• 대한수의학회지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2016

The Ecklonia cava Kjellman by-product (ECBP) as a feed additive was evaluated in improvement of productivity and immune enhancement against Salmonella Gallinarum (SG). Lohmann Brown chickens proved SG-free were randomly divided into 3 groups of 8 chickens each. Chickens were fed with the experimental diet treatment: T0, Non treatment-commercial feed; T1, commercial feed with 0.5% ECBP; T2, commercial feed with 0.1% Lactobacillus plantarum. In this study, we evaluated the effect of T1 and T2 groups on the body weight and protective efficacy against SG in chickens. The results demonstrated that treatment of T1 group as a feed additive affected significantly body weight gaining in chickens. In addition, T1 group showed a significant different colonization of SG when compared to T2 and T0 groups. We also studied that serum IgG and $interferon-{\gamma}$ levels were significantly different compared with other treatment groups. Therefore, we suggest that ECBP can be used as a good candidate of feed additives in chicken industry.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2021

A comparative study was conducted to examine the effects of mixed and separate gender feeding on growth performance of Korean native chickens (KNC) against a white semi-broiler (WSB) and a commercial broiler (CB) over five weeks. 576 chicks were used with eight birds per cage in a randomized complete block design with 18 replicates per breed. For the KNC lines, three groups of male (M), female (F) and mixed-gender (FM) were used. Fresh water and feed were supplied on an ad-libitum basis. Birds were fed a standard starter (d 1 - 22) and grower diet (d 23 - 35). Body weight (BW), feed intake, and shank length (SL) were measured weekly. From the BW and feed consumed data, the average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. The commercial broiler showed higher performance (p < 0.05) for all the indices measured for the entire period. The CB group consumed more feed and were more feed-efficient thus grew faster. This group was followed by the white semi-broiler and the KNC, in order. An intra-breed comparison for KNCs revealed that the males showed better growth performance with longer SL (p < 0.05) compared to the female and mixed-gender groups. The results showed that other than the breed type, mixed and separate gender feeding impacted on the growth performance of the two lines of Korean native chickens. Males for both lines of KNC generally performed better for the parameters measured, as determined by a greater BW and reduced FCR.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2000

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding fermented food waste on the egg production and egg qualities in laying hens. A lot of 30 commercial layer(ISA Brown) at the age 58 weeks were placed in individual of 80% commercial feed and 20% fermented food waste(C80%+F20%), a mixture of 50% commercial feed and 50% fermented food waste (C50%+F50%), and a mixture of 20% commercial feed and 80% fermented food waste (C20%+F80%). Daily measurements were made on feed intake, egg production rate, egg weight, yolk color, Haugh unit, shell color during the experimental period. At the end of the experiment, body weight change and egg cholesterol contents were determined. The results indicate that up to 50% of basal diet could be supplied by fermented food waste with little depression in feed intake and efficiency in egg production (p＜0.01). Egg weight, egg shell thickness and Haugh units were not significant different between the treatments and the control. Egg color quality improved with increasing the proportion of the fermented food waste in the diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.825-833
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• 2011

Forty-five Hisex commercial layers and forty-five local Saudi breed layers were used to determine the acceptable limit of short-term water restriction in the late phase of production, when the problem of high feed and water consumption is expected. The experiment was performed under hot and arid environmental conditions when the layers were at fifty weeks of age. Layers from each breed were randomly assigned in groups of five into nine floor pens. The average environmental temperature was 37.2-$38.6^{\circ}C$, and the relative humidity was between 20 to 37%. The trial was divided into 3 periods; control (1 week), water restriction (2 weeks) and rehydration (1 week). During the restriction period, layers from each breed were divided into three groups that received 20, 40, and 0% restriction of drinking water relative to their consumed water during the control period. During the study, feed and water consumption, body weight, changes in body weight, egg production, primary antibody response to SRBC, and rectal temperature were evaluated. Water restriction did not result in any clear effect on feed intake in either breed, however, commercial layers tended to consume less feed compared to the local breed. Body weight declined with water restriction during the first week of restriction in the commercial breed regardless of rate of restriction, but it was delayed until the second week in the local breed. Water restriction of 40% decreased egg production in both breeds but with a delay of 1 week in the local breed. Antibody level to SRBC was not affected by water restriction in the commercial line while it was highly affected in the local breed. A water restriction of 20% is considered to be an acceptable limit under the current experimental conditions without a negative effect on egg production in both breeds and considering the immune status of the local breed. Whereas, 40% restriction had a negative effect on egg production, and varied effects in the other traits in both breeds.

• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국양식학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 논문요약집
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• pp.17-18
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• 2003

Although flounder is one of the most important marine fish for aquaculture in Korea, feeding the flounder in commercial farms depends mainly on moist pellet in which over 70% frozen fishes (e.g. frozen horse mackerel) are incorporated in its formulation. Therefore, for further expansion of flounder farming, it is essential to employ practical formulated feeds that can support reasonable growth. Development of nutritionally balanced and cost-effective feeds is dependant on the information about nutritional requirement and feed utilization of the species. Nutrient and energy source in feed are needed for the growth and maintenance of fish. Protein is probably the most important nutrient affecting fish growth and feed cost. Therefore, it is essential to determine the optimum dietary protein level for the growth of fish, both its high proportion in the feed and because it is the main factor in determining feed cost. Dietary energy level is also critical because protein source in the feed is utilized as an energy source when the feed deficient in energy is fed to fish, whereas when the feed excess in energy is fed to fish, feed consumption decreased and resulted in growth reduction due to lack of other necessary nutrients for normal growth. Improper dietary protein, energy levels and/or their ratio will lead to an increase of fish production cost and deterioration of water quality resulting from wasted feed; thus, they are important in formulating commercial feed. Dietary lipids play important roles in providing energy and essential fatty acid for normal growth and survival of fish. Although carbohydrates are not essential nutrients for carnivorous fish, these compounds play important roles as a low-cost energy source for protein sparing and also as a feed binder. Nutrition researches for flounder have identified its requirements of protein, lipid and essential fatty acid, vitamin, and minerals for normal growth. Other studies have also been carried out to investigate the utilization of the protein, lipid and carbohydrate sources. Based on these nutritional information obtained, practical feed formulations have been studied for improve aquaculture production of flounder. The results of the researches on utilization of dietary protein, lipid and carbohydrate by flounder are discussed in this review.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.377-384
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• 1996

실용적인 사료의 효과를 검토하기 위해 단백질함량이 $41\~45\%$인 4종류의 실험사료를 dry pellet 형태로 제조하였다. 단백질원으로 어분을 $58\%$ 첨가한 사료를 대조구(사료 1)로 하고, 대조구의 어분을 육분, 콘글루텐 밀, 대두박 및 혈분으로 각각 다른 비율로 대체하여 어분 함량을 $40\%$ 전후로 감소시킨 실험사료들(사료 $2\~4$)을 설계하여 시판되고 있는 해산어용 배합사료 A, B, C (단백질 함량 : $51\~53\%$) 및 양어가들이 선호하는 RMP 사료(넙치용 분말사료와 냉동 메가리를 1 : 1의 비율로 혼합한 moist pellet, 단백질 함량 : $58\%$)와 그 효과를 사육 실험을 통해 비교하였다. 평균체중 125 g의 조피볼락을 선별하여 실험사료마다 2반복으로 15주간 사육실험한 결과, 최종 평균체중, 증체율, 사료효율, 일일사료섭취율, 일일단백질섭취율, 단백질효율 및 간 중량지수가 RMP 구를 제외한 실험사료와 상품사료를 급여한 실험구들은 대조구와 통계적인 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). RMP 섭취구의 증체율이 대조구와는 유의한 차이가 없었지만, 실험사료(사료 $2\~4$)와 상품사료(사료 $A\~C$)보다 유의적으로 높은 값을 보였다(P<0.05). 또한, 단백질효율은 RMP 구가 가장 높았고, 상품사료 B가 가장 낮은 값을 보였다. 대조사료에서 1 kg의 어체를 증체시키는데 소요되는 사료비용을 100으로 환산하였을 때, 사료 3 급여구는 92, 사료 4 급여구는 79로 나타나, 대조구보다 $10\~20\%$ 정도의 사료비가 절감되었고, RMP 사료 급여구는 대조구보다 $27\%$의 사료비가 더 소요되는 것으로 나타났다. 실험 종료시 간과 근육의 수분, 단백질, 지질 및 회분 함량은 모든 실험구간에 유의차는 없었다(P>0.05).

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.129-136
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• 1998

