• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 2006

This is paper, with the development of computer and network communications technology, the technology of digital computer and modern communications has integrated into the field of intelligent home appliances, making them intelligentize with the function of a network information terminal. The paper introduces the Bluetooth SIG(Special Interesting Group) and the development of the standard of the Bluetooth. Researches the application model and the practical application of the Bluetooth technology, and the component elements of the Bluetooth. Finally deals with the outlook for the development of the Bluetooth technology.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.529-546
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• 2010

Greedy forwarding is the key mechanism of geographic routing and is one of the protocols used most commonly in wireless sensor networks. Greedy forwarding uses 1-hop local information to forward packets to the destination and does not have to maintain the routing table, and thus it takes small overhead and has excellent scalability. However, the signal intensity reduces exponentially with the distance in realistic wireless sensor network, and greedy forwarding consumes a lot of energy, since it forwards the packets to the neighbor node closest to the destination. Previous proposed greedy forwarding protocols are the sender-based greedy forwarding that a sender selects a neighbor node to forward packets as the forwarding node and hence they cannot guarantee energy efficient forwarding in unpredictable wireless environment. In this paper, we propose the receiver-based greedy forwarding called RGF where one of the neighbor nodes that received the packet forwards it by itself. In RGF, sender selects several energy efficient nodes as candidate forwarding nodes and decides forwarding priority of them in order to prevent unnecessary transmissions. The simulation results show that RGF improves delivery rate up to maximum 66.8% and energy efficiency, 60.9% compared with existing sender-based greedy forwarding.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.129-133
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• 2008

In this paper, modified power control algorithms are proposed for a satellite mobile communications system with ATC (ancillary terrestrial component). In order to increase system capacity and reduce the transmitting power of the user's equipment, we propose the modified power control scheme consisting of the modified closed-loop and open-loop power control. The modified CLPC (closed-loop power control) algorithm, combining the delay compensation algorithms and pilot diversity, is mainly applied to the ATC link in urban areas because it is more suitable to the short RTD (round-trip delay). In the case of rural areas where ATCs are not deployed or a signal is not received from ATCs, combining monitoring transmitting power equipment and OLPC (open-loop power control) algorithms using an efficient pilot diversity is mainly applied to the link between the user's equipment and the satellite. Two power control algorithms are applied equally to the boundary areas where two kinds of signals are received in order to ensure coverage continuity. The simulation results show that the modified power control scheme has good performance compared to conventional power control schemes in a GEO (geostationary earth orbit) satellite system with ATC.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.307-312
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• 2006

Protection to the multimedia contents is inevitable to ensure that only authorized users be able to access the protected contents for consumption. Since protection mechanisms need to be designed efficiently by exploiting the type of the contents, we propose a protection scheme for the video bitstream encoded by Scalable Video Coding (SVC) technique. Our scheme exploits the property of SVC in which a video is encoded into spatial, temporal, and quality scalability layers. By applying our proposed protection scheme to the appropriate scalability layers we can effectively control the SVC contents completely or partially. Each layer can be flexibly protected with different encryption keys or even with different encryption algorithms. The algorithms that are used to protect each layer are described by the standardized protection description tool, which is the MPEG-21 Intellectual Property Management and Protection (IPMP) Components. In this paper, we present the design of the proposed layered SVC protection scheme, its implementation and experimental results. The experiment result shows that the proposed layered SVC protection scheme is very effective and can easily be applied.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.11-14
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• 2006

최근 정보통신 기술의 급속한 발전으로 소형 이동형 단말기를 이용한 각종 스포츠 경기 시청이 두드러지게 증가하고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 이동형 단말기를 통해 제공되는 영상은 일반 TV나 HDTV용으로 제작되어 소형 이동형 단말기의 사용자가 화면을 통해 스포츠 경기의 상황을 인식하는데 많은 불편함을 주고 있다. 특히, 경기 진행 시간이나 점수를 포함하는 점수상자(scoreboard)는 경기의 상황을 파악하는데 매우 중요한 역할을 하나, 소형 이동형 단말기의 작은 화면에서는 점수상자의 내용을 정확히 인식하기가 쉽지 않다. 이에 본 논문은 많은 사람들이 즐겨보는 축구 경기에 대하여 짧은 학습 기간을 갖는 효율적인 점수상자 추출 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 전수상자와 주변 환경의 밝기 정보를 이용한 점수상자 경계 좌표 추출, 학습을 통한 최적의 경계 좌표 결정, 전수상자 영역 추출 및 확대의 세 단계로 구성된다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 점수상자가 없는 프레임에서도 몇 프레임 앞서 표시된 점수상자의 저장을 통해 디스플레이가 가능하도록 하였다. 다양한 축구경기 비디오에 대한 실험을 통해 제안된 알고리즘이 소형 이동형 단말기 상에서 점수상자를 추출하고 이를 사용자가 쉽게 인식할 수 있도록 확대하여 디스플레이 하는 좋은 해결책임을 보이고자 한다.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.268-271
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• 2016

