• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1369-1376
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• 2020

Purpose: This research was conducted to the comparison of flipped learning on nursing students' learning motivation, learning attitude and problem solving ability. Method: Flipped learning was a learner-centered learning method. This study was conducted on 93 nursing students and 4th grade students taking community nursing. This study was a comparative experimental study of single group. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS Win 20.0 program. Results: The results of this study showed that the instruction of the flip learning application was statistically different from that before the test in the learning motivation (t=-2.149, p=.034) and problem solving ability (t=2.210, p=.030). However, there was no statistically significant difference in learning attitude. It is thought that the flipped-learning classes was progressed with the learner-centered, and the learner was given a lot of tasks and the preparation time was required. The classes with the flip learning was effective for the motivation and problem solving ability improvement. Conclusion: Therefore, in the next study, it is necessary to design a classes that complements this part in order to positively increase the students' attitude of learning. I would like to apply flipped-learning classes in various subjects.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.88-95
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• 2015

Background: Patients suffering from non-cardiac chest pain (NCCP) can interpret their chest pain wrongly despite having received a correct diagnosis. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of the relaxation method with metaphor therapy for reducing irrational beliefs and pain severity in patients with NCCP. Methods: Using a randomized controlled trial, 33 participants were randomly divided into a relaxation training group (n= 13), a metaphor therapy group (n = 10), and a control group (n = 10), and were studied for 4 weeks. The two tools used in this research were the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) index for determining the degree of pain and the short version of the Jones Irrational Belief Test. Metaphor therapy and a relaxation technique based on ${\ddot{O}}$st's treatment were used as the interventions. The collected data were analyzed with a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), a Chi-square test, and the Bonferroni procedure of post-hoc analysis. Results: The relaxation training method was significantly more effective than both metaphor therapy and the lack of treatment in reducing the patients' beliefs of hopelessness in the face of changes and emotional irresponsibility, as well as the pain severity. Metaphor therapy was not effective on any of these factors. In fact, the results did not support the effectiveness of metaphor therapy. Conclusions: Regarding the effectiveness of the relaxation method as compared with metaphor therapy and the lack of treatment in the control group, this study suggests that relaxation should be paid greater attention as a method for improving the status of patients. In addition, more studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of metaphor therapy in this area.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.31-37
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• 2013

This study was conducted to compare and examine the knowledge, affectivity and behavior of students between before and after Internet ethics education depending on education method. The class for A group was being taught by tutor-oriented teaching method based on explaining and the class for B group was characterized by student-oriented studying based on participation of students. Upon comparing the changes of the knowledge, affectivity and behavior after Internet ethics education, the tutor-oriented teaching method was more effective for knowledge in Internet ethics education and the student-oriented studying based on participation of students was more effective to change the student's affectivity. In the behavior, both A group and B group had a tendency to be changed positively after education, but there was no statistically significant difference. In order to produce actual results on Internet ethics education as integrated morality education, it is important for students to join and take a leading role in the class and for tutor to teach students supplementarily what they need to know essentially.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.83-93
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• 2006

The aim of this study is to develop a simple and rapid field method for the determination of chloride content in tobacco green or cured leaves. To set up a practical process, several factors such as the proper sampling position of each leaf, the size of leaf lamina pieces for blending, the substitution of deionized water fur the extracting solution, 0.1N $HNO_3$, the submerging durations before blending, and the standing times before measuring were studied using flue-cured and burley tobacco with a stable and reproducible Chloride Meter, KRK CL-2Z. From the results, chloride contents of tobacco leaves could be analyzed with the Chloride Meter(CL-2Z) using the suspension of 14 mm diameter leaf disks after soaking in distilled water for 30 min., blending with a mini-blender for 30 seconds. The chloride contents measured in this way showed highly significant correlations with ones by the conventional potentiometric method using an ion meter-chloride electrode and $AgNO_3$ titration. In our method, the procedures such as drying, powdering and weighing samples, and using chemical reagents for extraction (0.1N $HNO_3$) and titration(0.028N $AgNO_3$) could be eliminated. These results suggest that the newly constructed method using the Chloride Meter is more efficient to determine the chloride content of tobacco leave in comparison with the one by the Ion $Meter:AgNO_3$ titration.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.818-822
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• 1999

Background: Thoracoscopic T2 sympathicotomy had been performed as a simple and effective method in treating palmar hyperhidrosis, however, this method had the complications of compensatory hyperhidrosis and facial anhidrosis. Therefore, a more limited and modified methods for T2 sympathicotomies were introduced and comparative analysis of the modified upper and lower T2 sympathicotomy were made in the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis. Material and Method: From January 1997 to December 1998, 41 patients with palmar hyperhidrosis had been treated by modified T2 sympathicotomy at the Kon-Kuk University Seoul Hospital. Twenty-four patients underwent a modified upper T2 sympathicotomy(Group A), and seventeen patients underwent a modified lower sympathicotomy(Group B). A comparison between groups A and B were made according to the medical records and interview results. Result: All patients showed symptomatic improvements after the operation. The anisocoria, facial anhidrosis and dissatisfaction for compensatory hyperhidrosis were more common in Group A and the individual satisfaction for the operations were higher in Group B. Conclusion: The modified lower T2 sympathicotomy might be a more effective and less complicated method than the modified upper T2 sympathicotomy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2001

