• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.5-16
• /
• 1998

The purpose of nursing education is to prepare the professional pratictioner as nurse who will be interesteed in the health and the related aspects of community and will assume responsibility for con tributing toward the improvement of the health for the all. This means that nursing education must provide opportunities for the development of knowledge, skills, and attitudes which make this possible. Consequently, this approach has relavence for nursing education. Faculty engaged in endless debates about what is to be included, and to what de1th, and what will be given short shrift as a result. Thus, it can be seen why there is so much confusion and lack of agreement between the emphasis and objectives in nursing. This study attempted to review and identify the curriculum content of child nursing in Korea to build and develop the standard curriculum contents for national board examination for nurses and child's health needs for the coming 21st centry. The questionnaire was consisted of items for selection and organization of the knowledge components and type of unit with weigh to be attained in child nursing. Response of 34% of nursing program in university and junior college. Content analysis was done by using consensual validation of essential knowledge for curriculum content to identify what is obvious or trivial. This study pointed out that it is not yet apparent that demographic fact has greatly influenced child nursing curriculum content. In a similar vein the majority of content of child nursing devote little time and weigh to social and epidemically significant to child health. It seems to be needed that the content of child nursing may push the paradigm shift in nursing education such as health promotion and prevention for potentional roles of child and family. In conclusion, it is the time to convoke and debate for convergence of model on essential content and standarization on job analysis for national board exam for nurses in Korea.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.157-168
• /
• 1995

This study was carried out, through analyzing the annual reports(year of 1973-1993) on health status of Su Dong-Myun, and specific survey data of 332 households(Su Dong-Myun 209, Byul Nae-Myun 123), located in Nam Yang Ju-Si, Kyung Gi-Do, from July 20 to July 31, 1995, to find out more effective means for primary medical care in a rural area. The results were as fellows : 1. Number of population in Su Dong-Myun was 5,419 in 1973, 4,591(the lowest) in 1987 and 5,707 in 1995. In the composition rate of population, "0-14" of age group showed markedly decreasing tendency from 43.1% in 1975, to 19.1% in 1995, however "65 and over" markedly in creasing tendency form 5.3% in 1975 to 9.8% in 1995. 2. Annual utilization rate per 1,000 inhabitants in Su Dong-Myun showed markedly increasing tendency from 1973 to 1977 such as 343 in 1973, 540 in 1975, 900 in 1977. However, since 1979, the rate showed rapidly decreasing tendency, such as 846 in 1979, 519 in 1985, 190 in 1991 and 1993. 3. The morbid household rate per year was 53.6% of respondents and the rate per 15 days was 48.2%. In disease classification rate of morbid household per year, Arthralgia & Neuralgia was the highest rate(33.9%) and gastro-intestinal disorder(19.3%), Cough(11,9%), Hypertension(7.8%), Accident(3.2%) in next order. 4. In the utilizing facilities for Primary Medical Care, Medical facilities was showed the highest rate(58.1% of respondents) and Pharmacy and Drug Shp(33.1%), Tradition Method(4.0%) in next order. In the Medical facilities, General private clinic was showed the highest rate(34.3%) and specific private Clinic(22.3%), Hospital(19.0%), Health (Sub)center(16.3%), Nurse practitioner (3.3%), Oriental hospital and clinic(2.7%) in next order. 5. Experience rate, utilizing health subcenter was 51.8% of the respondents, and it was 55.0% in Su Dong-Myun and 46.3% in Byul Nae-Myun. In utilization times of health subcenter, times-rate showed next orders such as 1-2 times/6months(31.6%), 1-2 times/year (22.1%), 1-2 times/months(19.2%), 1-2 times/3months(15.6%). 6. In objectives, visiting Health Subcenter, Medical Care was the highest rate(59.8% of the respondents) and health control(23.3%) was in next order. In Medical Care, Primary Care by general physician was higher rate(51.1%) almost all. In the Health control, Immunization too was high rate(18.0%) in health control activities. 7. The reasons rate, utilizing health subcenter showed next order, such as distance to Medical facilities(33.0% of the respondents), Medical Cost(28.1%), Simple process of consultation (10.8%), Effectiveness of cure(7.6%), Function of primary medical care(7.0%) and Attitude of physician(6.5%). 8. In the affecting factors to utilization of primary medical facilities, medical needs was showed the highest rate(29.5% of the respondents) and medical cost(15.4%), distance to medical facilities(14.2%), traffic vehicle(14.2%) and farm work(6.9%) in next order. 