• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.43-49
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• 2003

The common-rail fuel injection system is becoming a common technology for High Speed Direct Injection(HSDI) diesel engines. The injection timing and rate are important factors for combustion control and pollutants formation mechanisms during engine operation. This paper introduces an estimation methodology of the injection timing and rate of a common-rail injector for HSDI diesel engines. A sliding mode observer that is based on the nonlinear mathematical model of the common-rail injector is designed to overcome the model uncertainties. The injector model and the estimator we verified by relevant injection experiments in an injector test bench. The simulation and the experimental results show that the proposed sliding mode observer can effectively estimate the injection rate of the common-rail injector.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2004

future exhaust emission limits for diesel-driven passenger cars will force the automotive company to significantly develop of the new technologies of diesel engine respectively of the drive assemblies. As we know, the contributions of soot and nitrogen oxide is the main problems in diesel engine. Recently, as a result, the pilot injection of common-rail fuel injection system recognizes an alternative function to solve an environmental problem. This study describes the effect of the nozzle structure and driven characteristic of injector on pilot injection fur a passenger car common-rail system. The pilot spray structure such as spray tip penetration, spray speed and spray angle were obtained by high speed images, which is measured by the Mie scattering method with optical system fur high-speed temporal photography. Also the CFD analysis was carried out for fuel behavior under high pressure in between needle and nozzle of injector for common-rail system to know the condition of initial injection at experiment test. It was found that solenoid-driven injector with 5-hole was faster than 6-hole injector in spray speed at same conditions and piezo-driven injector showed faster response than solenoid injector.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.11-16
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• 2001

In the DI diesel engine of passenger cars, common rail injection system have been used to improve the engine performance and reduce the exhaust emission by controlling injection timing, injection pattern, and injection duration. In case that common rail injection system is applied to high speed DI diesel engine, it is necessary to have high response and good repetition characteristics. These characteristics of injector depend on the characteristics of solenoid. Thus, to apply the common rail injection system in the high speed diesel engine, we had designed and made a multi-pole solenoid, and carried out repetition, response test to compare the multi-pole solenoid with the gasoline Injector solenoid. The result shows that repetition and response characteristics of multi-pole solenoid have better characteristics than the gasoline injector solenoid.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.351-358
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• 2006

The capability of high pressure injection with small fuel quantify at all engine operating conditions is one of the main feature in common rail fuel injection system, which is used in small and light-duty Diesel engine. The key parameter for the better atomized fuel sprays and multiple injections of this common rail fuel injection control, that can be freely selected irrespective of the engine speed and load is the mechanism controlling the needle energizing and movement in high pressure Diesel injector. In the electro-hydraulic injector, the injection nozzle is being opened and closed by movement of the injector's needle which is balanced by pressure between the nozzle seat and the needle control chamber. This study describes the macroscopic spray structure characteristics of the common rail Diesel injectors with different electric driving method i.e. the solenoid-driven and piezo-driven type. The macroscopic spray characteristics such as spray tip speed. spray tip penetration and spray cone angle were investigated by the high speed spray, which is measured by the back diffusion light illumination method with optical system for the high speed temporal photography in a constant volume chamber pressurized by nitrogen gas. As the results, the prototype piezo-driven injector system was designed and fabricated for the first time in domestic case and the effect of injector's needle response driven by different drive type was compared between the solenoid and piezo-driven injector It was found therefore. that the piezo-driven injector showed faster needle response and had better needle control capability by altering the electric input value than the solenoid-driven injector.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2002

This paper presents the process of the needle lift estimation ova common-rail injector fur HSDI(High Speed Direct Injection) diesel engines. A nonlinear mathematical model of dynamic behaviors of common-rail injector is established at first. Based on the mathematical model of the common-rail injector, the methodology of estimating the injector needle lift is introduced. A sliding mode observer is applied to overcome the model uncertainties. The common-rail injector model and the needle lift estimator are verified by simulations and experiments. The simulation and experimental results indicate that the model outputs are in a good agreement with experimental data, and the proposed nonlinear sliding observer can effectively estimate the needle lift.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2011

An object of this study is to understand the correlation of injection characteristics and injector dimensions according to biodiesel mixture. The Injection characteristics of different types of common-rail injectors are the number of nozzle holes (5~8), jet cone angle ($146^{\circ}{\sim}153^{\circ}$), hydraulic flow rate (830~900 ml/min) injection quantity and response time. Prior to characteristic experiment, the reference injector has been selected in 6 candidates injectors under the investigation of injected quantity according to the biodiesel mixture so that injector type can be determined. The injector is used for the characteristic experiment which varied the various operating conditions including pressure 23 MPa, 80 MPa, 160 MPa, changing in injection duration 0.16 ms~1.2 ms and even mixture ratio. The result shows that the nozzle hole number and cone angle influence the injection quantity much more than nozzle hole diameter at low injection pressure and the nozzle hole diameter at high injection pressure, post injection duration.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.52-59
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• 2007

Fuel injection system greatly affects the performance of a direct injection diesel engine. A common rail injection system was introduced to satisfy the stringent emission standards, low fuel consumption, and low noise in recent years. The performance of a common-rail fuel injection system is strongly influenced by the injector characteristics. The common rail injector has evolved in order to improve its injection performance. The piezo-actuated injector is more suitable for common rail injection system due to its fast response and is expected to replace current solenoid-operated injector. In this study, nonlinear mathematical models are proposed for the solenoid-operated and the piezo-actuated injectors for control applications. Based on these models, the injection rate, which is one of the most important factors for the injection characteristics, is estimated using sliding mode observer. The simulation results and the experimental data show that the proposed sliding mode observers can effectively estimate the injection timing and the injection rate for both common-rail injectors.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.393-401
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• 2015

The characteristics of diesel and biodiesel are similar like as cetane number and auto-ignition temperature. High cetane number of diesel and BD could make possible to compression ignition. but BD showed different atomization from diesel due to component like density, viscosity and iodine value etc. Because of this, the biodiesel requires validation. This study using diesel and BD20 investigated effect to durability injector. Durability test were used common rail and bosch solenoid type 5-hole injector. Total test was 672hr but actual running time was 200hr. Spray experiments for spray characteristics were carried out using constant volume combustion chamber. Spray characteristics of diesel and BD showed different result up to durability test time. After 100hr, diesel showed spray shapes were stable but BD was not. After 200hr, difference of diesel and BD spray shapes were grow serious.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.499-508
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• 2009

This paper focuses on the modelling of common rail diesel injector using the AMESim code and shows the appropriateness of the developed model. For the developed injector model, simulations are carried out to analyze the behavior characteristics of the injector for the variations of injector model parameters such as orifice diameters, rail pressures, and energizing times. Simulation results show that the diameters of inlet and outlet orifices have close relation with injection quantity. Increment of rail pressure and energizing time provides increment of injection quantity, and simulated energizing time map shows injection characteristics of the common rail injector.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 2010

The capability of pilot injection with small fuel quantity at all engine operating conditions is one of the main feature of the common rail direct injection system. The purpose of the pilot injection is to lower the engine noise and to reduce the NOx emissions. This study describes the pilot spray structure characteristics of the common-rail diesel injectors with different electric driving characteristics, including solenoid-driven and piezo-driven type. Namely three common-rail injectors with different electric current wave were investigated in this study. The pilot spray characteristics such as spray speed, spray tip penetration, and spray angle were obtained by spray images, which is measured by the back diffusion light illumination method with optical system for high-speed temporal photography. As this research results, it was found that pilot injection of common-rail system was effected by rate of injection with different electrical characteristic for injector driving.