Aims of study : The purpose of this study is to measure the chronic and daily voice burden of the professionals in their actual working places. These will be a valuable guideline for preventing and controlling the voice production of professionals. Material and method : Our study was selected to the 10 female telephone operators in the Asan Medical Center, ages ranging from 22 to 38 years old. The symptoms and acoustic analysis of both telephone operators and the controls were evaluated before and after their working. The symptoms were evaluated with questionaires, and the acoustic analysis was measured by using CSL (computerized speech laboratory) system. Results : The symptoms of the professional voice abusers are same as those symptoms in laryngeal fatigue. The acoustic analysis before their working were significantly increased in jitter and shimmer, in comparison with the data of the control. This shows that the experimental group is exposed to the chronic burden of voice production. The jitter, shimmer, and NHR after their working are significantly increased in comparison with the data of the acoustic analysis before their working. This also shows that the experimental group is exposed to the daily burden of voice production. Conclusion : The acoustic analysis of the professional voice overusers has objectively measured that there are chronic and daily overloading to the voice of operators, and these will be a valuable data for preventing and controlling the professionals that abuse their voice.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2003

DNA microarray is currently the most prominent tool for investigating large-scale gene expression data. Different algorithms for measuring gene expression levels from scanned images of microarray experiments may significantly impact the following steps of functional genomic analyses. $Affymetrix^{(R)}$ recently introduced high-density microarrays and new statistical algorithms in Microarray Suit (MAS) version 5.0$^{(R)}$. Very high correlations (0.92 - 0.97) between the new algorithms and the old algorithms (MAS 4.0) across several species and conditions were reported. We found that the column-wise array correlations had a tendency to be much higher than the row-wise gene correlations, which may be much more meaningful in the following higher-order data analyses including clustering and pattern analyses. In this paper, not only the detailed comparison of the two sets of algorithms is illustrated, but the impact of the introducing new algorithms on the further clustering analysis of microarray data and of possible pitfalls in mixing the old and the new algorithms were also described.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.945-957
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• 2009

Repeated measurement data among several treatments with a control is often used in the field of medicine study. In this paper, we suggest a method for comparison of the linear trend of responds followed time among several treatments with a control based on repeated measurement data. First, we estimate slope from each subject and generate samples using the slope estimated previous. And then, we test the difference among treatment with a control by ANOVA F test, Jonckheere-Terpstra test, updated control group procedure using generated samples. Monte Carlo Simulation is adapted to compare the power and experimental significance levels in various configuration.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.147-152
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of club head and golf ball kinematics and body alignment according to the swing plane during golf driver swing. Method: Sixteen college golfers participated in this study. Kinematic data of the club head and golf ball were collected using golf swing analysis system (Trackman Ver. 3e). The body alignment variables were collected using 8 motion capture system. An Independent samples t-test was used for comparison between the Out-to-In group and In-to-Out group, and the statistical significance level was set at .05. Results: For the club head related variables, club path and club face angle showed higher values in Out-to-In swing plane than In-to-Out swing plane. For the kinematic variables of the golf ball, the total distance showed a higher value in the In-to-Out swing plane than that of the Out-to-In swing plane. For the body alignment, the In-to-Out swing plane showed higher values than the Out-to-In swing plane for the pelvis rotation angle and trunk rotation angle. Conclusion: This study suggest that it would be more effective to use the In-to-Out swing plane for increasing the total distance during the golf driver swing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2011

Background and Objectives: Vocal polyps arc one of the most frequent benign laryngeal diseases. They arc usually found at the midpoint of the vocal fold. They are mainly caused by vocal overuse. Vocal polyps arc usually removed surgically. Generally, age-related changes to speech are attributed to change in anatomy and physiology of the speech mechanism. These changes result in increased variability in the acoustic properties of speech with age. Still, not 'all studies of age-related changes in speech have taken differences between the young group and adult group after laryngeal microsurgery into account. The aim of this investigation was to compare improvement of acoustic analysis in young patients and elderly patients with vocal polyps, before and after the laryngeal microsurgery. Materials and Method: One hundred and twenty-eight patients who underwent laryngeal microsurgery for vocal polyps from 2008 through 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. 105 of the 128 patients under age 60 were classified as adult group (AG), and remaining 23 patients as elderly group (EG). The speech of AG and EG were evaluated before and after surgery for identification of differences for age group across measures of fundamental frequency (F0), Jitter, Shimmer and Maximum phonation time (MPT). Results: There were not significant differences between two groups for improvement of F0, Jitter, Shimmer, NHR, and MPT before and after surgery. The findings suggest that elderly group compares quite well with adult group in effectiveness of surgery. However, comparison between elderly group and young group (Age under 40) there was significant difference of improvement in Jitter and Shimmer. Conclusion: In general, the results of the present research showed significant improvement in vocal quality after phonosurgery of vocal polyp in both elderly and adult group. However, comparison of improvement between elderly group and young group, there were significant differences of improvement in jitter and shimmer. Therefore, in treatment planning of elderly group, we should consider age related changes of vocal cord.