• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.336-352
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• 2017

Objective: This study investigated the perception, utilization, and satisfaction (in the general population), of the common cold treatment at the Korean Medical Clinic, to provide basic information for the development of Korean medicine clinical practice guidelines for the common cold. Method: A questionnaire was developed that consisted of questions about the general perception, utilization status, degree of satisfaction, willingness to use, and the improvement of the common cold treatment at the Korean Medical Clinic. An online survey was conducted using this questionnaire. Results: Three-hundred subjects responded to the survey. The results of the analysis were as follows. 1. 73.7% of the subjects recognized the common cold treatment at the Korean Medical Clinic. 2. 72% of the subjects had a positive perception of Korean medicine for common cold treatment. The major reason for the positive perception was the expectation about improving immunity and preventing recurrence. 3. Only 20% of the subjects had visited the Korean Medical Clinic for common cold treatment. The expensive cost was the major reason for not visiting the Korean Medical Clinic for common cold treatment. 4. The ratio of subjects who were willing to visit the Korean Medical Clinic for common cold treatment was 70%. 5. The expansion of health insurance coverage (67.7%), the activation of public relations (54.7%), and the development of a new herb medicine preparation that was easy to take (43.3%) were found to be necessary for improving the Korean medical service for common cold treatment. Conclusion: In spite of high recognition and positive perception, actual utilization of common cold treatment at the Korean Medical Clinic was relatively low. Multifaceted efforts are necessary to enhance the competitiveness of Korean medical service for treatment of the common cold.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.449-465
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• 1994

The two common numerical methods to approximate the solution of partial differential equations are the finite element method and the finite difference method. They both lead to solving large sparse linear systems. For many applications, it is not unusal that the order of matrix is greater than 10, 000. For this kind of problem, a direct method such as Gaussian elimination can not be used because of the prohibitive cost. To this end, many iterative methods with modest cost have been studied and proposed by numerical analysts.(omitted)

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2012

In DSSC, fundamental process conditions of upper electrode were established and low cost-oriented method for TCO layer was proposed. Especially, prominent properties, that is, open-circuit voltage of 500mV or more and short-circuit current of $25mA/cm^2$ were yielded by 2-step sintering of semiconductive powder layer. High efficiency-DSSC was able to fabricate without high cost-semiconductor apparatus in common laboratory conditions.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2016

Purpose - If control-ownership disparity is large, managers will not actively reduce costs; rather, they will maintain unutilized resources or possess surplus resources even when sales decrease with the purpose of increasing personal utility from status, power, compensation, and prestige. These managers' utility maximizing tendencies cause cost stickiness. We examine whether asymmetric behavior related to costs becomes stronger when there is a large disparity between ownership and control rights. Research design, data, and methodology - We construct a regression model to examine the relationship between control-ownership disparity and cost stickiness. STICKY, a dependent variable representing cost stickiness is a value found using the method of Weiss (2010), and Disparity is an interest variable that shows control-ownership disparity. Results - This study is based from the unique situations in Korea, in which high control-ownership disparity is common in firms. Large control-ownership disparity was found to increase cost stickiness of corporations. Conclusions - The results of this study imply that controlling shareholders may be regarded as a threat to the interests of minority shareholders and corporate values especially when controlling shareholders have significant influence over managers or the power to make managerial decisions as owners of a corporation.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.40-47
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• 2003

A low-cost current-sensing scheme for the motor drives with MOSFET is described. Many motor drives usually employ the common current sensors to measure current for the purpose of control or protection. These current sensors, however, significantly burden the power circuit with the size and cost. The proposed current-sensing scheme utilizes information concerning MOSFET's On-voltage and On-resistance. An analogue circuit detecting On-voltage can overcome the above disadvantages because the circuit is small and is made at a low cost, and the fuzzy inference for On-resistance is also simply designed based on MOSFET's characteristics. The validity of this scheme will be experimentally verified by adopting the current control of a battery car.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.40-58
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• 1994

Some systems such as early warning system should be inspected occasionally in order to detect failures. If the system is inspected too frequently, inspection cost increases. On the other hand, if the number of inspections is reduced too much, the undetected system downtime cost increases. Thus, it is of interest to find effective inspection schedule, which minimizes the sum of inspection and downtime costs. When the system has increasing failure rate, inspection intervals get shorter as time goes on. But a common practice is to inspect the system at predetermined periodic intervals. In this paper, periodic inspection policy and a modified periodic inspection policy are considered. The modified policy is easily applicable and cost-effective. Some numerical examples are included in order to explain the modified inspection ploicy and its cost performance.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.375-377
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• 2002

In many parts of the world. the electricity industry is undergoing unprecedented changes. Hence, in order to reform the electricity industry readily and efficiently and minimize the confusion by these restructuring, it is required the systematic studies related to transmission pricing and transmission cost allocation issues. However, even now the basis of transmission cost allocation rate is not equipped so that the regulation body has determined the allocating rate under the common practice. In this paper it is demonstrated that the decision of transmission cost allocation rate is the regulation body's own right. For the analysis, game theory is applied to the procedure determining this rate and the competition to determine this rate between generators and distributors is modeled as the arbitration game.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.61-82
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• 2006

In order to cope with improvement of labor cost and cargo volume, Korean ports, especially Busan port, are in need of many new facilities. Of course, current facilities should be fully used, and at the same time it needs to make every effort to maximize its productivity as well as cost saving. To this end, this study has decided to focus on automatic yard operation suitable to the domestic container terminal environments, making a survey of many advanced container terminals, trying to find out their common factors, and finally suggesting several alternatives based on the combination of these factors. Also, this study has suggested the present value of initial investment and operating cost by alternative, and at the same time presented the relationship between cargo handling volume and cost/revenue of the optimal alternative, so that it may be of help in decision making.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.636-642
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• 2009

The application of LCC-techniques is being introduced at the on-going procurement programs of various techniques. LCC-techniques have the common characteristic that all are designed to motivate contractors to design, manufacture and deliver equipment with lower life cycle costs. You may believe that savings may be in the acquisition cost component of life cycle costs. However, primary emphasis is generally on reducing and controlling operating and support costs by transferring more responsibility to the contractor for equipment operating and support cost performance. It has been found that life cycle cost procurement provisions must be individually tailored to each program. In this study, the currently identified LCC procurement techniques including a variety of LCC incentive provisions are introduced. Moreover, verification method, a procedural issue and incentive to application of LCC-techniques are examined.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
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• 제2권6호
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• pp.43-47
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• 1997

A procedure presented in this paper generates test sequences to check the conformity of an implementation with a protocol specification, which is modeled as a deterministic finite state machine (FSM). Given a FSM, a common procedure of test sequence generation, first, constructs a directed graph which edges include the state check after each transition, and produces a symmetric graph G* from and, finally, finds a Euler tour of G*. We propose a technique to determine a minimum-cost tour of the transition graph of the FSM. The proposed technique using Multiple Unique State Signature (MUSS) solves an open issue that one MUIO sequence assignment may lead to two more edges of unit cost being replicated to from G* while an optimal assignment may lead to the replication of a single edge of high cost. In this paper, randomly generated FSMs have been studied as test cases. The result shows that the proposed technique saves the cost 4∼28% and 2∼21% over the previous approach using MUIO and MUSP, respectively.