• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.485-501
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• 2023

Objectives: The Ministry of Employment and Labor has revised the articles regarding management of the thermal environment in the workplace. Currently, two types of regulations exist together with indoor workplaces as the scope of application. It appears that the time has come to discuss regulations. In this study, we aim to identify the feasibility of and problems with the current system through a comparative legal review of workplace thermal environment management laws from around the world. We suggest directions for improving South Korea's workplace thermal environment management laws. Methods: For the several selected countries, we analyzed the classification and content of obligations stipulated for the thermal environment, the presence or absence of specific measures for thermal environment management, legal status and content, and the scope of application of thermal environment provisions and measures. The investigated content was classified according to Zweigelt-Kotz's legal theory. Results: In some countries, employers' obligations for regulating the thermal environment are broadly divided into two types: results and actions. The scope of application of provisions and measures on the thermal environment was extensive, with most of the selected countries targeting general workplaces. Conclusions: In the case of South Korea, restricting and classifying target workplaces and imposing separate obligations to manage a workplace thermal environment goes against global practices, and stipulating legal orders and separate action obligations in guidelines does not conform to the characteristics of South Korea's legal system, meaning that improvement is needed.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.493-503
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• 2022

With the rise of epigraphy and textology, and the emerge of many famous outstanding clerical script masters, Qing Dynasty becomes another important innovation period in the development of the clerical script. Jin Nong and Yi Bingshou are two important clerical script masters in the Qing Dynasty. Thus, researches on the courses of their careers as well as a comparative study between these two calligraphers, Jin Nong and Yi Bing, are specially important. The comparative study of Jinnong and Yibingshou's clerical script is a relatively new subject, which is entered from the angel of comparative perspective between their clerical scripts works. Through an in-depth research on different inheritance routes, which are origin from Han Dynasty clerical scripts, of Jin Nong and Yibingshou, it is found that these two calligraphers are different in innovation of clerical script style, theory of calligraphy and of clerical script practice. This paper focuses on a comparative study of the different clerical theories and clerical script works between Han Dynasty, Jinnong and Yi Bingshou. A comparative study of clerical script works of Jin Nong and Yibingshou in Qing Dynasty provides a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding on these two calligraphers; meanwhile, it provides valuable learning paths for later calligrapher in the field of clerical script, and can be regarded as references in the innovation of the official script style.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.85-89
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• 2015

Background: The study was designed to assess the changes in working conditions through a comparative analysis of the characteristics of working conditions in 2006 and 2010. Methods: We performed a comparative analysis of the data related to the first Korean Working Conditions Survey (KWCS) and the second KWCS in the categories of demographic characteristics, quality of labor, exposure to hazards, and health problems. Results: From our analysis of the demographic characteristics, we saw an increase in labor force participation rate of women and elderly people. As a result of the investigation with regards to working hours, the ratio of employees who worked for ${\geq}49$ hours per week was decreased and the ratio of employees who worked for ${\geq}40h/wk$ increased. As for exposure to hazards, exposure to tobacco smoke notably decreased in 2010 compared with 2006. With regards to health problems, there was a sharp increase in the number of people who complained of muscle pain in their arms and legs. Conclusion: KWCS data included many aspects of working conditions as a nationwide sample. In addition, because this is a periodic nationwide survey, the labor force, working hours, harmful factor exposure, and the change in health problems characteristics according to the flow of time could be investigated. The information comparing the main results of the first survey conducted in 2006 and the second survey conducted in 2010 obtained through this study can be used as an important base material for the establishment of the national policy.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.314-325
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• 2013