9. In the priority between 'daily farm work,' and 'primary medical care', only 46.4% of respondents answered that primary health care is more important than the daily farm work The 22.6% of respondents answered 'daily farm work', and the 12.3% answered 'the equal of the both'. 10. In the criterion of medical facilities choice, medical knowledge and technical quality was showed the highest rate(56.3%), distance or time to medical facilities(10.9%), sincerity and kindness of physician(9.4%), medical cost(8.7%) and traffic vehicle(6.5%) in next order 11. In the advise for improvement of health subcenter function, the 36.1% of respondents answered that 'enforcement of medical personnel and equipment' was required, and then 'improved medical technology'(25.5%), 'good attitude of physician'(14.9%), 'improved medical system'(13.3%), 'enforced drug'(6.7%) in next order. 12. The study on affecting factors to utilization of primary medical facilities was very difficult subject to systematize the analyzed results, due to a prejudice of protocol planner, surveyer and respondent, and variety and overlapping of subject matter.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.209-221
• /
• 2000

I began the study to identify the issues related to knowledge. attitude and behavior regarding smoking by sixth graders. which will ultimately lead to the development of a smoking prevention program that will not only help deter school-age children from smoking, but also make them aware of the more desirable behaviors and techniques for healthier life. The results are as follows: 1. Smoking Behavior: Of the focus group. 4.15% are current smokers and 18.23% are ever smokers. 2. Correlation between smoking knowledge and ever smoking: Ever smoking sample($11.10{\pm}3.66$) is less knowledge able than the never-smoking sample($12.17{\pm}3.95$), (t=3.23. p=.001). 3. Correlation between smoking attitude and ever smoking: Ever smoking sample($28.12{\pm}8.51$) was less desirable than the never-smoking sample($l2.17{\pm}3.95$). (t=8.24, p=.000). 4. Correlation between smoking Knowledge and smoking attitude: knowledge about smoking and attitude toward smoking are quantitatively correlated in such way that the more knowledgeable the child is about smoking. the more desirable the attitude toward smoking is(r=.17. p=.000). 5. Correlation between socio-anthropological characteristics and ever smoking: family . atmosphere($x^2$=16.49. p=.001), school life ($x^2$=l1.58, p= .003), grades in school( $x^2$=11.89. p=.003), gender($x^2$=8.97. p=.003). friends' gathering place($x^2$=13.19. p=.02), marital status of parents(p* =.03). and family's financial status($x^2$=6.71. p=.035). In addition, Correlation between somking-environmental characteristics and ever smoking: number of friends who smoke($x^2$=76.01. p=.001). information source for smoking($x^2$=48.03. p=.001), whether or not siblings smoke($x^2$=26.07, p=.001), whether or not female relatives smoke ( $x^2$= 15.65. p= .001), whether or not father smokes ($x^2$= 12.10. p= .007), errands to buy cigarettes for someone($x^2$=9.18. p=.010), and whether or not male relatives smoke ($x^2$=8.82. p=.35) 6. Results of the logistic analysis performed to identify the factors correlated to ever smoking show that: one point decrease in attitude score translates to 25.39 times' increase in ever smoking one person decrease in the number of friends who smoke translates to 0.66 times' decrease in ever smoking: the group where the father has quit smoking has 1.40 times more ever smoking than the group where the father does not smoke at all: and likewise, the group where the father currently smokes has 1.40 times more ever smoking than the group where the father has quit smoking. 7. The overall cause-and-effect relationship between the ever smoking and the related factors: attitude toward smoking caused ever smoking by -.43, smoking by friends, by .12, marital status of arents, by .05, school life. by .04, gender, by -.03, and smoking by father, by -.02. Knowledge about smoking (t=-1.67) did not cause significant effects on ever smoking.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.566-576
• /
• 2000

This study was carried out to examine the effects of school safety education on the safety behavior among elementary school students. Sixty-two 4th grade students were sampled from an elementary school in Pohang city and divided into one experimental group and one control group. The safety education has been provided to the experimental group for 4 weeks The data were collected before, just after, and 8 weeks after the education. In the pre-test, the general characteristics and safety behavior between two groups were measured. The experimental group was given school safety education twice a week for 4weeks. They also filled out the self behavior check list. In the post-test and follow up-test safety behavior was collected. The data analysis was done using $X^2$-test. t-test. Repeated measures ANOVA, analysis of simple main effect and time contrast methods, they were processed with an SPSS Win 9.0/pc. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1) There were no differences between experimental group and control group on the general characteristics and safety behavior in the pre-test. 2) The hypothesis: 'The experimental group which was given school safety education will show higher scores on safety behavior than the control group which was not given this was supported(F=6.43 p=0.01). 3) The subhypothesis 1 : 'The scores on the indoor safety behavior of the experimental group which was given school safety education will show higher than those of the control group which were given this was supported(F=3.59 p=0.03). 4) The subhypothesis 2 : 'The scores on the outdoor safety behavior of the experimental group which was given, school safety education will show higher than those of the control group which was not given this was supported(F=5.70 p =0.00). In consequence, the experimental group which was given school safety education scored higher on safety behavior than the control group. Therefore, school safety education should continue to encourage safety behavior among elementary school students.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 1995

One of the biggest problems of Nursing Education in Korea is the division among nursing education programs of the last 3 and 4 years. To solve this problem, Nursing community must do variable trials to achieve the unity of a 4-year educational program. With this, we need to observe the phenomena and reality of the present 4-year nursing educational program that we have. The object of this study is to analyse and discuss that we have. The object of this study is to analyse and discuss the problems and future strategies of 4-year Nursing Baccalaureate program. 1. Problems as nursing department in Medical School. 1) Many 4-year nursing baccalaureate programs are operating under the medical school as nursing department. So the academic development in nursing department is unprogressive and is not approved as unique discipline. 2) The operating system between nursing and medical department are different even though they are in the same school. 3) Inequality between nursing and medical department : In many case, the nursing professor can not attend administraion committees to discuss the medical school's operation because of many differences between nursing and medical organization. 4) Weakness of the leadership and the student activities in nursing student : The nursing student involvement is usually passive because of the difference of curriculum, less number than medical students and the difference between 4-year and 6-year education program. 5) There is the obscurity of the relationship between department of nursing and other departments in whole university. 2. Problems in nursing itself 1) We need to reconstruct nursing discipline. We must change from the disease centered model to health centered model and life cycle centered model so that we can be distinguished from medicine. We also must change from hospital centered nursing to all population centered nursing, 2) The improvement of curriculum ; When the independent framework of nursing discipline become established, we need to improve the curriculum. 3) The education of clinical practice ; Most nursing school programs are divided into professors who are lecturing the theory and clinical teachers who are teaching the nursing technique in the clinic. So, what is needed in nursing discipline is that the professors have a dual position. In America, The professor is required to be a clinical specialist and to have his or her clinic so that the professor become a good role model, teach the clinical practice effectively, and give the student the practice field. 4) To extend fields of nursing : At first, the school nurse must become the school health educator, a real teacher. The nurse must establish and operate a childern's wellbeing center or nursery school, a disabled people's house or senile's wellbeing center, a mental health center, and a health promotion clinic for healthy people. 5) The name 'nursing department' need to be considered. When the focus is to be changed from the disease model to health improvement model, we take into consideration change 'nursing college', 'nursing department' and 'nursing profession' to 'health science college' or 'health wellbeing college'. 6) We must have highly qualified academic students. Each Nursing educational faculties must have the high qualified students through the development of nursing educational program and the increment of scholarship. The Korean Nurses Association and The Korean Clinical Nurses Association need to make an endeavor for the improvement of work condition and payment of clinical nurses of hospitals who consist of 70% of all nursing manpower. 3. Improvement Strategy 1) All nursing educational program must be changed 4-year program gradually. 2) Nursing department need to try to become nursing college. 3) We need to study many researches for improvement of the problem in nursing discipline and nursing education. We need more interdisciplinary researches, and we need to be granted for that research. 4) We need to have many seminars and workshops thoughout the whole country to expand a sense of nursing education. 5) Drawing up a policies plan for the nursing educational improvement : The Korean Nurses Association, The Korean Academic Nursing Association, Korea Nursing College and department President's Committee, and Korea Academic Society of Nursing Education must try for the development of nursing educational improvement and ask for government frame the policy to develop nursing education.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.76-86
