• Hip & pelvis
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.144-154
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• 2024

Purpose: The objective of this study was to assess postoperative direct medical expenses and medical utilization of elderly patients who underwent either hemiarthroplasty (HA) or internal fixation (IF) for treatment of a femoral intertrochanteric fracture and to analyze differences according to surgical methods and age groups. Materials and Methods: Data from the 2011 to 2018 Korean National Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service database were used. Risk-set matching was performed for selection of controls representing patients with the same sex, age, and year of surgery. A comparative interrupted time series analysis was performed for evaluation of differences in medical expenses and utilization between the two groups. Results: A total of 10,405 patients who underwent IF surgery and 10,405 control patients who underwent HA surgery were included. Medical expenses were 18% lower in the IF group compared to the HA group during the first year after the fracture (difference-in-difference [DID] estimate ratio 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77-0.87, P<0.001), and 9% lower in the second year (DID estimate ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.85-0.99, P=0.018). Length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the IF group compared to the HA group during the first two years after time zero in the age ≥80 group. Conclusion: A noticeable increase in medical expenses was observed for patients who underwent HA for treatment of intertrochanteric fractures compared to those who underwent IF over a two-year period after surgery. Therefore, consideration of such findings is critical when designing healthcare policy support for management of intertrochanteric fractures.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.27-60
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• 2016

An integrated assessment model of climate and the economy (IAM) has been a standard tool for the economic analysis of climate change and policy recommendations. Since policy measures to address climate change take places at a national level, a regional integrated assessment model of climate and the economy (RIAM) is gaining more importance. A RIAM is a useful tool for the assessment of regional (or national) impacts of climate change. This paper investigates the main features of the currently available RIAMs. The focus is social welfare functions and the regional aspects of climate change. The comparative analysis shows that there is a huge gap between the economics of climate change and its applications to RIAMs. As an application, this paper examines the effect of social welfare functions on optimal solutions of the RICE (Regional Integrated model of Climate and the Economy) model. It is found that optimal climate policy such as carbon tax or emissions control rate is very sensitive to the assumptions on social welfare functions of RIAMs. It is better for each country to have their own RIAM as a basic tool for national climate policy-making and for international bargaining in greenhouse-gas mitigation. This is because a country's own preferences such as efficiency, equity, and sustainable development as well as national circumstances can be reflected in RIAM. The Republic of Korea has not developed its own RIAM yet. The comparative analysis and the numerical model in this paper can be a stepping stone for the development of such a national model.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 2010

Ecological risk assessment (ERA) has been used to establish environmental quality standards or evaluate ecological risk in site-specific areas. The scope of ERA was expanded based on regions, and the concept of regional-scale ecological risk assessment was recently introduced in developed countries. In the present study, regional ERA approaches of relative risk model (RRM), contaminants in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems (CATS) model, and procedure for ecological tired assessment of risks (PETAR) in advanced countries were extensively investigated. Regional ERA was compared with traditional ERA process. Stressors, receptor and response in traditional ERA were replaced with sources of stressors, habitats, and ecological impacts, respectively in regional ERA. This study introduces the concept and assessment process of regional ERA, and provides a wide perspective how the relative ERA could be applied in Korean ecosystem.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.353-361
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• 2015

This study focused on the use of peer assessment activities to investigate its the impact on students' argumentation skills in argument-based inquiry. The participants of the study were 106 10th grade students (four classes). Two classes were assigned to the experimental group, and the other two classes were assigned to the comparative group. The experimental group was taught argument-based inquiry through the application of peer assessment activities. The comparative group was taught argument-based inquiry without peer assessments. At the claim and evidence stage, students were asked to evaluate whether peers' claims fit with the evidence and whether peers' explanation of the evidences validity was sufficient. The quality of argumentation used in the students' writing was different in each group. According to the analysis of the summary writing test, the results showed that the experimental group had a significantly higher mean score than the comparative group in argumentation components, including evidence and warrant/backing. In addition, the experimental group used better multimodal representation including explanation of evidence than the comparative group. The findings showed that argument-based inquiry applying peer assessment activities had an effect on the argumentation skills in students' writing.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.25-58
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• 2009

This study aimed to establish a conceptual scheme of the quality of university and to develop a set of structured indicators for assessing the quality of university based on the result of comparative analysis of major approaches in foreign countries. Reviewing extensive literatures regarding the quality of higher education, a conceptual scheme of the quality of university, in which three representative approaches such as a goal-accomplishment approach, a customer-satisfaction approach, and a value-added approach were emphasized, was proposed and the quality of university was defined as a function of harmonization of input-process-output elements of universities. To develop indicators for assessing the quality of university, four types of approaches including university accreditation system, commercially-producted university ranking system, college student survey, and direct assessment of students' learning outcomes were reviewed. Finally thirteen sets of evaluation indicators out of six countries were comparatively analyzed. The analyses focused on the format, the content, and the primary concept of the quality in each instrument and a draft of the assessment indicators were structured. The draft of the assessment indicators were verified through a panel of professionals. The final indicators assessing the quality of university consist of three dimensions and seven areas. The input dimension comprised institutional goals, human resources, and physical resources. In the process dimension, curriculum and learning process areas were included. And, finally, the output dimension consists of educational outputs and research outputs. Based on the outcomes of the study, the recommendations were suggested for improving and utilizing the assessment indicators of the quality of university.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.183-193
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• 2015

