• 수산해양교육연구
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.67-80
• /
• 2003

This study was carried out to study the reason responsible for the generation of the toxicity in pufferfish. It is well known that the wild pufferfish has the toxicity, but much less in cultured stock. Several previous studies asserted that the pufferfish would make the toxicity of itself, while others have claimed that the toxicity should be made by the bacteria in their intestines. We made an comparative study on the toxicity in pufferfish. Also, the toxicity was compared the pufferfish with the culture pufferfish under the same condition. Based on the present data, the toxicity was possibly caused by the feed that pufferfish intake.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.95-105
• /
• 2009

Chemical Ranking and Scoring (CRS) system is a useful tool to screen priority chemicals of large body of substances. The relative ranking of chemicals based on CRS system has served as a decision-making support tools. Exposure potential and toxicity are significant parameters in CRS system, and there are differences in evaluating those parameters in each CRS system. In this study, the parameters of exposure potential, human toxicity, and ecotoxicity were extensively compared. In addition the scoring methods in each parameter were analyzed. The CRS systems considered in this study include the CHEMS-1 (Chemical Hazard Evaluation for Management Strategies), SCRAM (Scoring and Ranking Assessment Model), EURAM (European Union Risk Ranking Method), ARET (Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics), and CRS-Korea. An comparative analysis of the several CRS systems is presented based on their assessment parameters and scoring methods.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제33권10호
• /
• pp.3265-3268
• /
• 2012

Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used in consumer products, which have aroused many concerns and debates regarding their fate in biological systems from a point of their safety/toxicity. Although a number of studies on the biological effects of NPs have been published, these are often complicated by the possible toxicity of conventional NPs, caused by contamination with chemical precursors or additives during their synthesis and/or purification procedures. To explicitly understand the toxicity basis of NPs, it is necessary to directly address a main problem related to their intrinsic/inherent toxicity and/or incompatibility with biological objects. The present study is designed to take advantage of a novel laser-assisted method called laser ablation to generate Ag, Au, Co, and Cu NPs in biocompatible aqueous solution, and to evaluate the toxicity of the resulting ultra-pure NPs. Our results show that the ultra-pure NPs with nascent surfaces possess moderate cytotoxicity to human cells in a cell-dependent manner.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국환경독성학회 1997년도 제20회 화학물질의 환경독성과 건강영향
• /
• pp.47-71
• /
• 1997

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.164-172
• /
• 1996

점박이응애, 간자와응애와 긴털이리응애에 대하여 abanectin 의 독성을 leaf disc 법으로 시험하였다. A-bamectin은 점박이응애나 간자와응애보다 긴털이리응애에 대하여 독성이 매우 낮았다. 긴털이리응애 암컷성충은 처리 농도가 증가할수록 생존율이 크게 감소하였으나, 0.38~6ppm에서 8~78%가 생존하였으며, 산란수도 농도 증가에 따라 크게 감소하였다. 모든 처리 농도에서 긴털이리응애 난의 부화나 생존 유.약충의 발육에는 영향이 없었다. 유.약충의 생존율은 농도 증가에 딸라 감소하여 0.38~3ppm에서 42~90%가 성충으로 우화하였다. 중독된 먹이를 섭식한 긴털이리응애 암컷 성충은 생존율에는 별 영향이 없었지만, 산란수와 차세대의 성비에는 상당한 영향을 받았다. 또한 긴털이리응애에 상대적으로 영향이 적어 아치사농도라할수 있는 0.38~0.75ppm에서의 abamectiondms 점박이응애나 간자와응애의 종합관리에서 긴털이리응애와 식식성응애류의 밀도비율 조절에 유요할것으로 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.1781-1786
• /
• 2013