• /
• 2009

Objectives: This study was conducted to find out the frequency of urinary incontinence among the rural elderly people and its related factors. Methods: Informations have been obtained through interviews from the 464 rural residents of advanced age over 65 years on September 1st through November 30th, 2007, in Chungnam Province. Results: As for the rate of experiencing urinary incontinence, the group with the experience rate of 「every day」 were 9.5% and 「occasionally」 35.5%, with the total of 45.0%. The higher rates of urinary incontinence were in the elderly women(58.5%) than in the elderly men (29.8%), in the more advanced in age, in the higher educated, and in the groups with higher monthly income. Based on life styles, the rate of experiencing urinary incontinence was significantly higher in smoking groups and non-drinking groups. Based on subjective senses of health, it was more highly associated with the groups who reported that they were not healthy, that they concerned themselves about health, that they had physical disability, that they had forgetfulness, and they needed assistance in terms of activity of daily living(ADL) and instrumental activity of daily living(IADL) than their respective counterparts. By the result of multiple logistic regression, sex, age, smoking status, anxiety, physical disability, amnesia, and IADL was indicated the affecting factors to the prevalence of urinary incontinence. Conclusions: The above results reveal that the rate of urinary incontinence was higher in the elderly women than the elderly men, and in more advanced age. Moreover, its rate increases in the groups with undesirable life styles or lower senses of subjective and physical health conditions. It is highly suggested that efforts to manage urinary incontinence of the elderly need to be narrowed to the more advanced, especially those with lower standards of health conditions.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.298-309
• /
• 2003

The educational preparation of nurses has been the focus of considerable debate globally. It is needed the change of the basic nursing education for professional nurse to prepare the trends of the health care needs of clients for coming new generation. And also it is believed that educational preparation for being nurses is to be responsible to clients' needs. The purpose of the study was to develop a baccalaureate program in nursing. This study were implemented through three stages from April 2001, to April 2002.: preparation stage which were consisted of reviewing of the literatures, interviewing the fellow nurses in a variety workplace, and consulting professors who were concerned with the nursing education to identify the present educational problems, and analyzing the contents of seven major courses in nursing education, evaluation stage about a new developed curriculum with the directors of the five nursing schools, and confirmation stage of new developed education programme. The developed education programme was designed as a four year program with 126 credit hours including 39 credit hours of liberal arts, 34 credit hours of supplementary courses, and 53 credit hours of nursing major based on the four basic nursing dimensions of human, health, environment and nursing. Nursing majors were consisted of Nursing Ⅰ(oxygenation), Nursing Ⅱ(nutrition elimination), Nursing Ⅲ(activity rest), Nursing Ⅳ(neurologic- endocrine protection), Nursing Ⅴ(fluids electrolytes/sex reproductive), Nursing Ⅵ(psycho-social), Community Health Nursing, Fundamental Nursing, School Health, and Emergency care. This new nursing programme was focused on the nursing education for prevention and rehabilitation nursing care as well as the acute and chronic nursing care at hospital, on the integrated nursing programme to become effective, and the nursing process to encourage the critical thinking. The new education programme focused on the professional nurses who are responsible the nursing ethics, communication skills, and professional beliefs to suit the future trends in health. And also it will be needed for faculties to manage the integrated curriculum, to analyze the contents of each subject, and to communicate with each other before a new education programme apply to their education programme in future. This research was supported by the Han Kok Medical Science Foundation

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.83-102
• /
• 1995

