• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.211-219
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• 2014

The internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes, which are the extension of urban streets, are being changed from a mediating space aiming at movement to a staying-type space according to the change of mixed-use commercial complexes. And they function as a resting place of user with court and plaza, and act as an urban public space, and accommodate an activity arising from the gathering of many people. As a result, a role of new relaxation and community space is played in the center of the city. And the aspect of publicness is brought into relief. Hence, this study is intended to examine the characteristics that the internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes have, and furthermore, it is intended to show the planning characteristics in the contemporary mixed-use commercial complexes. With regard to the method of research, first, space configuration and role of internal streets was examined according to the change of mixed-use commercial complexes on the basic of precedent research and literature review. And the internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes were classified into doorway part, traffic line, and open space. And the characteristics of internal streets in the mixed-use commercial complexes through the concept of architectural 'publicness' were derived as accessibility, amenity, perceptibility, openness, connectivity and symbolism. The internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes should be changed by the space planning to secure continuity with the city on the basis of accessibility and connectivity and to reinforce visual openness in the internal streets in order to improve amenity and perceptibility, accordingly the mixed-use commercial complexes will be also born again as symbolic public space in the city. Variously changing elements to improve publicness very importantly act on the planning of internal streets in the mixed-use commercial complexes, and therefore researches should be continuously carried out.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.31-38
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• 2007

Streetscape plays on important role in urban cities. Characteristics of streets is basically defined by the building facade, signs, plants and paving during the daytime. However at night, street receives a new appearance due to the shop light from the buildings, exterior lightings, signboards and street light, and it creates most of the image of the streets. This study aims to analyze the luminous environment and its subjective image of two different pedestrian's commercial streets. Insa-dong street and Myungdong street were chosen for the study. Horizontal illuminance and luminance on building surface, advertisement billboards and pedestrian road were measured. Thirty students were asked to rate the five scaled questionnaire on their subjective images of the streets. Statistical analysis including profile, correlation and T-test are conducted and some findings are discussed

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.334-346
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• 2019

This study aims to investigate the appearance of Gyeongridangil and its related commercial streets, which seemingly serve as a place brand. Internet trend data, locational conditions, and commercial compositions were analyzed to determine the characteristics of their formation. Result showed that, as the commercial streets developed because of social network services, the street names tended to be considered as place images. In terms of locational conditions, they chose rather remote places, risking the disadvantages for their own spatial style. Interpreted within the framework of place branding, these streets seemed to identify themselves with a unique streetscape using spatial restraints as an advantage. They positioned in a niche area to avoid conflict with other commercial types and attract consumers with the image of "suppliers of trendy lifestyle", thus successfully becoming a place brand.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.271-278
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• 2005

This study analyzes the recognition of commercial business men and employers who operate the commercial zone along the streets in the downtown area on the planting for the roadside green space forming the important frame of greening in the downtown among the open spaces. Through the analysis, this study attempts to get the basic data to suggest the recommendable directions in planting and managing the street trees in the downtown. The results of this study are summarized as described below. The street green spaces are very important in improving the environment of the downtown and their necessities are also very critical. It was found that the street trees were recognized as the critical factor to enhance the aesthetical values of the city, provide the green shades and purify the air. This study also identified that the street trees have the positive impacts on the business environment rather than negative impacts. In maintaining the street green spaces, the most necessity is the service facility such as resting areas, toilets and garbage bins with the street trees. The commercial business men and employers who operate the businesses along the streets preferred the double layer type that the tall trees and green walls are planted together along the streets for the street planting. For securing the green shades in the city, the planting of linear green spaces such as streets and waterways is critical. Moreover, the street trees accounts for the important position in the urban open spaces. The majority of commercial business men and employers consider the participation of citizens for greening as the very essential factor.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.76-77
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• 2005

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.61-72
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine and investigate the characteristics of locational facilities and the purchase and leisure patters of residents with its focus on downtown streets of Yeongam-eup which is a eup-level small town. In the subject downtown streets, commercial and residential functions coexisted. While most locational facilities were small-scale sale(buy), food(eat), and employment(public institutions) facilities which were needed for neighborhood life and supporting daily life, the lack of facilities which supported leisure life(enjoy) and represented small town identity was found. The most common frequency of using downtown streets by residents was 'almost everyday'; the most common intention to use was 'to purchase daily things'; and the most common purchase good was 'groceries', followed by farming machines, books, and stationery. It suggested that the use of downtown streets was characterized by daily neighborhood life. In particular, it was found that expensive goods(more than 500,000 won) were commonly purchased in neighboring middle or large cities. Thus, it is necessary to consider the option and professionality of goods. Finally, it is necessary to consider residents' accessibility through reorganizing a street form from car-focused to pedestrian-focused.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.7 no.4 s.17
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• pp.9-27
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• 1998

