selected purposely based on their history of delayed consultation, diagnosis or treatment. All were of Malay ethnicity and the age range was 26-67 years. Three were in stage ll, seven in stage lll and two in stage lV. At the time of interview, all except one respondent had accepted treatment. The range of consultation time was 0.2-72.2 months with a median of 1.7 months, diagnosis time was 1.4-95.8 months( median 5.4 months )and treatment time was 0-33.3 months (median 1.2 months). The themes derived from the study were poor knowledge or awareness of breast cancer, fear of cancer consequences, beliefs in complementary alternative medicine, sanction by others, other priorities, denial of disease, attitude of wait and see and health care system weakness. Help-seeking behaviour was influenced by a complex interaction of cognitive, environmental, beliefs, culture and psycho-social factors. Breast cancer awareness and psychological counselling are recommended for all patients with breast symptoms to prevent delay in seeking clinical help.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2019

Nail art, which has been popularized recently, has increased convenience in the direction of nail art design harmonized with clothing and the increased interest and usage of nail art decoration. This study set out to propose practical planar and three-dimensional nail art designs in harmony with modern clothes by applying trimmings common in 18th century women's clothing, which used a variety of attachable decorations. As for the methodology, the investigator examined theories in previous studies, literature, and analyzed the types of trimming in female portraits from the 18th century at the museum at the Palace of Versailles in France. Planar and three-dimensional nail art designs were created for each of the top three trimming types- braids, laces, and ribbons, which were identified through analysis. The study applied the trimmings of the 18th century women's clothes to nail art design and had the following results: First, the top three trimming types were identified based on the analysis of the 18th century portraits. They were then used as motifs in the production of planar and three-dimensional nail art designs. The results show that the motifs of the clothes trimmings were fit for and had practical possibilities for expression in nail art designs. Secondly, diversity and the expansion of ideas in the study of nail art design were promoted. In addition, elements were increased to have mutually complementary effects with clothes. Finally, the study made various attempts at nail design methods by adopting a range of nail art expression techniques including hand painting, 2D & 3D art techniques, and using planar and three-dimensional nail decorations, thus proposing a positive direction for the organization of a curriculum to make use of 18th century women's clothing motifs in nail art education.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.239-248
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• 2018

Background: Workers may be exposed to various types of occupational hazards at the same time, potentially increasing the risk of adverse health outcomes. The aim of this review was to analyze the effects of multiple occupational exposures and coexposures to chemical, biomechanical, and physical hazards on adverse health outcomes among agricultural workers. Methods: Articles published in English between 1990 and 2015 were identified using five popular databases and two complementary sources. The quality of the included publications was assessed using the methodology developed by the Effective Public Health Practice Project assessment tool for quantitative studies. Results: Fifteen articles were included in the review. Multiple chemical exposures were significantly associated with an increased risk of respiratory diseases, cancer, and DNA and cytogenetic damage. Multiple physical exposures seemed to increase the risk of hearing loss, whereas coexposures to physical and biomechanical hazards were associated with an increased risk of musculoskeletal disorders among agricultural workers. Conclusion: Few studies have explored the impact of multiple occupational exposures on the health of agricultural workers. A very limited number of studies have investigated the effect of coexposures among biomechanical, physical, and chemical hazards on occupational health, which indicates a need for further research in this area.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.145-162
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• 2005

SAR 자료의 분류에서 토지 피복 구분 분류 정확도의 향상을 위해 이 논문은 다중 시기 SAR 자료를 이용한 분류에서의 특징 추출과 정보 융합 방법론을 제시하였다. 다중 시기 SAR 센서의 산란 특성을 고려하여 평균 후방 산란계수, 시간적 변이도와 긴밀도를 특징으로서 추출하였다. 이렇게 추출된 특징의 효율적인 응합을 위해 Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence(D-S 이론)와 퍼지 논리를 적용하였다. 특히 D-S 이론의 적용시 특징 기반 mass function 할당을 제안하였고, 퍼지 논리의 적용시 다양한 퍼지 결합 연산자의 결과를 비교하였다. 다중 시기 Radarsat-1 자료에의 적용 결과, 추출된 특징들은 서로 상호 보완적인 정보를 제공할 수 있으며 수계, 논과 도심지를 효율적으로 구분할 수 있었다. 그러나 산림과 밭은 구분이 애매한 경우가 나타났다. 정보 융합 방법론 측면에서, D-S 이론과 퍼지 Max와 Algebraic Sum 연산자를 제외한 다른 퍼지 연산자는 서로 유사한 분류 정확도를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.146-163
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• 2021

