• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.870-879
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• 2010

Objective : This study is about stroke risk factors which may differ between countries. Methods : We recruited 1725 ischemic stroke patients from multiple-centers. We analyzed stroke risk factors: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, depression, cardiac source, smoking, waist-to hip ratio, alcohol intake, physical activity, and psychosocial stress. We then compared risk factor results from other countries (the INTERSTROKE study) with this study. Results : 10 risk factors are related to stroke incidence. They were somewhat different between this study and the INTERSTROKE study. Conclusions : Hypertension is the most important risk factor of stroke, and other 9 risk factors also should be managed to prevent stroke incidence. Frequency of risk factors were different from the INTERSTROKE study. I think it could be partly due to differences of ethnicity and age. More studies are needed to describe characteristics of risk factors of Koreans.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제56권10호
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• pp.667-678
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 단순한 형상의 지하역사를 대상으로 준3차원 침수 흐름 시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며, 우수유입지점 수와 우수 유입량 변화에 따른 침수 흐름 특성 및 침수 위험도를 분석했다. 침수 해석 결과로부터 보행 안정성 평가를 위한 한계유속을 계산하여 미끄러짐 및 전도 사고 발생 가능 영역을 분석했다. 그 결과, 미끄러짐 사고는 침수계단에서 발생할 가능성이 있고 전도 사고는 침수계단과 지하2층 계단 주변에서 발생할 우려가 있었다. 침수 위험도에 대한 세부적 판단을 위해 4단계로 침수 위험도를 평가하는 Flood Hazard Degree (FD)와 3단계로 평가하는 Flood Intensity Factor (FIF)를 적용했다. 그 결과, FD가 FIF에 비해 더 넓은 영역에서 침수 흐름에 의한 위험이 있는 것으로 판단했다. 한계비력, 미끄러짐 및 전도 사고 발생 한계유속, FD, FIF 방법으로 평가한 침수 위험 발생 영역을 비교했을 때 한계비력은 다른 평가 방법에 비해 침수 위험 영역을 과대 산정했고, FIF는 과소산정하는 결과를 나타냈다. 또한 모든 평가 방법을 고려했을 때 우수 유입량이 우수유입지점 수보다 침수 위험도 평가 결과에 지배적 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 동일한 방향으로 침수 흐름을 일으키는 우수 유입 조건 보다 서로 충돌하는 침수 흐름을 일으키는 조건에서 침수 위험도가 증가했다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2020

본 연구는 대학생들의 취업스트레스와 자가구강상태의 관련성을 파악하기 위하여 대학생 361명을 대상으로 2019년 9월 2일부터 27일까지 설문조사를 시행하였다. 자료는 SPSS 22.0프로그램을 이용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 취업스트레스가 높은 경우 자가구강건강상태의 비교 위험도는 잇몸부종 1.7배, 궤양 1.46배, 지각과민 1.53배로 나타났다. 일반적 특성(성별,나이,학년,전공)을 보정한 후 비교위험도는 잇몸부종 1.56배, 궤양 1.42배, 지각과민은 1.44배로 나타났다. 이에 취업스트레스는 구강건강에 관련성이 있다는 것을 알 수 있었으며 취업스트레스를 낮추기 위한 상담지원이나 스트레스 조절법과 같은 다양한 방법을 모색하여 구강건강을 예방하고 관리하는 방법을 강구하는 것이 필요하다고 여겨진다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.167-184
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• 2022

Purpose - This paper analyzes all possible issues that need to be considered in case disputes occur with regard to force majeure in international commercial contracts through the comparative study between English and Korean during COVID-19. Design/methodology - This paper belongs to the field of explanatory legal study, which aims to explain and test whether the choice of law is linked to the conditions that occur in the reality of judicial practice. The juridical approach involves studying and examining theories, concepts, legal doctrines, and legislation that are related to the problem. Findings - English law does not permit general economic impracticability to qualify as a valid force majeure event. If a party asserts that they were prevented from performing the contract, the courts will examine this strictly. Many commercial contracts in a broad range of sectors and industries are chosen by parties to be governed by English law. With COVID-19, there have been discussion of parties being released from performance as a result of force majeure. Meanwhile, under Korean law, a force majeure event should be unforeseeable and beyond a party's control. Since COVID-19 is a known event for future contracts, to avoid the risk that a similar situation in the future is deemed foreseeable and under a party's control, parties must ensure that such a risk is properly addressed in a contract. Therefore, it is necessary to have a new clause to cover a pandemic. Originality/value - In light of the ongoing unexpected and uncertain economic impacts COVID-19 is expected to bring to the world, it is anticipated that companies will experience an increased number of claims involving force majeure around the world, including English and Korea. As such, taking proactive steps to assess the applicable legal principles, including the concept of force majeure of contract, will help companies be prepared for the financial or legal implications of COVID-19. In this regard, it would be advisable for companies and businesses to take specific actions.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.301-313
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• 2024