The urban form of Korean cities significantly changed in the late Chosun dynasty. The influence of commercial development was the main cause of these changes. Commerce became a important function of existing cities, and the new type of commercial towns emerged at the important spots of traffic routes. In both cases streets became dominant element of urban form. Mainly commercial buildings aggregated along the streets, and to obtain higher land use intensity shape of lots became narrow and deep. Koyang(高陽) shows the most significant example of this new type of lot and lot pattern. Approximately 30 narrow and deep type of lots lined on each side of street forming about 390 meters long linear commercial town. Similar examples were found at the outside of south gate of Suwon(水原), Nuwon(樓院), and Pangyo(板橋).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.237-247
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• 2009

This study seizes the commercial environment on a few impact by the physical planning of the object of Gwangju Metropolitan City's Choong-jang ro specialized streets preparation. Nameley, for seizes the impact of commercial activity by the walking environment improvement proposition, analysis the avenue's physical variation after the walking environment improvement proposition and seizes the sales figure, visitors' variation and the psychological effects through the shopping store's hosts's and shopping store's visitors's survey of the business conducted areas. Through this situation, the purpose of the this study is proposing the political suggestions that elicit the alternative of making the commercial environment fitted the avenue's attributes through the walking environment improvement proposition.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.221-228
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• 1992

In order to evaluate the degree of air pollution, soils from 125 and 60points of main streets of Seoul and Daejeon, respectively, were sampled and analyzed for the contents of lead, copper, iron and zinc by nitric acid($HNO_3$) extraction followed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry during June and September, 1990. The Pb contents of Seoul and Daejeon were 350.2$\mu$g/g and 175.9$\mu$g/g, respectively, which were 14.5times and 7.3times respectively higher than the control(24.0). In Seoul, the commercial area gave the highest value followed by resdential and industrial areas in the decreasing order, while the order in Daejeon was Industrial, commercial and residential areas. The Cu contents in Seoul and Daejeon were very similar(236.6 and 234.6, respectively) each other, and about 11times higher than the control(20.9). The concentration was highest in industrial, followed by commercial and the lowest in residential areas in Seoul, while the order in Daejeon was industrial, residential and commercial areas. The Fe contents were 25716.5 in Seoul and 22838.6 in Daejeon, both being similar to the control value(22537.0). The value was highest in industrial and next in commercial areas and the lowest in residential area both in Seoul and Daejeon. The Zn contents in Seoul and Daejeon were 728.2 and 404.0, respectively, wihch were 6.3 and 3.6times higher than the control(113.3). The value was highest in commercial and next in industrial areas and the lowest in residental area in Seoul, while the order was industrial, residential and commercial areas in Daejeon. The heavy metal content was higher in the soil of main streets than that of minor streets in Seoul. The content of lead in Seoul was higher in the streets of Chongro-ku(525.9) and Chung-ku(684.8), the central area of the city which had a heavy traffic, than those in Nowon-ku(320.3) and Kwanak-ku(312.6) which had relatively less traffic crowd. The similar pattern was observed in the content of zinc; it was higher in Chongro-ku(1305.0) and Chung-ku(1335.4) than in Nowon-ku(489.1) and Kwanak-ku(569.8). In Daejeon, the contents of lead and zinc were decreasing as the distance from Daejeon Railroad Station increased : they were respectively 157.8 and 447.7 within 2km from the station, 157.6 and 235.7 with in 2-4km, and 63.5 and 156.2 within 4-6km and 58.7 and 142.2 within 6-8km. In summary, the contents of lead, copper and zinc were generally higher in the central area of the city, areas of heavy traffic and areas of industry and commerce.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.535-543
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• 2019

This study examined the empirical meaning of skylight in underground space, and for this purpose, 29 questions were drawn, consisting of technical performance, functional performance, and behavioral performance. In addition, under the assumption that the meaning of the skylight will be clearly revealed through the comparison between the underground streets with and without the skylight, three underground streets with the skylight and three underground streets without the skylight of Japan were selected as the subjects of the study. Based on the results of the survey, descriptive statistical analysis and frequency analysis were conducted, and an independent sample T-test was conducted for each analysis, and correlation analysis was conducted to derive improvement priority. As a result of the analysis, it was found that skylight had a certain effect on the sense of time and imageability inside the underground commercial space. In addition, it was analyzed that skylight exerted important function in the qualitative aspect of underground commercial space. Lastly, the improvement rankings for three underground streets without skylight were derived in the order of sign/guide map, space diversity, maintenance, rest space, and floor design.The improvement rankings for three underground streets with skylight were drawn in order of resting space, diversity of space, temperature and humidity, air, and maintenance.