As the society is being industrialized, the fast-paced economic development that has caused substantial increase in cerebrovascular and coronary artery diseases and the industrial development and increased use of means of transportation have resulted in the rapid rise of incidents in external injuries as well. So the pubic has become acutely aware of the need for fast and effective emergency care delivery system. The goal of emergency care delivery system is to meet the emergency care needs of patients. The emergency care delivery system is seeking to efficiently satisfy the care needs of people. Therefore the purpose of this study is designed to develop an effective programs for emergency care delivery system in Korea. The following specific objectives were investigated. This emergency care delivery system must have the necessary man power, for transfering the patients, communication net work, and emergency care facilities. 1) Man power Emergency care requires n0t only specialized traning in the emergency treatment but also knowledge and experience i11 other related area, so emergency care personnel traning program should be designed in order to adapt to the specific need of emergency patients. It will be necessary to ensure professional personnel who aquires the sufficient traning and experience for emergency care and to look for legal basis. We have to develop re-educational programs for emergency nurse specialist. They should be received speciality of emergency nursing care so that they will work actively and positively in emergency part. Emergency medical doctor and nurse specialist should be given an education which is related in emergency and critical care. Emergency care personnel will continue to provide both acute and continuing care as partner with other medical team. 2) Transfering the patients. Successful management of pre-hospital care requires adequate traning for the emergency medical technician. Traning program should be required to participate in a actual first aids activites in order to have apportunities to acquire practical skills as well as theoretical knowledge. The system of emergency medical technician should be remarkablly successful with first responder firefighters. Establishing this system must add necessary ambulances operating at any given time. It will be necessary to standardize the ambulance size and equipment. Ambulance should be arranged with each and every fire station. 3) Communication net work. The head office of emergency commumication network should be arranged with the head office of fire station in community. It is proposed that Hot-line system for emergency care should be introduce. High controlled ambulance and thirtial emergency center should simultaneously equip critical-line in order to communication with each other. Ordinary ambulance and secondary emergency facility should also simultaneously equip emergency-line in order to communication with each other. 4) Emergency care facilities. Primary emergency care facilities should be covered with the ambulatory emergency patients-minor illness and injuires. Secondary emergency care facilities should be covered with the emergency admission patients. Third emergency care center should be covered with the critical patients who need special treatments and operation. Secondary and third emergency care facilities should employ emergency medical doctor and emergency nurse specialist to treat in-patients with severe and acute illness and multiple injuires. It should be fashioned for a system of emergency facilities that meets emergency patients needs. Provide incentives for increased number of emergency care facilities with traning in personal/clinical emergency care. 5) Finance It is recommended to put the finance of a emergency care on a firm basis. The emergency care delivery system should be managed by the government or accreditted organizations. In order to facilitate this relevant program the fund is needed for more efficient and effective emergency researchs, service, programs, and policy. 6) Gaining understanding and co-operation of pubic It is also important to undertake pubic education to improve understanding of first aids and C. P. R of individuals, communities and business. It is proposed that teachers and health officers be certified in C. P. R. The C. P. R education can be powerful influence save lives. Lastly appropriate emergency care information must be provided to the pubic for assisting them in choosing emergency care.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.46-69
• /
• 2001

