• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.140-150
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• 2009

Purpose: We investigated the efficacy of electroacupuncture therapy in obese Korean women in order to make basic guidelines for the use of oriental medicine in treating obesity. Methods: Forty women were divided into two groups and each was treated 12 times: 1) one group was treated using electroacupuncture (EA) involving auricular acupuncture and physical treatment, without exercise (EA group, n=10), and 2) the other group was treated using electroacupuncture and exercise (EA plus exercise group, n=30). The EA was applied to subcutaneous fat tissue manually. Body weight was evaluated every visit and body composition was checked at the $1^{st}$ and $12^{th}$ visits. Statistical comparisons were made using SPSS13.0. We compared the weight loss, body mass index (BMI), and body composition before and after treatment using the pairedt-test. The correlations between weight loss and BMI and age were examined. Results: After the $12^{th}$ treatment, both groups showed significant reductions in body weight, BMI, body fat, and body fat percentage. The weight loss averaged 4.58${\pm}$3.87% in the EA group and 4.69${\pm}$3.10% in the EA plus Exercise group. The reduction in skeletal muscle was significant in the EA group, but not significant in the EA plus Exercise group. The speed of the weight loss was correlated with age using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Based on BMI, normal and obese subjects in the EA plus Exercise group had significant reductions in body weight, BMI, body fat, and body fat percentage; the obese subjects also had a significant reduction in skeletal muscle. Conclusion: Combined EA therapy may be effective for weight reduction. Age and BMI were related to weight loss using EA therapy.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.12-20
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• 2023

This study presents basic data on how to secure stability by analyzing the change in tensile force of steel rod and the inclination characteristics of PSC BOX in the "Temporary fixation system using internal prestressing tendon", which is mainly applied to construction of superstructures by FCM. To date, it has been difficult to confirm the changes in tension force of the steel rod and the inclination of the PSC BOX because the steel rod was installed vertically inside the pier and the PSC BOX. Therefore, measurement of the change in length of the steel rod and the displacement of PSC BOX were performed using a micro-measured FBG sensor. Comparisons of the calculated tensile force and the residual tensile force of the steel rod revealed that the safety factor decreased in all bridges. The cause was mainly identified to be the loss of tensile force in fixation~1segment, and countermeasures are suggested. The analysis of the inclination characteristics showed that the inclination increased with the segment progresses even in bridges with sufficient safety factor, and the difference before and after the segment was confirmed. In addition, the increase in inclination was related to the loss of tension force in the steel rod, and the stress on the opposite sides of the inclination was further reduced. It is believed that upward tensile force is generated in the steel rod on the opposite side of the inclined side due to the unbalanced moment, causing the difference in stress of the steel rod between the two sides.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 2023