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of feeding system on performance in Korean Native Commercial Chicken. A total 864 birds produced from (Cornish ♂ X (Korean Native Chicken ♂ XRhode Island Red♀)♀ ] crossbreeds in National Livestock Research Institute, for 16 weeks. Feeding system of T1 and T$_2$ were same types from hatch to 8 weeks, starter diets(O~4 weeks, mash, ME 3,100kcal, CP 22.94%), grower diets(4~8 weeks, crumble, ME 3,100kcal, CP 19.31%). Nutrient content of finisher diets of T$_1$(pellet, ME 3,200kcal, CP 20.44%) was higher than T$_2$(mash, ME 3,100kcal, CP 14.88%) in order to improve meat quality for 8~16 weeks. Fertility and hatchability of Korean Native Commercial Chicken was 83.9% and 69.7%, respectively. Viabilities of T$_1$ and T$_2$ at 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks were 98.8%, 97.9%, 96.5% and 99.1%, 95. 8%, 92.8%, 90.3%, respectively. The viability of 0 to 8 weeks was not significantly in feed treatments, but 12 and 16 weeks was significantly T$_1$ higher than T$_2$(P<0.05). Body weights of T$_1$and T$_2$ at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks were 551g, 1,379g, 2,441g, 3,056g and 554g, 1,360g, 2,254g, 2,956g, respectively. The body weight of 0 to 8 weeks was not significantly feed treatments but 12 and 16 weeks was significantly T1 higher than T$_2$(P<0.05). Feed conversion of T$_1$ and T$_2$ to 4, 8,12 and 16 weeks were 1.91, 2.28, 3.34, 4.23 and 1.90, 2.28, 3.53, 4.46, respectively. The feed conversion of 0 to 8 weeks was not significantly feed treatments but 12 and 16 weeks was significantly T$_1$ lower than T$_2$(P<0.05). The ME intake 1 bird per 1 day of T$_1$ and T$_2$were 3S9kcal, 357kca1, respectively, not significantly feed treatments but CP intake were 24.8g, 20.3g, respectively. T$_2$ was lower than T$_1$(P$_1$ and T$_2$were 13,426kca1, 13,819Ykcal, respectively, not significantly feed treatments but CP requirement per kg body weight gain were 928g, 763g, respectively, T$_2$ was lower than T$_1$(P<0.05).

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.206-211
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• 2002

활성탄 0.9%와 오메가 3계열을 다량 함유한 어유를 급여 수준(0, 1, 2, 4 %)에 따라 5주간 급여하면서 사료효율을 측정하였으며, 5주째 도계하여 혈액 콜레스테롤, 일반성분, 무기물을 분석하고 pH의 변화는 4$\pm$1'E의 냉장고에 진공포장하여 저장하면서 10일간 조사하였다. 사료효율은 2, 3주는 약간 증가하였으나 4, 5주째는 증가하지 않았고, 혈액콜레스테롤은 어유 첨가구에서 대조구에 비하여 낮아지고 있었다. (p<0.05). 일반성분은 활성탄과 어유 첨가구에서 큰 차이가 없었고(p>0.05), 단백질은 흉심부위가 대퇴부위보다 약간 많았다. p보는 저장기간이 경과하면서 전 처리구에서 유의적으로 높아지고 있었으며(p<0.05), 활성탄과 어유 첨가구에서는 높은 경향이었고, 무기물은 활성탄 첨가구가 대조구보다 많았으며 활성탄과 어유를 함께 급여한 구는 어유 첨가량이 많을수록 무기물 함량은 약간 적었고, 부위별로는 흉심부위가 대퇴부위보다 많았다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.349-353
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• 2009

Two feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the soybean meal as a substitute for the fish meal in diet (experiment I), and experimental practical diet and commercial diet (experiment II) for growth of far eastern catfish. In the experiment I, three replicate groups of juveniles (average weight 7.2 g) were fed one of diets containing 0, 10 and 20% soybean meals for 66 days. Survival and final mean weight were not significantly affected by dietary soybean meal levels. No significant differences were observed in feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio and protein retention of fish fed between 0% (control diet) and 20% soybean meal diets. However, fish fed 10% soybean meal diet showed the lower feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio and protein retention, and higher daily feed intake compared with fish fed control diet and 20% soybean meal diet. The contents of moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash in the whole body were not significantly affected by dietary soybean meal levels. In the experiment II, three replicate groups of juveniles (average weight 7.3 g) were fed either the formulated diet or commercial diet for 66 days. Survival and final mean weight were not significantly different among treatment. Significantly higher feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio and protein retention, and lower daily feed intake were observed in fish fed experimental practical diet compared with fish fed commercial diet (P<0.05). Proximate compositions of the whole body were not significantly affected by diets. The results of these studies suggest that soybean meal can be used as a substitute for fish meal up to 20% in diet, and the dietary formulation used in the experiment II could be applied to the practical feed for far eastern catfish.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2006

버섯(mushroom)의 가축사료화 가능성을 조사하여 친환경농업 소재개발의 기초자료로 활용하고자 시험한 결과, 팽이버섯 탈병배지를 육게사료에 5~10% 첨가시 사료절감 10~20%, 복강지방 감소 25~37% 및 육질개선 효과가 있었다. 또한 팽이버섯 탈병배지를 육계사료에 5~10% 첨가하여 사육한 닭고기는 아미노산 함량이 33~38% 증가하였으나, 20% 이상 첨가시는 오히려 감소하는 경향이었다.