Background: Stem cell research competition is accelerating globally since President Obama signed an executive order, repealing Bush-era policy that limited use of federal tax dollars for embryonic stem cell research. Methods: In this paper, we conducted a comparative analysis of stem cell research policy changes in three countries, including the Human Fertilisation Embryology Act (HFEA) of UK, executive order 13,505 (removing barriers to responsible scientific research involving human stem cells) of USA, and Bioethics and Safety Act of South Korea. Debates on stem cell research are based on conflicts of fundamental beliefs that exist in the supporting and opposing coalitions. We compared regional characteristics of the advocacy coalitions in three countries and presented various factors that might be related to the policy changes. Results: The UK government, parliament, and the HFEA have sought expert consultations and public opinions to establish guidelines. UK has made social consensus through continued discussion for a long time. US President's veto power was one strongest factors influencing policy. South Korean policy was influenced by public opinion and policy brokers. Also, South Korea has not made social consensus. UK had a strong leadership and strong adjustment of coalitions but US and South Korea had not. Dr. Hwang's scandal has had one of the greatest impacts on policy decision in South Korea. Conclusion: The power of public opinion was critical in all three countries. In particular, the influence of public opinion was noticeable in South Korea. Also it turned out that in US and South Korea, the presence of a policy broker who could pursue his or her goals was the most powerful factor among the advocacy coalition factors.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.911-923
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• 2000

A comparative clinical study on the ordinary toothbrush($Buttler^{(R)}$, America) and the silicone toothbrush($Jefe^{(R)}$, Korea) was performed. The volunteers who took part in this study were students of Dental college of Yonsei University and patients attending Dental Hospital of Yonsei University. They were classified into two group, control and experimental group. Control group brushed with nylon toothbrush and experimental group did with silicone toothbrush under the researcher's guidances. Volunteers were examined on Plaque Index(PI), Gingival Index(GI), Probing Depth(PD), Bleeding on Probing(BP) and Recession(R) at base line, 1st. week, 2nd. week and 4th. week. According to the results, both group have the tendency of improvement in the degrees of GI, PI and the improvement degree of GI of both group has the significant differences from base line statistically, and there are not statistically significant differences between the silicone and nylon group in respect of PI, GI values. So based on the present study, it could be carefully ascertained that the silicone toothbrush has similar effect with nylon toothbrush in respect of PI and GI. If it is sure that the silicone toothbrush is seldom abrasive and possibly enough to massage the gingiva, this new brush is worth to be recommended by the dentists.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.61-65
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• 2005

Comparing 231 genes on chimpanzee chromosome 22 with their orthologous on human chromosome 21, we have found that 15 orthologs have indels within their coding sequences. It was rather surprising that significant number of genes have changed by indel, despite the shorter time since their divergence and led us hypothesize that indels and structural changes may represent one of the major mechanism of proteome evolution in the higher primates. Human T-complex protein 10 like (TCP 10L) is a representative having indel within its coding sequence. Gene structure of human TCP10L compared with chimpanzee TCP10L gene showed 16 base pair difference in genomic DNA. As a result of the indel, frame shift mutation occurs in coding sequence (CDS) and human TCP10L express longer polypeptide of 21 amino acid residues than that of chimpanzee. Our prediction found that the indel may affect to dramatic change of secondary protein structure between human and chimpanzee TCP10L. Especially, the structural changes in the C-terminal region of TCP10L protein may affect on the interacting potential to other proteins rather than DNA binding function of the protein. Through these changes, TCP10L might influence gene expression profiles in liver and testis and subsequently influence the physiological changes required in primate evolution.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.133-138
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• 2022

Taurine is a type of sulfur-containing amino acid having a sulfate functional group, that is biosynthesized from cysteine. It is mainly distributed in high concentrations in animal tissues and is known to have various effects such as osmotic pressure control, calcium control, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatocellular protection. Also, taurine deficiency causes a variety of symptoms, including visual impairment. In particular, in the case of cats, taurine is not biosynthesized and must be supplied through food, so it is classified as an essential amino acid. In this study, an analysis method using mass spectrometry was developed instead of the commonly used derivatization method to quickly, environmentally, and precisely analyze taurine in various animal feeds. The developed analytical method showed good linearity (R² > 0.99), accuracy (81.97-105.78%), and precision (0.07-12.37%). In addition, the developed method was further verified through quantitative comparison with the derivatization method. This developed method was used in the determination of taurine in 20 animal feed samples obtained from South Korea. The levels of taurine found ranged from 81.53 to 6,743.53 mg/kg. The developed analysis method will be used for the detection and quantification of taurine in domestic feed.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.47-55
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• 1996

