• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.247-256
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• 2021

The recombinant lysozyme-HJL34 proteins were expressed and purified using commercial Escherichia (E.) coli expression system. Stx2e⁺ F18⁺ E. coli, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), Streptococcus (S.) suis, and Clostridium (C.) perfringens strains were isolated from pigs. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the recombinant lysozyme-HJP34 proteins were examined by means of the microtiter plate method, according to the NCCLS recommendations. The possibility of its as the alternatives to antibiotics was tested in piglets. The MICs were determined as 75 ㎍/mL, 300 ㎍/mL, 75 ㎍/mL, 35.5 ㎍/m against Stx2e⁺ F18⁺ E. coli, APP, S. suis, C. perfringens, respectively. A total of 25 piglets were divied 5 groups. The piglets in group A~C were fed with commercial feed and those in groups D, E were fed with commercial feedstuff. All piglets in groups B~E were challenged with virulent Stx2e⁺ F18⁺ E. coli, APP, S. suis strains. Groups C and D were treated with antimicrobial from 24 h after challenge. All piglets in group B died within 3 days after challenge. Among 5 piglets in groups C and D piglets, 80% survived after challenge. Among group E piglets, 60% were alive until the end of this study. Therefore, this study indicates that recombinant lysozyme-HJP34 proteins is a suitable possibility as a feed additive for reduction of diseases by bacterial pathogens in piglet feed.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1996.10b
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• pp.840-843
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• 1996

This paper presents an adaptive cutting force controller for milling process, which can be attached to most commercial CNC machining centers in a practical way. The cutting forces of X,Y and Z axes measured indirectly from the use of currents drawn by AC feed-drive servo motors. A typical model for the feed-drive control system of a horizontal machining center is developed to analyze cutting force measurement from the drive motor. The pulsating milling forces can be measured indirectly within the bandwidth of the current feedback control loop of the feed-drive system. It is shown that indirectly measured cutting force signals can be used in the adaptive controller for cutting force regulation. The robust controller structure is adopted in the whole adaptive control scheme. The conditions under which the whole scheme is globally convergent and stable are presented. The suggested control scheme has been implemented into a commercial machining center, and a series of cutting experiments on end milling and face milling processes are performed. The adaptive controller reveals reliable cutting force regulating capability under various cutting conditions.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.233-242
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• 2005

Effects of supplemental charcoal powder and vitamin A on growth performance, serum profile and carcass characteristics with 24 Hanwoo steers were inves$\ell$ated. The Hanwoo steers were randomly assigned to one of the three dietary treatments: 1) Control(commercial feed), 2) Tl(commercial feed supplemented with 2% charcoal powder and 0.2 % vitamin A), 3) T2(commercial feed with 2 % charcoal powder). In the age 26 month, body weight of control Tl and T2 were 633.8 kg, 621.0 kg, 619.4 kg, respectively, with not significantly different(P> 0.05). The daily weight gain of control was the highest followed by Tl and T2. The contents of vitamin A(retinol) and total cholesterol in the blood of Tl was higher Tl(56.32 $\ell$ / dt, 163.83 mg/ dz) than the other treatment groups(P < 0.05). The average of WBC value in the blood was 6.86-" 9.83 k / ${\mu}\ell$, RBC value was 7.98 - 11.26 k / ${\mu}\ell$ and blood platelet was 236.7 - 287.0 k / ${\mu}\ell$. But The serum profile in blood was not significantly different between control and treatment groups. The carcass grade and characteristics of all treatments in Hanwoo steers were not significantly different except the texture.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.208-214
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary oriental medicine refuse(OMR) and mugwort powder on physico-chemical characteristics of Korean Native Pork(KNP). KNP were randomly assigned to one of the three dietary treatments : 1) control (commercial feed) 2) T1 (commercial fed supplemented with 10% OMR powder) 3) T2 (commercial feed with 10% mugwort powder). 15 heads(♂) were feed one of the experimental diets for 5 months and slaughtered. In the proximate composition, moisture content showed slightly high in the T1, however, fat content were tended to be high in the control. The heating loss, shear value, WHC (water holding capacity) were not significantly between control and the treatments group. The T1 showed the lowest pH among treatments (P<0.05). In sensory evaluation, juiciness and tenderness of T1 and T2 were higher compared with that of control. Hunter a* did not show any difference among the treatments group. But Hunter L*, b* in treatment group(T1, T2) were higher than that of the control. Oleic acid, linoleic acid and unsaturated fatty acid contents of T1 and T2 were higher than the control. The total amino acid of the control, T1 and T2 were 18.290, 18.177 and 18.942mg%, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.387-392
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• 1995

Though a variety of non-conventional feedstuffs have been successfully evaluated in research stations in Asian countries, there had been little adoption of these technologies at the small farm level. The methodology and results of three separate on-farm trials evaluation the possible use of some non-conventional feedstuffs in broiler diets under small farm conditions in Sri Lanka are reported in this paper. In all trials, the commercial mash, that in normally used in the farms, served as the control. In trials 1 and 2, 5 and 10% cassava leaf meal, respectively, was substituted (w/w) for the commercial mash and fed to broilers for six weeks. In trial 3, several non-conventional feedstuffs (cassava leaf meal, rubber seed meal, ipil ipil leaf meal and died poultry manure) were substituted (w/w) for the commercial mash at levels of 15-20%. The results demonstrated that these non-conventional feed resources can be used in broiler diets under small farm conditions, with no adverse effects on performance. The salient features of on-farm animal research are highlighted.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.387-392
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• 2001

