• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.88-96
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• 2008

Currently, due to the serious world-wide air pollution by substances emitted from vehicles, emission control is enforced more firmly and it is expected that the regulation requirements for emission will become more severe. A new concept combustion technology that can reduce the NOx and PM in relation to combustion is urgently required. This study used a split injection method at a 4 cylinder common-rail direct injection diesel engine in order to apply the partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion method without significantly altering engine specifications And it is investigated that the effects of the injection ratio and SCV(swirl control valve) to emission characteristics. From these tests, soot(g) and NOx(g) emission could be reduced to 40% and 92% compared to base engine performance at specified engine driving conditions(6 points with weight factors) according to application of split injection and SCV(swirl control valve).

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.234-244
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• 2014

Recently it has been focused that the automobile engine has developed in a strong upward tendency for the use of the high viscosity and poorer quality fuels in achieving the high performance, fuel economy, and emission reduction. Therefore it is not easy to solve the problems between low specific fuel consumption and exhaust emission control at motor cars. In this study, it is designed and used the engine test bed which is installed with turbocharger and intercooler. In addition to equipped using CRDI by controlling injection timing with mapping modulator, it has been tested and analyzed the engine performance, combustion characteristics, and exhaust emission as operating parameters, and they were engine speeds(rpm), injection timing(bTDC), and engine load(%). From the result of an experimental analysis, peak cylinder pressure and the rate of pressure rise were increased, and the location of it was closer toward top dead center according to the increasing of engine speed and load, and with advancing injection timing. The combustion characteristics are effected by fuel injection timing due to be enhanced the mass burned fraction. Using the engine dynamometer for analyzing the engine performance, the engine torque and power have been enhanced according to advancing the fuel injection timing. In analyzing of exhaust emission, there has been a trade-off between PM and NOx with increasing of engine speed and load, and with advanced injection timing. The experimental data are shown that the formation of NOx has increased and PM, vice versa.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2020

The objective of this work is to numerically reveal the effect of equivalence ratio change on the simultaneous reduction of NO_X and soot emissions from the simulated-EGR compression ignition engine containing CO₂. An experiment was conducted by using a single-cylinder common-rail injection system engine, an intake control system, and exhaust emissions analyzers. The numerical analysis results were validated under the same experimental conditions. To investigate the effect of equivalence ratio by simulated-EGR containing CO₂, the O₂, N₂, and CO₂ mole fraction were changed in the initial air conditions to the cylinder. The results were analyzed in terms of peak cylinder pressure, indicated mean effective pressure, indicated specific nitrogen oxide, and indicated specific soot. It was revealed that ignition delay characteristics and heat release rate (ROHR) characteristics were not significantly different according to the equivalence ratio. However, as the equivalence ratio increased from 0.68 to 0.83, the maximum combustion pressure and IMEP decreased by about 6.5% and 9.4%, respectively. In the case of ISFC, as is well known, the trend is opposite of IMEP. In the case of ISNO, as the equivalence ratio increased, less NO was generated, and as the equivalence ratio increased by 0.05, the ISSoot value of about 10% increased.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2006

Recently particulate matter(PM) emission regulations are becoming more strict for diesel engines. There is increasing interest for measuring not only concentration but also size of the particles. Laser-induced incandescence (LII) has emerged as a promising technique for measuring particle volume fraction and size. In this study, the Simple Time Resolved-LII method was applied to exhaust of Ethylene diffusion flame and diesel engine exhaust for measuring soot and PM size. The particle size data from LII technique were calibrated using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope(FE-SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM) photographs. In diesel engine experiments for particle size measurement, results from LII measurement are in a good agreement with those from TEM photograph, and difference between two measurements was less than 16%.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.1121-1126
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• 2010

1.9L 커먼레일 직접분사 디젤 엔진을 이용하여 1500rpm 2.6bar BMEP 에서 다량의 EGR (약 41%)과 연료분사 제어를 통한 저온디젤연소 영역에서 연료의 특성이 연소와 배기가스에 미치는 영향을 분석하 였다. 사용한 연료는 세탄가 30 에 대하여 방향족 성분 (20%: A20, 45%: A45)과 T90 온도($270^{\circ}C$: T270, $340^{\circ}C$: T340)의 조합으로 네 개이다. 주어진 엔진 운전 영역에서 실험계획법을 이용하여 방향족 성분 및 T90 온도에 따른 연소 및 배기가스에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 착화지연 기간은 T90 온도가 지배적인 인자로 T90 온도 증가에 따라 착화지연 기간도 증가하였다. 저세탄가에 의한 착화지연 기간의 증가로 네 가지 연료 모두 PM 배출은 거의 없었다. NOx 배출은 방향족 성분이 지배적인 인자로 방향족 성분증가에 따라 NOx 배출이 증가하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.941-946
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• 2010