Several transgenic marine medaka Oryzias dancena strains harboring a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter construct regulated by an endogenous ${\beta}$-actin promoter were established and their expression characteristics in relation to transgene copy numbers were examined in 21 transgene genotypes. Most of the transgenic strains displayed transgene insertion patterns typical of microinjection-mediated introduction of foreign DNA into fish embryos, characterized by the random integration of multiple transgene copies (ranging from 1 - 282 copies per cell), often accompanied by the formation of concatemer(s), as assessed by genomic Southern blot hybridization analysis and qPCR. Transgenic strains showed ubiquitous and continued temporal and spatial expression patterns of the transgenic GFP during most of their life cycle, from the embryonic stage to adulthood, enabling assessment of the expression pattern of the endogenous ${\beta}$-actin gene. However, a comparative evaluation of transgene copy numbers and expression levels showed that copy number-dependent expression, the stability of the ubiquitous distribution and expression efficiency per transgene copy varied among the transgenic strains. Fluorescence expression levels were positively correlated with absolute transgene copy numbers, whereas the expression efficiency per transgene copy was inversely related to the number of transgene integrant copies. Data from this study will guide the selection of potentially desirable transgenic strains with ubiquitous expression of a fluorescent transgene, not only in this marine medaka species but also in other related model fish species.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.477-487
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• 2011

In this study, we deduced the best estimation methodology for amount of carbon sequestration by vegetation, through the case study using the data obtainable from the environmental assessment procedure. Our results showed that the estimation methodology using the national vegetation map was the best for the strategic environmental assessment, whileas those using the vegetation growth equation were applicable for environmental impact assessment procedure. Furthermore, we found that the amount of carbon sequestration by farmland and/or grassland, not by vegetation, was not negligible. Therefore, we concluded that the area of farmland and/or grassland need to be taken into account during the landuse planning.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.6-14
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• 2007

The objective of this research is to comparative LCA(life cycle assessment) between two different model of Electric Motor Unit(EMU).the environmental impact of Aluminum body Electric Motor Unit(EMU) and Stainless Steel(STS) body Electric Motor Unit(EMU). LCA process consists of four steps which are goal, scope definition, life cycle impact analysis(LCIA) and life cycle interpretation. ISO 14044 provides the LCA standard method which can be conducted by using comparative LCA. From the research it is foung that the Aluminium Body Electric Motor Unit (EMU) is 3.6ton heaver than Stainless Steel(STS) body Electric Motor Unit(EMU). The system boundary of both Electric Motor Unit (EMU) are same life span and travel same distance. These both Electric Motor Unit (EMU) has same kind of environmental impact which is maximum Ozone Depletion(OD). During using period of these two models, the Aluminium Body Electric Motor Unit(EMU) has more global warming(GW) effect but Stainless Steel(STS) body Electric Motor Unit(EMU) has more Ozone Depletion(OD) effect. The above result is obtained by using LCA software PASS verson 3.1.3.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.927-939
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• 2012

Cool roofs are currently being emerged as one of important mechanism to save energy in relation to the building. Although green roof has already gained nation-wide recognition as a typical method of energy saving in the roof, this approach did not provide a realistic evidence that is economically feasible in terms of installation cost. This research is primarily intended to compare installation cost between the two techniques. This research proposes a comparative evaluation framework in a more objective and quantitative way for an installation cost between the two techniques. Kyungpook National University (KNU) was selected as a survey objective and an exhaustive and realistic comparison of installation cost between the two techniques was conducted, based on Life Cycle Cost analysis (initial investment cost, maintenance cost, dismantling and waste disposal expense). It was possible to identify that installation cost of cool roofs is 4.7 times cheaper than that of green roof. Also present value based on probabilistic approach was identified as 0.25 (4.95) higher than the installation cost on the assumption of constant price and interest. It is expected that much more installation cost for the large scale green roof will be required since small-size green roof selected as a survey objective in this study could be operated under less initial installation and maintenance condition.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.307-314
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• 2010

Brebbia's model has been analyzed to develop the appropriate waterworks management system in Korea, and compared with the conventional models such as EPANET, WaterCad, and InfoWorks. The hydraulic theory of the models was analyzed. Each model's numerical techniques, required parameters, input data and operational methodologies, restrictions, practical applicability and other aspects were investigated. In order to check the validity of Brebbia model, the comparative analysis with EPANET, WaterCAD, and InfoWorks models was performed for linear and nonlinear cases. To find out advantages and disadvantages of each model, the modeling was performed for a simple network and for more complicated A city waterworks system, and the three models applicability was examined. Finally, optimal modeling technique and a model suitable for the use in Korea was suggested, and the problems related to present projects of waterworks management system in Korea were analyzed.