Kobe Steel, LTD. and Midrex Technologies Inc. jointly developed the FASTMET$\circledR$ process as a steel mill waste recycle technology in which the DRI product meets BF feed material or BOF/EAF feed material requirements. FASTMET(R) process turns value-less wastes into valuable DRI and sellable zinc oxide, and gives the solution for the steel mill wastes recycling from both economical and environmental viewpoints. During the development of the process, Laboratory, Pilot Plant and Demonstration Plant tests were carried out from 1990 to 1998. The first FASTMET(R) commercial plant began operation in April, 2000 and the second commercial plant started in April, 2001 Both commercial plants have proceeded successfully preying that FASTMET$\circledR$ is a suitable process for recycling steel mill waste and for producing DRI as an iron source.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary activated carbon(0.9%) and sardine oil (0, 1, 2, 4%) on volatile basic nitrogen(VBN), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS), and fatty acid in meat sample of chicken. Broilers were randomly assigned to one of the file dietary treatments: 1) Control(commercial feed) 2) T1(commercial feed supplemented with 0.9% activated carbon) 3) T2(commercial feed with 0.9% activated carbon and 1% sardine oil) 4) T3(commercial feed with 0.9% activated carbon and 2% sardine oil) 4) T4(commercial feed with 0.9% activated carbon and 4% sardine oil). They were fed one of the experimental diets for five weeks and slaughtered. After that, the meat samples were stored over a period of 0, 1, 3, 7 and 10 days at 4${\pm}$1$^{\circ}C$. The VBN of all treatments significantly increased during the storage periods(p<0.05). Also, the VBN was not significantly between control and treatment group. In VBN of breast was higher compared with that of thigh. The TBARS of all treatments were significantly increased as storage period extended (p<0.05). The TBARS of control and thigh tended to be higher than that of treatments and breast. Oleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid were major fatty acid in chicken meat. Saturated fatty acid decreased and unsaturated fatty acid increased of all treatments during storage. Oleic acid, EPA, DHA contents was higher in treatment group than the control.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.200-208
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of dietary germanium supplementation on the meat quality of duck. Ducks raised for 42 days were slaughtered and the ground meats were stored at 3$^{\circ}C$ for 12 days under 1200 lux. Experimental treatments were divided into 3 kinds of meat from ducks fed germanium as follows; 1) Control(natural water + commercial feed), 2) T1(1～10 days: natural water + commercial feed, 11-42 days: natural water + commercial feed supplemented with 1 % germanium), 3) T2(1～10 days: germanium submersion water + commercial feed, 11～42 days: natural water + commercial feed supplemented with 1 % germanium). The pH of duck meat was not different among the treatments(p>0.05). The germanium treatments exhibited significantly higher crude fat content in both breast and thigh meat(p<0.05). In the fatty acid composition, T2 contained more unsaturated fatty acid than control or Tl. TPA(textural profile analysis) value such as hardness, gumminess, chewiness and adhesiveness decreased in meat from duck fed supplemental germanium. Cholesterol contents of duck meat decreased in dietary supplemental germanium treatment compared to control, but were not significantly different among them(p>0.05). Dietary germanium supplementation affected on lipid oxidation of meat during storage. TBARS of meat from duck fed germanium was lower than that of control(po.05). The CIE L*, b* and h$\^$0/ values of germanium treatments were significantly(p.o5) higher than those of control. Also a* value showed more stable in germanium diet treatment during storage. Therefore, dietary supplemental germanium to duck resulted in light brownish color formation, improvement tenderness and retardation of lipid oxidation of meat during refrigerated storage.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to compare the influences of dietary sea urchin shell powder (SUSP) supplemented to broiler diets on performance, mineral contents and blood cholesterol for 5 weeks. The experimental diets contained 21.5 and $19\%$ CP for the starting and finishing period, respectively The ME was 3,100 kcal/kg of feed in both starter and finisher diets. One hundred sixty chicks were assigned to 4 treatments with 4 replicates and fed one of 4 experimental diets containing different levels of SUSP: 1) Control (commercial feed) 2) T1 (commercial feed with $1\%$ SUSP) 3) T2(commercial feed with $3\%$ SUSP) 4) T3(commercial feed with $5\%$ SUSP). Body weight gain was higher in the T1 group when fed the starter diet (P<0.05), but was the lowest in T1 group for finishing period. Feed efficiency was not significantly different between the control and treatment groups (P>0.05). The total cholesterol of the control was higher than the treatment groups and the HDL-cholesterol were higher in T2 and T3. However, effects of diets containing graded levels of SUSP on LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride contents were not found (P>0.05). The SUSP diets were increased significantly the Fe, Zn and Ca contents of chicken meat, and tended to increase total mineral contents. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of SUSP to broiler diets could be applied to the enhancement of Ca, Fe and total mineral contents levels in chicken meat.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.691-696
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of five commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (A, B, C, D, and E) from different suppliers for detecting aflatoxin $B_1$ ($AFB_1$). $AFB_1$-free corn samples supplemented with different levels of $AFB_1$ (5, 10, and $20{\mu}g/kg$) were used as positive controls and 6 replicates of each control sample were tested to evaluate the accuracy and precision of these kits. In addition, we also evaluated the performance of these ELISA kits for $AFB_1$ in 30 feed samples, including corn, distillers dried grains with soluble, wheat samples, soybean meal, and poultry feed, which were verified by high performance liquid chromatography. Results showed that the coefficients of variation ranged from 1.18% to 16.22% in intra-plate and 2.85% to 18.04% in inter-plate for the determination of $AFB_1$. The half maximal inhibitory concentration for five kits ranged from 3.72 to $7.22{\mu}g/kg$. The quantitation limits of $AFB_1$ were all under the legal limit in China but somewhat inconsistent with kit instructions. Although the recovery rate of four of the five kits were either less than 90% or more than 110%, all these values were acceptable in practice. Two kits had high false positive rates (C and E). In conclusion, our results revealed that the qualities of five tested ELISA kits were significantly different.