1.7L 커먼레일 직접분사 디젤엔진에 대하여 바이오 디젤 연료가 conventional 연소(PM-NOx 트레이드오프 존재)와 저온 연소(low temperature combustion, LTC)에서 배기가스 배출에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. LTC 연소는 conventional 연소 대비 다량의 EGR 과 연료분사 조건 최적화를 통하여 이루어졌다. 실험에 사용한 두 가지 연료는 초저유황 디젤연료(ultra low sulfur diesel fuel, ULSD), ULSD 에 대두유를 20%(vol. base)혼합한 바이오 디젤 연료(B20)이다. 사용된 연료에 관계없이 LTC 연소를 통하여 conventional 연소 대비 PM 및 NOx 의 동시 저감이 가능하였다. 동일한 엔진작동 조건에 대하여 conventional 연소의 경우 B20 는 ULSD 보다 PM은 적게 배출되나, NOx 는 많이 배출되었다. LTC 연소의 경우 B20 는 ULSD 보다 PM 및 NOx 생성이 많았다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.188-194
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• 2007

New diesel engines equipped with common-rail injection systems and advanced engine management control allow drastic decreases in the production of particulate matters and nitrogen oxides with a significant advantage in terms of the fuel consumption and $CO_2$ emissions. Nevertheless, the contribution of exhaust gas after treatment in the ultra low emission vehicles conception has become unavoidable today. Recently the passive type DPF(Diesel Particulate Filter Trap) system for diesel passenger vehicle has been manufactured into mass production from a French automotive maker since the year of 2000. This passive DPF system fully relies on the catalytic effects from additives blended into the diesel fuel and additives injected into the DPF system. In this study, the effects of PM regeneration in the commercial diesel passenger vehicle with the passive type DPF system were investigated in chassis dynamometer CVS(constant volume sampler)-75 mode. As shown in this experimental results, the DPF regeneration was observed at temperature as low as $350^{\circ}C$. And the engine-controlled the DPF regeneration founded to be one of the most promising regeneration technologies. Moreover, the durability of this DPF system was evaluated with a season weather in terms of the differential pressure and exhaust gas temperature traces from a road test during the total mileage of 80,000km.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.313-319
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• 2014

여객 증편열차 운영은 수송력 보강이나 관광열차 운행을 위해 증편된다. 화물열차의 경우는 철도화물수요를 위해 주로 증편된다. 기존 연구들에서는 증편열차 스케줄 작성을 위해 추가 열차의 운행시각을 지정한 후에 운행가능성을 판단한다. 그러나 국내에서 이러한 방법의 경우 추가열차의 증편이 불가능한 경우가 많다. 왜냐하면 한국철도 네트워크는 운행밀도가 높고 여러 차종이 있기 때문이다. 특히 화물열차의 경우 여객열차와의 경합이 발생할 때마다 지연이 증가되거나 운행이 불가능하다. 본 논문에서는 출발시각이 지정된 요청열차 스케줄과 시간범위 내에 운행 가능한 스케줄을 찾을 수 있는 열차 증편모형을 제시한다. 제시된 모형은 혼합정수 계획법으로 모델링하고 열 생성기법을 사용하였다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2002

Dimethyl ether (DM) is one of the most attractive alternative fuel far compression ignition engine. Its main advantage in diesel engine application is high efficiency of diesel cycle with soot free combustion though conventional fuel injection system has to be modified due to the intrinsic properties of DME. Experimental study of DME and conventional diesel spray employing a common-rail type fuel injection system with a 5-holes sac type injector (hole diameter 0.168 ㎜/hole) was performed in a high pressure chamber pressurized with nitrogen gas. A CCD camera was employed to capture time series of spray images followed by spray cone angles and penetrations of DME were characterized and compared with those of diesel. Under atmospheric pressure condition, regardless of injection pressure, spray cone angles of the DME were wider than those of diesel and penetrations were shorter due to flash boiling effect. Tip of the DME spray was farmed in mushroom like shape at atmospheric chamber pressure but it was disappeared in higher chamber pressure. On the contrary, spray characteristics of the DME became similar to that of diesel under 3MPa of chamber pressure. Hole-to-hole variation of the DME spray was lower than that of diesel in both atmospheric and 3MPa chamber pressures. At 25MPa and 40MPa of DME injection pressures, regardless of chamber pressure, intermittent DME spray was observed. It was thought that vapor lock inside the injector was generated under the two injection pressures.

• 에너지공학
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.132-136
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• 2015

바이오디젤은 재생가능한 친환경적인 연료로서 화석연료의 대체에너지로 수송분야에서 각광받고 있다. 따라서 바이오디젤의 사용량은 향후 꾸준히 증가할 것으로 보이며, 이에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 순수 디젤 대비 바이오디젤이 질량기준으로 0%, 5%, 20%, 50%, 100% 혼합된 연료를 사용하여 분무 및 연소실험을 진행하고, 분무각, 평균 입경, 열발생율 등의 특성을 도출하였다. 실험 결과, 바이오디젤의 혼합률이 증가할수록 연료의 점도 및 밀도가 증가하여 분무각과 특정 위치에서의 평균 입경이 작아지는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 바이오디젤의 함산소 특성으로 인해 초기 연소가 촉진되며, 이로 인해 연소 종료 시점이 앞당겨 지는 것을 볼 수 있었다.