• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 2013

The western coast of Anmyeondo is open toward the Yellow sea and the northern and southern coasts are sandy and have simple coastlines. In this study, we investigated the spatial distribution and community structure of the macrobenthos that inhabit the sandy shore of Anmyeondo. For the study, we chose 8 sites encompassing 44 stations. In total, we have recorded 62 species, and collected 747 inds./$m^2$ on average. Zonation pattern did not appear because the mean grain size and organic contents of the study sites were similar among the macrobenthos. Polychaetes were most frequently recorded, but amphipods appeared in higher mean density. Macrobenthic community is classified into 3 groups largely based on the density difference among the dominant species and the groups were not influenced by environmental factors. The aggregated distribution of macrobenthos did not show a clear regional spatial difference but exhibited classification pattern emphasizing the density difference of the dominant species. The sandy shores of Anmyeondo are relatively more influenced by waves compared to other regions and the sediment moves more due to strong winds, etc. at low tide. We presume that the movement of sediment resulted in a relatively even sedimentary environment and consequently weakened environmental variables that change with the tide level. We concluded that the macrobenthic community does not show the zonation pattern in the sandy shores of Anmyeondo due to such influences.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.274-282
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• 2014

Objectives: The objective of this study was to revise the target pattern in food guidance system for adolescents' balanced menu planning. Methods: The food groups in the target pattern were divided into detailed food items, and intake number were assigned to each food items based on the revised standard food composition table. The validity of revised target pattern was examined. Menu planning according to the revised target pattern was made available to 305 male and female middle school students and the nutritional assessment of the menu plan were carried out using SPSS WIN 12.0. Results: The energy contents, energy contribution ratios of carbohydrate, fat, and protein, and 4 minerals' and 6 vitamins' contents of the revised target pattern were adequate. The average energy contents of the menu planned according to revised target pattern were 400~500 kcal higher than that of the revised target pattern when the revised standard food composition was applied. The energy contribution ratios of fat were 28.9%, close to maximum of acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR) (30%), and that of carbohydrate were 54.5%, lower than minimum of AMDR (55%). The nutrient adequacy ratios (NARs) of calcium and vitamin C were less than 1.0. According to index of nutritional quality (INQ) of food items, kimchi, milk dairy products, and soybean curd were energy efficient source for calcium, kimchi, fruit, vegetable and seaweed were energy efficient source for vitamin C, with INQ of food items were higher or close to 2.0. Kimchi was the best energy efficient source of calcium and vitamin C. Conclusions: Revised target pattern based on the adolescent's foods intake was not good enough for balanced menu planning by adolescents, because what they ate and what they wanted to eat were very much different. Detailed guidance for food selection is necessary in each food items.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2021

Post-disturbance recovery pattern of subtidal soft corals-macroalgae mixed community and the role of water depth were investigated. The experiment was conducted in a subtidal rock wall of Munseom, Jeju Island, Korea for 2.5 years. Artificial disturbance was done at established treatment plots at depths of 10, 15 and 20 m and were then compared with undisturbed control plots. After disturbance, recovery of soft corals was very slow, whereas macroalgae quickly occupied the plots and reached a similar level as the control in 6 months, and this pattern was consistent at all water depths. This unbalanced speed of recovery caused higher macroalgae establishment than soft corals in treatment compared to control plots, indicating a possible phase shift in the community structure. This study provides an important implication for the necessity of monitoring the influence of disturbance at a larger scale, from a conservation perspective of soft corals in Jeju coast.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.45.2-45.2
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• 2008

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.104-109
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• 2017

Objectives: Epicardial fat is true visceral fat that is known to be associated with metabolic syndrome, high abdominal fat, insulin resistance, coronary artery diseases, low coronary flow reserve and subclinical atherosclerosis. Dampness-Phlegm pattern is one of the pattern diagnosis of traditional Korean medicine. Previous studies showed that Dampness-Phlegm pattern is associated with hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome. This study is intended to find association between Dampness-Phlegm pattern and epicardial fat thickness. Methods: This study was a community-based single center trial. Ischemic stroke patients within 30 days after their ictus were enrolled. Epicardial fat thickness was measured using transthoracic echocardiography. Other measured and obtained variables are medical history, weight, height, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerol, high density lipoprotein, lipid and low density lipoprotein. Results: Three hundred sixty six were enlisted, and one hundred forty were diagnosed with the Dampness-Phlegm pattern. Dampness-Phlegm pattern group had significantly thicker epicardial fat. Binary logistic regression also showed statistically significant result. Conclusions: This study showed close association between epicardial fat and Dampness-Phlegm pattern. This result suggests a clue to standardization of pattern identification.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.192-197
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• 2009