Objective: The current body of evidence lacks clarity regarding the comparative efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) as minimally invasive treatments for benign thyroid nodules. The primary objective of this study is to clarify these concerns. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted using the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Europe PMC, and Medline databases until October 10th, 2023, using a combination of relevant keywords. This study incorporated literature that compared RFA and MWA for benign thyroid nodules. The primary outcome was the volume reduction ratio (VRR) from baseline to follow-up. Secondary outcomes were symptom score, cosmetic score, ablation time, major complications rate, hemorrhage, hoarseness, skin burn, cough, and sympathetic nerve injury. We used Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. We employed random effects models to analyze the standardized mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio for the presentation of outcomes. Results: Nine studies with 2707 nodules were included. The results of our meta-analysis indicated similar efficacy between RFA and MWA in terms of VRR during the 1 (SMD 0.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.13 to 0.26; P = 0.52) and 3 (SMD 0.11; 95% CI: -0.03 to 0.25; P = 0.12) months of follow-up. VRR was significantly higher in RFA than in MWA at the 6 (SMD 0.25; 95% CI: 0.06-0.43; P = 0.008) and 12 month of follow-up (SMD 0.38; 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.59; P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between RFA and MWA in symptom scores, cosmetic scores, or the incidence of complications, including hemorrhage, hoarseness, skin burn, cough, and sympathetic nerve injury. Conclusion: RFA showed a higher VRR than MWA at 6 and 12-month follow-ups, with a comparable safety profile.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제37권11호
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• pp.619-630
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• 2015

본 연구는 국내 폐금속 광산에 특화된 인체위해성평가 방법을 제시하고, 두 폐금속 광산 지역에 시범적으로 적용하여 광산별 중금속 오염물질(As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn)에 대한 인체위해도를 정량적으로 산출하고자 수행되었다. 이를 위해 폐금속 광산에 적합한 7가지 노출경로 등의 노출시나리오를 설정하고, 폐금속 광산 지역 거주 주민의 특성에 맞는 노출인자를 추출하여 인체위해성평가에 활용하였다. 또한 최종적으로 얻어진 발암 및 비발암 위해특성을 광산별, 노출경로별, 오염물질별, 수용체별로 비교 분석하였다. 두 광산 모두에서 총 초과발암위해도가 허용 가능한 위해도인 $1{\times}10^{-6}$의 값보다 크게 나타나서 발암위해성이 있는 것으로 판명되었으며, 두 광산에서의 발암위해성은 유사한 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 두 광산 모두에서 성인에 대한 위험지수가 1보다 큰 값을 보여 비발암위해성이 있는 것으로 나타났고, 어린이의 경우에는 위험지수가 1보다 작은 값을 보여 상대적으로 비발암위해성이 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 비발암위해성은 대정광산에서 봉광산보다 상대적으로 큰 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 발암 및 비발암위해성을 유발하는 주요한 노출경로는 농작물섭취와 지하수섭취로 평가되었다. 어린이의 경우에는 성인에 비해 상대적으로 표토섭취와 표토피부접촉 경로에 의한 발암 및 비발암 위해성이 큰 것으로 조사되었다. 오염물질별 위해성을 살펴보면, 발암위해성은 As, 비발암위해성은 As, Cd, Pb 등으로부터 주로 유발되어 As가 발암 및 비발위해성의 주요한 오염물질로 조사되었다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.556-565
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• 2014