In video sequences, foreground object detection being composed of a background model and a background subtraction is an important part of diverse computer vision applications. However, object detection might fail in sudden illumination changes. In this letter, an illumination-robust background detection is proposed to address this problem. The method can provide quick adaption to current illumination condition using two background models with different adaption rates. Since the proposed method is a non-parametric approach, experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms several state-of-art non-parametric approaches and provides low computational cost.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.440-448
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• 2005

This study explores some basic issues behind adults' seeking and using patterns of alternative medicine as well as health food (health food/medicine). In order to do this, 791 adult participants in Seoul and Busan were interviewed face-to-face. The results of the survey showed that 1) interpersonal influence was the most influential factor in relation to the adoption of health food/medicine(46.9% of the participants reported on the influences), 2) keeping healthy was the main motivation for the usage of health food/medicine(34.5% of the participants), 3) mass media was the important information source for health food/medicine, 4) with regard to trustworthiness of information sources, experts were believed to be the most trustworthy while information from acquaintances were thought less, and finally, 5) pharmacies and health food stores were main suppliers of health food/medicine. This study suggests some marketing strategies for health food/medicine. For example, it can be suggested that interpersonal communication among other information channels should be focused and might be increased trust by using professionals.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.339-350
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• 2003

The Part 7 of MPEG-21, called Digital Item Adaptation, aims at an interoperable transparent access of multimedia contents in heterogeneous environments. This standard facilitates the development of Universal Multimedia Access (UMA) systems, which adapt the rich multimedia contents to provide user the best possible presentation under the constraints of various terminals and network connections. Content adaptation has two major aspects: one is modality conversion that converts content from one modality (e.g. video) to different modalities (e.g. image) the other is content scaling that changes the titrates (or qualities) of the contents without converting their modalities. At the output of adaptation process, the highly-subjective qualities of adapted contents nay vary widely with respect to point-of-views of different providers and different users. So, user should have some control on the adaptation process. In this paper, we describe two description tools of user characteristics, the presentation priority preference and the modality conversion preference, which allow user to have flexible choices on the qualities and modalities of output contents. We also present a systematic approach to integrate these user preferences into the adaptation process. These description tools are developed in the process of MPEG-21 standardization.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.186-196
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose an on-line tracking method using convolutional neural network (CNN) for tracking object. It is well known that a large number of training samples are needed to train the model offline. To solve this problem, we use an untrained model and update the model by collecting training samples online directly from the test sequences. While conventional methods have been used to learn models by training samples offline, we demonstrate that a small group of samples are sufficient for online object tracking. In addition, we define a loss function containing color information, and prevent the model from being trained by wrong training samples. Experiments validate that tracking performance is equivalent to four comparative methods or outperforms them.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.147-160
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• 2019

Compared with the research on consumer engagement in brand community, the research on consumer engagement in brand public has been relatively less. This research aimed at exploring how brand public characteristics such as information variety, various communications and no limitation in expressing self affect the brand public engagement. 274 questionnaires answered by Chinese consumers are used to conduct analysis. Principal component analysis is used to test the reliability and validity of each construct, and structural equation model is used to test hypotheses. The study finds the positive effects of information variety on information benefits, those of various communications on social benefits, and also positive roles of no limitation in expressing self to brand-related self-expression motivation. And each of the information benefits, social benefits and brand-related self-expression motivation is proved to positively affect brand public engagement. The study implies that marketers should give attention to characteristics of brand public, and provide the ways by which members of brand public engage the brand. Additionally, marketers should pay more attention to both direct and indirect engagement activities of consumers toward brand public in social media to better understand their target consumers.