Nowadays, apartment is become a representative residential pattern. With these tendency, the concern about the apartment community in order to recover the dreary relationship with neighbors which is one of theproblem of the modern society and supplement of insufficien space of the community. However, this kind of community facirlities programs aren't individualized and it's operation is so paltry that it's actuasituation is no more than a simplesupply. Therefore, this study selected two cases of the apartments which are similar in size of number of families and construction year among winners of an excellent apartment award. I would like to focus on actual conditions of operation and use of the community facilities in management sides' view attempted a comparative analysis.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.471-484
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• 1994

The forest vegetation types and their structural characteristics in Mt. $Mud\v{u}ng$ were investigated by classification method and ordination method. The forest was classified into 7 communities by ristic composition table: Quercus monogolica community, Q. serrata community, Q.acutissima community, Q.variabilis community, Q.dentata community, Pinus densiflora community and Frainus mandshurica community. Considering the moisture gradient, two kinds of distributuin pattern were shown as follows; F. mandshurica, Q. acturissima, Platycarya strobilacea and Staphylea bumalda were distribute at moist habitats, while Q. monogolica, P. densiflora and Q.variabilis at dry habitats. In continuum analysis, each population occupied different distribution area but it was continuously overlapped. On the successional trends of tree species, it is postulated that Q. mongolica species might dominate the altitudinal zone over 700m.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.135-149
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to examine how perceived family-friendliness of community influences parents' efficacy and stress. This study asks three research questions: 1) what is the geographical boundary of community perceived by parents with pre-school children, 2) how the components of family-friendly community affect parents' perception on family-friendliness of their communities, 3) how the perceived family-friendliness of their community affects parenting efficacy and stress. Drawing on a sample of 628 parents(318 males, 310 females) who had at least one pre-school child, we analyze the data by frequencies, means and hierarchical regressions. The major findings are as follows. While the responses on the geographical boundary of community varies the most frequent response is 'Gu'. Both knowledge on family service infra and community social capital, which consist of family-friendly community, affect the perception of family-friendliness of community. The perceived family-friendliness of community is positively associated with parenting efficacy and negatively associated with parenting stress. The effect of the perceived family-friendliness of community on parenting efficacy disappears when social capital is included in the model. There is no such pattern in the association between the perceived family-friendliness of community and parenting stress.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.513-521
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• 1994

Distribution patern of 30 species that are occurring predominantly in the mantle communities (Mantelgesellschaften) in South Korea was studied. The study was arried out by geographic and bioclimatic analysis on 368 releves obtained from the Zurich-Montpellier School's method, which involves direct analysis on the latitude, altitude, annual mean temperature and the lowest temperature of the site. Rosa multiflora and Pueraria thunbergiana which are regarded as repersentative pioneer species to the mantle community has the highest frequency, 70.1% and 60.3%, respectively. Three distribution patterns were recognized, i.e. northern type, central type and southern type, and each type was characterized by horizontal and altitudinal amplitude. Their concetrate distribution ranges on the annual mean temperature were 8~11℃, 9~12℃ and 10~13℃, respectively. It was recognized that tendencies of overlapping and continuous distribution pattern of the types and species exist. Geographically, the souther limit f the northern type is 35.5。N and the northern limit of the southern type 37.0。N. The central type is located at an coincided with the previous study in which cool-temperate forests were synchorologically indentified into northern/altimontane, certral/montane and southern/submontane type. The subsidiary knowledges from this study will provide practical information on the constructuin of the fence plant community for environmental conservation.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.521-539
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• 2010

Recently many local governments have carried out dong merger and abolition process to cope with rapidly changing administrative demand and environment. This administrative effort impacts substantially the locational characteristics of the existing dong offices which directly involve in the quality of local community life. In this paper, we attempt to analyze the location pattern of current dong community service centers (formerly, 'dong office') and suggest the optimal locations maximizing spatial accessibility. As an application, we examine the location pattern of the existing dong community service centers in Mapo-gu, Seoul. Moreover, we compare current spatial configurations with the optimally selected locations such as, a Median maximizing spatial efficiency, a Center maximizing spatial equity, and a Centdian exploring compromising solutions regarding the tradeoff between efficiency and equity. The analytical results present that each of dong community service centers was systematically evaluated in terms of spatial efficiency and equity and in general the community service center locations are not spatially optimized with respect to efficiency and equity, compared with the optimal locations.