• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.56-76
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to clarify the global commodity chains of the grafted cactus of Umseong region. The major findings of this study are as follows. Buying materials for cultivating the grafted cactus is based on the intra-Umseong local network. In addition, exporting grafted cactus using cheaper labor force means spatial division of labor from semi-periphery region to core region in terms of Wallerstein's world system theory. It is thought that buyer-driven commodity chains of farm products profit by division of labor caused by a sales network of the grafted cactus. And such situation means that high quality of the grafted cactus in Umseong maintains the spatial continuity by commodity chains.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2000

The practicality of utilizing ventilation pipe to enhance soybean sprout productivity by lowering commodity temperature and resultant sprout rot was tested. The ventilation pipes with holes for aeration were vertically installed inside of a sprout cultivation container prior to adding soaked soybean seeds. The time-series changes in sprout commodity temperature and resultant growth, yield, marketable sprout percentage, and rot of soybean sprouts were measured. The ventilation pipes effectively decreased sprout commodity decreased sprout commodity temperature by 4.7$^{\circ}C$. Ventilation pipes also enhanced sprout yield and marketable sprout percentage by 3.9% and 4.0%, respectively, while reducing sprout rot by 4.1%. In conclusion, ventilation pipe seems a practical and effective non-chemical method to enhance the productivity of soybean sprouts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.7
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• pp.53-69
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• 2007

Advertisements create the illusion about the ideal body utilizing body beauty as well as come to influence in formation of the social beauty standard. Commodity advertisements using the body have been considered as the most effective advertisement method because of the fluidity and the dynamic, which are understood as organic body's characteristics. Especially, advertisement strategies utilizing body painting draw customer's attention because of the properties liberally performed on the living body. This thesis attends to study on the J. Deleuze's 'becoming' Phenomenon expressed in body painting, and to analyze about the body becomes fashion and commodity and is positively utilized as effective advertisement tools. J. Deleuze's 'becoming' Phenomenon expressed in advertisement utilized body which painting is classified as follows as; becoming fashion of the body, becoming commodity of the body, becoming advertisement sign board of the body, becoming animals and plants of the body, and becoming image of the body. The result of this study on the J. Deleuze's 'becoming' Phenomenon expressed in advertisements utilizing body painting shows multiple commodity's characteristics in order to satisfy with customer's various anxieties being changed continuously, and represents the characteristics of 21C advertisements utilizing the body being changed any other thing. Consequently, this thesis is aimed at new consideration about the body beauty, which has been extended to other sphere.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.531-539
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present the commodity classification method of domestic rack-type warehouse for sprinkler system design. Method: On-site surveys and classification criteria of the NFPA, FMDS, EN and Japan were analysed and ISO 12949 test were carried out with proposed each classification commodity. Result: Based on a heat of combustion, a classification method for extra high, high, medium and low are proposed. Conclusion: Sprinkler design criteria to secure the maximum extinguishing strength for each class of commodity need to be applied.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.167-175
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• 2002

The objective of this study is to reveal a shipper's preference for road freight transport according to commodity classification code. The shipper's preference in freight transport can be obtained by using value of travel-time savings. The characteristics of freight are so various that the shipper's preference also appear widely different. In these days, there were few attempts to estimate value of freight travel-time savings in Korea. but most of them included only rail or marine freight transport so it couldn't obtain unique travel-time savings for road freight transport. In this study the value of travel-time savings of road freight transport was estimated according to commodity classification code. Revealed preference method and associated binominal logit models were applied to estimate the value of travel-time savings in transit from a Seoul metropolitan commodity flow survey data in 1998. Data sets were segmented by commodity classification code and nineteen binominal legit models were estimated according to segmented groups. The results of this study showed that the value of freight travel-time savings varied wide ranges from 16,441 won to 66,769 won per hour a vehicle along with commodity classification code.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.187-198
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• 2022

This study attempted to examine whether the spread of infectious diseases and quarantine measures such as border blockade and restrictions on movement due to the global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic is the cause of a decrease in product trade. To this end, a gravity model analysis was conducted using commodity trade statistics from Korea and major trading partners. As a result of the analysis, it was empirically confirmed that in 2020, the time of the spread of COVID-19, the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic was an obstacle to reducing Korea's trade. However, in the case of 2021, it was not possible to confirm whether the impact of the pandemic had a significant effect on commodity trade. As the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 is different, the commodity trade situation in 2022 when the COVID-19 epidemic is stably managed is also likely to change. Since factors such as response to COVID-19 and the spread of vaccines vary from country to country, it is thought that such various factors should be fully considered in the process of establishing policies to end the COVID-19 era

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.223-242
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• 2023

This study analyzes the spillover effects of returns and volatility between the commodity market and the maritime freight market across various frequency domains (short-term, medium-term, long-term). The key findings of the study can be summarized as follows. First, from the perspective of returns, a high linkage is observed in the short-term between the commodity and maritime freight markets, with the metal commodities market playing a particularly significant role in information transmission effect of return series. Second, in terms of volatility, the total connectedness increases from the short- to the long-term, with substantial long-term risk transmission effects observed especially in the BDI, BDTI, agricultural, and energy commodity markets. Notably, during major global events such as the U.S.-China trade war, COVID-19, and the Russia-Ukraine conflicts, a marked increase in the risk transmission effect in the energy commodities market was identified.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.5 no.1 s.9
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• pp.20-25
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• 1999

Our interest in this paper is in the efficient computation of a good low bound for the traveling salesman problem and is in the application of a network problem in agriculture. We base our approach on a relatively new formulation of the TSP as a two-commodity network flow problem. By assigning Lagrangian multipliers to certain constraints and relaxing them, the problem separates into two single-commodity network flow problems and an assignment problem, for which efficient algorithms are available.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.119-138
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• 1989

This study attempts to apply its result to decision whether housewives are in the labor market or not by investigating the level of reservation wage of them and the influencing factors on it. The purpose of this study is to analyse the effects by identifying , on the basis of theoretical models, the factors that influence reservation wage, and to predict future state of female employment. 1) The level of reservation wage of housewives showed significant differences by husband's income, household asset, housewife's education level, housewife's age, number of children division of husband in household labor, and by three marketization of housework. 2) The variables which affected reservation wage of housewife independently had influence on it in the following order: Husband's income, education level, age affect positively reservation wage of housewife, and a negative relation has been found between division of husband, level of commodity substitution and reservation wage of housewife. 3) Husband's income, housewife's education level, housewife's age, division of husband in household labor, level of commodity substitution give direct effects on reservation wage of housewife. Education level, age, number of children and family type influenced reservation wage of housewife through level of commodity substitution indirectly.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.20 no.43
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• pp.25-36
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• 1997

The purpose of this paper is to structure a new integrated model that can minimize the total cost for the transportation and inventory systems between m origin points, where origin i has a supply of a commodity, such as distribution centers or warehouses, and n destination points, where destination j requires the commodity. In this case, demands of the destination points are assumed random variables which have a known probability distribution. We will find optimal distribution centers which transport the commodity to the destination points and suggest optimal inventory policy to the selected distribution center which find the optimal pair $$ and safety stock level that minimize total cost with back-ordered case. This new model is formulated as a 0-1 nonlinear integer programming problem. To solve the problem, this paper proposes heuristic computational procedures and program and provides numerical examples.