Objective: The study was designed to assess the skin and subcutaneous toxicity in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma treated with four different schedules of FOLFOX. Methods: The patients with histologically confirmed advanced colorectal carcinoma (CRC) were included in the study as per specified inclusion criteria. Toxicity was graded according to CTC v2.0. The frequency of grade 3 and 4 adverse effects were comparatively assessed in each treatment arm. Results: Very severe toxicity was attributed to the FOLFOX7 schedule. The difference between the incidence rate of grade 4 toxicity with all other grades for all parameters of skin and subcutaneous toxicity was highly significant (p=0.00<0.001). Grade 4 hand and foot syndrome was reported only in the FOLFOX7 treatment arm. The most frequent adverse symptom of skin and subcutaneous toxicity reported in the patients treated with modified schedule of FOLFOX was pruritus (grade 1). Frequency and onset of skin and subcutaneous toxic symptoms like alopecia (p=0.000), nail discoloration (p=0.021) and pruritis (p=0.000) was significantly different in each FOLFOX treatment arm. A few cases of oncholysis were also reported in the FOLFOX7 treatment arm. Hand and foot syndrome was fast progressing in patients with grade 1 toxicity. Conclusion: Higher frequency and severity of hand and foot syndrome and pruritus wasa found in the FOLFOX7 treatment arm. Skin and subcutaneous toxicity was comparatively low in the FOLFOX6 treatment arm.

• 대한임상독성학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.34-41
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This study evaluated aggressive hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) by understanding various exposure routes of acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, the risk factors causing acute cardiovascular, and neurological toxicity caused by poisoning. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted based on the medical records of 417 acute CO poisoning patients who visited the emergency care unit from March 2017 to August 2019. The exposure routes, HBOT performance, age, sex, medical history (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, heart failure), intentionality, loss of consciousness (LOC), intake with alcohol or sedatives, and initial test results (carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), troponin-I, electrocardiography, echocardiography, brain MRI) were examined. Comparative analysis of the clinical information was conducted between the groups that showed acute cardiovascular toxicity and neurological toxicity, and groups that did not. Results: Among 417 patients diagnosed with acute CO poisoning, 201 cases (48.2%) were intentional, and charcoal briquette was the most common route (169 patients (40.5%)). Two hundred sixteen cases (51.8%) were accidental, and fire was the most common route (135 patients (32.4%)). The exposure route was more diverse with accidental poisoning. Three hundred ninety-nine patients were studied for acute cardiovascular toxicity, and 62 patients (15.5%) were confirmed to be positive. The result was statistically significant in intentionality, LOC, combined sedatives, initial COHb, HTN, and IHD. One hundred two patients were studied for acute neurological toxicity, which was observed in 26 patients (25.5%). The result was statistically significant in age and LOC. Conclusion: Active HBOT should be performed to minimize damage to the major organs by identifying the various exposure routes of CO poisoning, risk factors for acute cardiovascular toxicity (intentionality, LOC, combined sedatives, initial COHb, HTN, IHD), and the risk factors for acute neurological toxicity (age, LOC).

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.453-459
• /
• 2015

This paper aims to evaluate the results of acute toxicity testing with Daphnia mag$Na^+$ and Vibrio fischeri and characteristics of ionic substance of treated effluent which contained salt. Acute toxicity with Daphnia mag$Na^+$ and Vibrio fischeri and salinity of 19 samples (4 business categories) were a$Na^+$lysed. Salinity of effluent could explain the fluctuation of toxicity with D. mag$Na^+$ about 66% ~ 91% ($r^2=0.66{\sim}0.91$). The results of acute toxicity testing with V. fischeri of treated effluent (aggregate manufacture facilities) did not indicate toxicity (TU = 0), whereas that of chemical manufacture facilities indicated toxicity. V. fischeri, a candidate test organism, seemed suitable test organism for acute toxicity testing of effluent except high salinity (above 65‰ ~ 70‰) in aggregate manufacture facilities (nonmetalic minerals facilities). The performance of ion composition about treated effluent of surveyed facilities indicated that ion concentration of $Na^+$ (5,740 mg/L) and $Cl^-$ (9,727 mg/L) showed high level among 6 major ions ($Na^+$, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $SO_4{^{2-}}$, $Cl^-$) in effluent of nonmetalic minerals facilities. In addition, Clion seemed to influence the D. magna survival rather than $Na^+$ ion.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국독성학회 2005년도 춘계 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회
• /
• pp.134-134
• /
• 2005

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.145-149
• /
• 2007

Studies of relationship between structure and toxicity of azo dyes have been performed with comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) techniques. 3D QSTR analyses indicate that the steric and electrostatic interactions are important. The steric field based model gives strong correlation ($q^2$=0.57, $r^2$= 0.92). The steric field in conjunction with electrostatic field give more strong correlation ($q^2$=0.57, $r^2$=0.95). All study indicates that a bulky and electronegative group at benzene ring and a small group at position 3 of aniline ring might be significant to reduce the mutagenicity.