Background: Despite the fact that aquatic exercise is one of the most popular alternative treatment methods for children with cerebral palsy (CP), there are few research regarding its effectiveness. Objects: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aquatic exercise on upper extremity function and postural control during reaching in children with CP. Methods: Ten participants (eight males and two females; 4-10 years; Gross Motor Function Classification System levels II-IV) with spastic diplegia were recruited to this study. The aquatic exercise program consisted of four modified movements that were selected from the Halliwick 10-point program to enhance upper extremity and trunk movements. The participants attended treatment two times a week for 6 weeks, averaging 35 minutes each session. The Box and Block Test (BBT), transferring pennies in the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test (BOT), and pediatric reaching test (PRT) scores were used as clinical measures. Three-dimensional motion analysis system was used to collect and analyze kinematic data. Differences in BBT and BOT values among pre-treatment, post-treatment, and retention (after 3 weeks) were analyzed using a Friedman test. In addition, the PRT scores and variables (movement time, hand velocity, straightness ratio, and number of movement units) from the three-dimensional motion analysis were tested using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The significance level was established at p < 0.05. When the results appeared to be statistically significant, a post-hoc test for multiple comparisons was performed with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: All clinical measures, which included BBT, transferring pennies of BOT, and PRT, were significantly increased between pre-intervention and post-intervention scores and between pre-intervention and retention scores after treatment (p = 0.001). Three-dimensional motion analysis mostly were significantly improved after treatment (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Aquatic exercise may help to improve body function, activity, and participation in children with varying types of physical disabilities.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.3.1-3.9
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of a glide-path on the shaping ability of 2 single-file instruments and to compare the centering ability, maintenance of original canal curvatures and area of instrumentation in simulated S-shaped root canals. Materials and Methods: Forty simulated S-shaped root canals were used and were prepared with One Curve (group OC), One G and OC (group GOC), Reciproc Blue (group RB) and R-Pilot and RB (group PRB) and scanned before and after instrumentation. The images were analyzed using AutoCAD. After superimposing the samples, 4 levels (D1, D2, D3, and D4) and 2 angles (Δ1 and Δ2) were established to evaluate the centering ability and modification of the canal curvatures. Then, the area of instrumentation (ΔA) was measured. The data were analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test for multiple comparisons (p < 0.05). Results: Regarding the centering ability in the apical part (D3, D4), the use of the glide-path yielded better results than the single-file groups. Among the groups at D4, OC showed the worst results (p < 0.05). The OC system removed less material (ΔA) than the RB system, and for Δ1, OC yielded a worse result than RB (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The glide-path improved the centering ability in the apical part of the simulated S-shaped canals. The RB system showed a better centering ability in the apical part and major respect of the canal curvatures compared with OC system.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.30 no.5B
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• pp.445-458
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• 2010

The effects of geographical and climatic factors on annual and monthly pan and Penman evaporation were analyzed. 52 climatological stations were selected and trend analyses were performed. Furthermore, cluster analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to understand the effects of geographical and climatic factors on pan and Penman evaporation. Based on stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, annual pan evaporation is proved to be mainly controlled by urbanization as geographical factor, and annual pan evaporation is also controlled by temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation as climatic factor. Especially wind speed is considered to be most significant climatic factor which affects pan evaporation. Meanwhile, Penman evaporation is not affected by geographical factors but it is affected by climate factors such as temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation except precipitation. Furthermore, the study results show that only proximity to coast affects pan evaporation trend on July; however, geographical and climatic factors do not affect pan evaporation trends in annual basis and monthly basis (January, April, and October). On the other hand, Penman evaporation trends were not affected by geographical factors in annual and monthly basises.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.4A
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• pp.385-393
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• 2009

This study grasped the relationship between relative humidity in concrete and concrete shrinkage followed by pre-absorbed water of porous lightweight aggregates through measurements of concrete shrinkage and humidity and comparisons with established research results. It was showed that shrinkage reduction effect of lightweight concrete is 36% at 7 days early ages and 25% at 180 days long-term ages when water-binder ratio is 0.3. It also showed that shrinkage reduction effect is 19% at 7 days and 16% at 180 days when water-binder ratio is 0.4 and 37%, 32% when water-binder ratio is 0.5. The moisture supply effect of lightweight aggregates was remarkable at early age within 7~10 days irrespective of water-binder ratio. In case of waterbinder ratio is 0.3, the relationship between shrinkage and internal humidity of concrete has been underestimated regardless of applied existing model type and in case of water-binder ratio is 0.4, 0.5, measurement values are relatively similar with existing model equations. Finally this study did regression analyses about the relation among the humidity change and the shrinkage strain as a high-degree polynomial and derived parameters that can connect moisture movement analysis with differential shrinkage analysis in case of considering relative humidity at the time by moisture movement analysis of concrete.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.5B
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• pp.409-417
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• 2009