Hospice Care is the best way to care for terminally ill patients and their family members. However most of them can not receive the appropriate hospice service because the Korean health delivery system is mainly be focussed on acutly ill patients. This study was carried out to clarify the situation of hospice in Korea and to develop a hospice care delivery system model which is appropriate in the Korean context. The theoretical framework of this study that hospice care delivery system is composed of hospice resources with personnel, facilities, etc., government and non-government hospice organization, hospice finances, hospice management and hospice delivery, was taken from the Health Delivery System of WHO(1984). Data was obtained through data analysis of litreature, interview, questionairs, visiting and Delphi Technique, from October 1998 to April 1999 involving 56 hospices, 1 hospice research center, 3 non-government hospice organizations, 20 experts who have had hospice experience for more than 3 years(mean is 9 years and 5 months) and officials or members of 3 non-government hospice organizations. There are 61 hospices in Korea. Even though hospice personnel have tried to study and to provide qualified hospice serices, there is nor any formal hospice linkage or network in Korea. This is the result of this survey made to clarify the situation of Korean hospice. Results of the study by Delphi Technique were as follows: 1.Hospice Resources: Key hospice personnel were found to be hospice coordinator, doctor, nurse, clergy, social worker, volunteers. Necessary qualifications for all personnel was that they conditions were resulted as have good health, receive hospice education and have communication skills. Education for hospice personnel is divided into (i)basic training and (ii)special education, e.g. palliative medicine course for hospice specialist or palliative care course in master degree for hospice nurse specialist. Hospice facilities could be developed by adding a living room, a space for family members, a prayer room, a church, an interview room, a kitchen, a dining room, a bath facility, a hall for music, art or work therapy, volunteers' room, garden, etc. to hospital facilities. 2.Hospice Organization: Whilst there are three non-government hospice organizations active at present, in the near future an hospice officer in the Health&Welfare Ministry plus a government Hospice body are necessary. However a non-government council to further integrate hospice development is also strongly recommended. 3.Hospice Finances: A New insurance standards, I.e. the charge for hospice care services, public information and tax reduction for donations were found suggested as methods to rise the hospice budget. 4.Hospice Management: Two divisions of hospice management/care were considered to be necessary in future. The role of the hospice officer in the Health & Welfare Ministry would be quality control of hospice teams and facilities involved/associated with hospice insurance standards. New non-government integrating councils role supporting the development of hospice care, not insurance covered. 5.Hospice delivery: Linkage&networking between hospice facilities and first, second, third level medical institutions are needed in order to provide varied and continous hospice care. Hospice Acts need to be established within the limits of medical law with regards to standards for professional staff members, educational programs, etc. The results of this study could be utilizes towards the development to two hospice care delivery system models, A and B. Model A is based on the hospital, especially the hospice unit, because in this setting is more easily available the new medical insurance for hospice care. Therefore a hospice team is organized in the hospital and may operate in the hospice unit and in the home hospice care service. After Model A is set up and operating, Model B will be the next stage, in which medical insurance cover will be extended to home hospice care service. This model(B) is also based on the hospital, but the focus of the hospital hospice unit will be moved to home hospice care which is connected by local physicians, national public health centers, community parties as like churches or volunteer groups. Model B will contribute to the care of terminally ill patients and their family members and also assist hospital administrators in cost-effectiveness.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.43-54
• /
• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to construct a protocol for the prevention of suicide in male baby boomers. Methods: In order to construct the protocol, a three-step expert consensus process was carried out. The first step was to compose questions based on various research data. For this purpose, two professors of psychiatric mental health nursing and two advanced practitioner nurse of psychiatric mental health in the composition. The second step was to conduct the first Delphi survey on expert panelists. The survey period was from October 13, 2015 to November 1, 2015. The third stage, the second Delphi investigation was conducted from November 10 to December 4, 2015. Results: As a result of the survey, a total of 7 areas of protocol configuration items were derived. The derived items include the characteristics of male baby boomers, suicidal signs, suicide risk factors, suicide protection factors, suicide measurement tools, related organizations, and mental health promotion programs. Conclusion: This study can be used as a guideline when intervening suicide prevention of male baby boomers in community mental health centers.