Purpose - This paper examines China's impact on Korea's ICT exports considering the direct competition channel, the production shift channel, and the indirect demand channel at once. This paper also takes China's economic rebalancing into account and discusses whether it makes any differences in the effect of the three channels. Design/methodology - To quantify the effect of the three channels, I constructed a linear panel regression model and estimated it with various estimation methods including the system GMM. China's exports toward the same destination as Korea's exports, Korea's exports toward China, and the third countries' exports toward China respectively reflect the three channels. China's GVC indicators are included as well to evaluate the effect of further China's economic rebalancing. Since the present paper has a greater interest in the effect of China rather than the determinant of bilateral trade, a (fixed effect) panel model becomes more appropriate than the gravity model because timeinvariant variables in the gravity model, such as the distance and the language, are eliminated during the estimation process. Findings - The estimation results indicate that Chinese ICT exports are complementary to Korea's ICT exports in general. However, when markets are considered in subgroups, China's ICT exports could have a negative effect in the long run, especially for SITC75 and SITC76 markets, implying a possible competitive threat of China. The production shift effect turns significant during China's economic rebalancing in the markets for the advanced economies and the SITC76 product. China's indirect demand channel is also in effect significantly for the advanced economy and SITC75 commodities during China's economic rebalancing periods. In addition, this paper shows that China's transition toward upstream in the global value chain could have a positive impact on Korea's ICT exports, especially at the Asian market. Originality/value - The contribution of this paper is threefold. First, it focuses on the ICT industry for which Korea increasingly depends on China and China becomes a global hub of the GVC. Second, this paper quantitatively studies three channels in a model in contrast to the literature which mostly examines those channels separately and pays less attention to the GVC aspect. Third, by utilizing relatively recent data from the period of 2001-2017, this paper discusses whether China's economic rebalancing affects the three channels.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.38-53
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• 2020

Purpose - A financial crash triggers asset fire sales by foreign investors and, as a consequence, the price of domestic assets severely decreases. Domestic investors take advantage of these low prices by replacing foreign assets with domestic assets, which helps to alleviate the liquidity shock caused by foreigners. However, is the amount of capital retrenchment by domestic investors sufficient to protect the Korean economy from capital stop by foreign investors during financial crisis? This paper answers this question and suggests the implications of this phenomenon for the Korean economy. Design/methodology - We estimate the associations between capital stop and retrenchment and various financial crises such as banking, currency, debt, and inflation crises using the complementary log-log model. Specifically, we use data of gross capital flows to differentiate between the role of foreign and domestic investors in financial markets. Capital stop and retrenchment designate a sharp decrease in gross capital inflows and outflows, respectively. Findings - Capital stop is significantly associated with financial crises, especially currency and debt crises. This implies that increased risk aversion during times of financial turmoil encourages foreign investors to retrench their investments, worsening liquidity shocks. Conversely, capital retrenchment is not significantly associated with such crises. The results show that, although financial crises reduce gross capital outflows, the reduction is not as large as that with capital inflows. Originality/value - The contribution of this paper is threefold. First, this study investigates how domestic investors behave during times of financial distress by studying gross capital flows-not net capital flows. Second, we concentrate on sharp changes in capital flows during crises. Third, we examine the associations between capital stop and retrenchment and financial crises in general, not specific events.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.109-126
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• 2022

Purpose - Based on the relevant panel data for China and 13 of the RCEP countries from 2008-2019, this paper conducts an in-depth study on the impact of trade facilitation levels on China's cross-border e-commerce exports using the expanded trade gravity model. Design/methodology - This study constructs a trade facilitation index (TFI) system, and uses the principal component analysis method to measure the trade facilitation levels of RCEP countries in 2008-2019. This result is then introduced into the extended gravity model to explore the effect of trade facilitation in RCEP countries on China's cross-border e-commerce export. Findings - It is found that the overall trade facilitation level has a significant effect on China's cross-border e-commerce exports. Among the primary indicators, with the exception of infrastructure, the other four indicators demonstrate a significant impact. The findings show that China should strengthen its cooperation with RCEP countries in trade facilitation and cross-border e-commerce to better achieve complementary regional economic development. Originality/value - This paper has three contributions: first, this paper builds a TFI system that includes five primary indicators based on the characteristics of cross-border e-commerce. Second, we explore the impact of trade facilitation levels of RCEP countries on China's cross-border e-commerce exports, which helps to fill the gap in existing studies of the impact of cross-border e-commerce exports. Third, this paper further analyzes the impact of five primary indicators on cross-border e-commerce exports; this thus provides more targeted measures to improve trade facilitation levels.