In this study it was assessed the accuracy of the Chukwooki rainfall data in Seoul by comparing with tree-ring width index data, sunspot numbers, southern oscillation index (SOI) and global temperature anomaly. And it was investigated the correlations of climatic change and change characteristics in past north-east asia by comparisons of tree-ring width index data in near Korea. The results of this study shows that Chukwooki rainfall data has the strong reliance since the trends and depths of change are very well matched with other comparative data. And with the results by compared with tree-ring width index data in six sites of near Korea, climates of north-east asia are changed with strong correlations as being temporal and spatial and longterm periodic possibility of reproducing are exist on those changes. However characteristics of climate change post 1960 A.D. are investigated as represented differently to past although statistical moving characteristics or changing criterion are within the limitations of reproducing phase in the past since they represent the different trends and irregularity and their frequencies are increase. The results of this study are widely used on long-term forecasting for climate change in north-east asia.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.5B
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• pp.575-589
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• 2008

In the present work, we investigate the hydrodynamic behavior of a turbulent bore, such as tsunami bore and tidal bore, generated by the removal of a gate with water impounded on one side. The bore generation system is similar to that used in a general dam-break problem. In order to the numerical simulation of the formation and propagation of a bore, we consider the incompressible flows of two immiscible fluids, liquid and gas, governed by the Navier-Stokes equations. The interface tracking between two fluids is achieved by the volume-of-fluid (VOF) technique and the M-type cubic interpolated propagation (MCIP) scheme is used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations. The MCIP method is a low diffusive and stable scheme and is generally extended the original one-dimensional CIP to higher dimensions, using a fractional step technique. Further, large eddy simulation (LES) closure scheme, a cost-effective approach to turbulence simulation, is used to predict the evolution of quantities associated with turbulence. In order to verify the applicability of the developed numerical model to the bore simulation, laboratory experiments are performed in a wave tank. Comparisons are made between the numerical results by the present model and the experimental data and good agreement is achieved.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.4B
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• pp.363-374
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• 2008

Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curve that is essential to calculate rainfall quantiles for designing hydraulic structures in Korea is generally formulated by regression analysis. In this study, IDF curve derived by the cumulative distribution function ("IDF by CDF") of the proper probability distribution function (PDF) of each site is suggested, and the corresponding parameters of IDF curve are computed using genetic algorithm (GA). For this purpose, IDF by CDF and the conventional IDF derived by regression analysis ("IDF by REG") were computed for 22 Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) rainfall recording sites. Comparisons of RMSE (root mean squared error) and RRMSE (Relative RMSE) of rainfall intensities computed from IDF by CDF and IDF by REG show that IDF by CDF is more accurate than IDF by REG. In order to accommodate the effect of the recent intensive rainfall of Korea, the rainfall intensities computed by the two IDF curves are compared with that by at-site frequency analysis using the rainfall data recorded by 2006, and the result from IDF by CDF show the better performance than that from IDF by REG. As a result, it can be said that the suggested IDF by CDF curve would be the more efficient IDF curve than that computed by regression analysis and could be applied for Korean rainfall data.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2007

Glass is frequently encountered as types of materials that are submitted to forensic science laboratories as a result of trace evidence transfers. The repeatability and the reproducibility of trace element analysis were presented. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on laser ablation inductively coupled plasma spectrometric analyses of the fragments to identify the source. Pairwise comparisons were completed for all samples. In a pairwise comparison, each sample was compared to each other for a possible [n(n-1)/2] (n : numbers of the samples) total comparison to associate/discriminate samples using Tukey's HSD method. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of LA-ICP-MS for multi-element analysis of forensic samples. The 12 glass fragments from two manufacturers were collected and analyzed to identify the source. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on 31 elements in NIST 612 Trace elements in Glass. Elements were classified into four categories defined by the combination of precision and variation of inter-samples. We selected 11 elements, 209Bi, 90Zr, 121Sb, 178Hf, 59Co, 238U, 208Pb, 140Ce, 118Sn, 49Ti and 137Ba. 6 pairs out of 66 possible pairs were not distinguished when compared by 137Ba (p<0.05). However, all samples were distinguished using both 49Ti and 137Ba (p<0.05). In conclusion, multi-elemental analysis with LA-ICP-MS is a potential tecnique for the discrimination of forensic samples.