This study developed a comprehensive and easily applicable nuclear reactor control system evaluation method using reactor operators behavioral and mental workload database. A proposed control panel design cycle consists of the 5 steps: (1) finding out inconvenient, erroneous, and mentally stressful factors for the proposed design through evaluative experiments, (2) drafting improved design alternatives considering detective factors found out in the step (1), (3) comparative experiements for the design alternatives, (4) selecting a best design alternative, (5) returning to the step (1) and repeating the design cycle. Reactor operators behavioral and mental workload database collected from evaluative experiments in the step (1) and comparative experiments in the step (3) of the design cycle have a key roll in finding out defective factors and yielding the criteria for selection of the proposed reactor control systems. The behavioral database was designed to include the major informations about reactor operators' control behaviors: beginning time of operations, involved displays, classification of observational behaviors, dehaviors, decisions, involved control devices, classification of control behaviors, communications, emotional status, opinions for man-machine interface, and system event log. The database for mental workload scored from various physiological variables-EEG, EOG, ECG, and respir- ation pattern-was developed to indicate the most stressful situation during reactor control operations and to give hints for defective design factors. An experimental test for the evaluation method applied to the Compact Nuclear Simulator (CNS) installed in Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) suggested that some defective design factors of analog indicators should be improved and that automatization of power control to a target level would give relaxation to the subject operators in stressful situation.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.321-329
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• 2023

The bacterium Neobacillus endophyticus BRMEA1^T, isolated from the medicinal plant Selaginella involvens, known as its thermotolerant can grow at 50℃. To explore the genetic basis for its heat tolerance response and its potential for producing valuable natural compounds, the genomes of two thermotolerant and four mesophilic strains in the genus Neobacillus were analyzed using a bioinformatic software platform. The whole genome was annotated using RAST SEED and OrthVenn2, with a focus on identifying potential heattolerance-related genes. N. endophyticus BRMEA1^T was found to possess more stress response genes compared to other mesophilic members of the genus, and it was the only strain that had genes for the synthesis of osmoregulated periplasmic glucans. This study sheds light on the potential value of N. endophyticus BRMEA1^T, as it reveals the mechanism of heat resistance and the application of secondary metabolites produced by this bacterium through whole-genome sequencing and comparative analysis.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.468-512
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• 2023

Sustainable Information Technology (IT) and Sustainable Information Systems (IS) were synonymous with Green IT-IS until recently the studies focused on sustainable IT-IS encompassing the interaction between economy, society, and environment. Here, is an attempt to understand the development in the emerging field of Sustainable IT-IS from Green IT-Green IS. The studies in the area of Sustainable IT-IS spare address diverse topics. This study attempts to provide a framework for the field of research and indicate potential research directions in the sustainable IT-IS domain. A detailed comparative analysis approach of 296 papers has been used to understand the progress of management research in Sustainable IT-IS vis-à-vis Green IT-IS. The review analyses the collated literature to understand the trends across the study period, development across various economies/ geographies, methodological approaches used, behavioral and theoretical aspects investigated, and finally, develop a taxonomy based on identified theses in the field of study. The study highlights that developed countries focus more on studies on the Sustainable IT-IS domain compared to other economies. It was evident that sustainable IS has received very limited focus. The study identifies 7 major themes and 29 subthemes forming the area of study during the evolution of Sustainable IT-IS through Green IT-IS. Subsequently, taxonomy was proposed to identify future research initiatives for investigation. The review comparing the evolution of research on managerial issues on Sustainable IT-IS vis-à-vis Green IT-IS is provided perhaps for the first time. The study provides an avenue for future research in the upcoming domain of Sustainable IT-IS.