Objectives: This study is aimed at inquiring into the grasp of real condition of working environment and improvements by calculating the hypertension distribution consequent on job stress risk and exposure level of alleviating factors. In addition, this study is intending to estimate the hypertension distribution through socio-demographic factors and level of stressors occurring at working environment, such as high workload, low control, low support, job insecurity, long working hours, low income. Methods: This study estimated the hypertension distribution using the tertiary Korean Working Conditions Survey data, and conducted comparative analysis according to the category of individual questionnaire items using odds ratio. Result: As a result of study, it was found that in the event that working environment satisfaction is low and business & an immediate superior's attitudes are negative, the hypertension distribution was high. Particularly, it was found that physical risk factor musculoskeletal risk factor, and mental risk factor in a workplace were all increasing the hypertension distribution. Conclusions: With the aged workers' labor market participation ratio increasing, hypertension could be a major issue in the field of Occupational Safety and Health. Thus, it's necessary that the relevant employer should lower the hypertension distribution through creation of pleasant working environment and inducement of workers to improve in the relations with their superiors. As for the uppermost limit of this study, there is a limit to clarifying the mechanism of hypertension through multivariate statistics analysis because it's difficult to establish causal relationship by individual questionnaire item as the working conditions survey is made by cross-sectional study. In the follow-up research, this study is going to do research on the mechanism of hypertension through questionnaire supplementation and in-depth analysis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2016

Objective : The purpose of this study was to figure out the radiologic findings and risk factors related to adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) using 3-year follow-up radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance image (MRI). Methods : A retrospective matched comparative study was performed for 64 patients who underwent single-level ACDF with a cage and plate. Radiologic parameters, including upper segment range of motion (USROM), lower segment range of motion (LSROM), upper segment disc height (UDH), and lower segment disc height (LDH), clinical outcomes assessed with neck and arm visual analogue scale (VAS), and risk factors were analyzed. Results : Patients were categorized into the ASD (32 patients) and non-ASD (32 patients) group. The decrease of UDH was significantly greater in the ASD group at each follow-up visit. At 36 months postoperatively, the difference for USROM value from the preoperative one significantly increased in the ASD group than non-ASD group. Preoperative other segment degeneration was significantly associated with the increased incidence of ASD at 36 months. However, pain intensity for the neck and arm was not significantly different between groups at any post-operative follow-up visit. Conclusion : The main factor affecting ASD is preoperative other segment degeneration out of the adjacent segment. In addition, patients over the age of 50 are at higher risk of developing ASD. Although there was definite radiologic degeneration in the ASD group, no significant difference was observed between the ASD and non-ASD groups in terms of the incidence of symptomatic disease.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.477-486
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 한국의 제2형 성인 당뇨병 환자를 대상으로 당뇨병 위험 지각 측정 도구 (RPS-DM)의 신뢰도와 타당도를 평가하기 위하여 시도되었다. 당뇨병 위험 지각 측정 도구는 번역 과정을 통해 내용타당도를 확보한 후 서울 지역 상급 종합병원 내분비내과 외래를 이용하고 있는 성인 183명을 대상으로 자기입식 설문조사로 방식을 이용하여 자료 수집을 진행하였다. 자료 분석은 탐색적 요인분석과 문항 간 상관계수, 검사 재검사 신뢰도 검사를 수행하였다. 내용 타당도 검증 결과를 보면 당뇨병 위험 측정 도구는 '위험 지식'을 제외하면 '지각된 통제 (3문항)', '낙관적 편견 (2문항)', '환경적 위험 (9문항)', '질병 위험 (9문항)'의 4가지 하부 구성요인으로 확인되었으며, 4가지 요인으로 전체 분산의 45.1%를 설명하고 있었다. 원 도구에서 제시된 '걱정'은 위험 지각 측정 도구의 하부 구성 영역에서 제외하였다. 당뇨병 위험 측정 도구는 한국인의 당뇨병 위험 지각 수준을 측정할 수 있는 타당성있고 신뢰성이 있는 도구임을 제언한다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the health risk behaviors, mental health and subjective health status of adolescents in multicultural families and monocultural (Korean) families. This study was conducted to prepare basic data for education and policy proposals related to health promotion of adolescents in multicultural families. Methods: The study was a secondary analysis using the raw data of the 15th Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2019). A complex sample multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to understand the influence of growing up in a multicultural family on health risk behaviors, mental health and subjective health status by comparing the variables to those of monocultural adolescents. Results: Adolescents from multicultural families had a 3.3 times higher rate of drug use experience, 1.89 times higher rate of sexual experience, and 1.24 times higher rate of not wearing seat belts. In addition, the rate of not washing hands and the rate of suicide attempts were 1.34-1.50 times and 1.62 times higher, respectively, compared to adolescents from monocultural families. Conclusion: This study showed that it is necessary to develop appropriate health promotion programs to solve the problems of drug use, sexual intercourse, not wearing seat belts, not washing hands, and attempting suicides, which are more prevalent among adolescents from multicultural families than from monocultural families. It will serve a basic policy for the long-term development and growth of Korea at this critical time when multicultural adolescents are increasing.