• International Area Studies Review
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.3-27
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• 2009

This paper measures market power in the Mongolian banking sector using bank level panel data for commercial banks over the period of 1999 - 2006. In the literature, studies on banking competition have largely focused on the banking sectors of developed economies. However, banking competition in developing countries such as Mongolia has been largely neglected. This paper is an attempt to fill this gap. We find that both the monopoly hypothesis and the perfect competition hypothesis are rejected and that the Mongolian banking sector is instead characterized by monopolistic competition. We thus find that the Mongolian banking sector is more competitive than market concentration measures may suggest. We infer that the entries of new banks have strengthened market competitiveness.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.1083-1094
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• 2021

This paper explores the effect of IFRS on the financial performance of Iraqi commercial banks. It also investigates the value significance of financial performance statements using the Ohlson model, which has been used for the stock value relevance test in a number of studies. Using a sample of 66 listed banks on the Iraq Stock Exchange over three years of IFRS pre-adoption (2011-2013) and three years of IFRS post-adoption (2016-2018), we find financial performance components EPS and BVS value relevant to the stock returns. The findings also indicate that the implementation of IFRS has a major positive effect on the value relevance of the BVS, while the adoption of IFRS does not have a significant impact on the value relevance of the EPS reported by Iraqi banks. Our results indicate that the market value of the bank rises dramatically with enhanced financial performance reporting. In addition, the implementation of IFRS has a major effect on the financial performance measures and the value relevance of financial reporting in the Iraqi banking sector. This paper adds to previous value relevance literature and IFRS by throwing light on the banking sector in a developing country that has recently moved from applying local accounting standards to IFRS.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between diversification and the performance of commercial banks, while taking into account the ownership status of these banks in Sri Lanka. Two-way relationship between diversification and performance was scrutinised by employing the 2SLS regression technique. The data consists of 17 registered commercial bank in Sri Lanka between 2001-2016. The results show a strong significant bidirectional relationship exists between diversification and bank performance. The performance of Sri Lankan banks has been significantly improved by their diversification attempts. In other words, the banks whose incomes are more diversified from various sources, they are more profitable and successful in long-term. On the other hands, the results also reveal that bank performance positively and significantly affects diversification. This finding suggests that the banks with great profitability are more capable in diversify their operations. Furthermore, private sector banks, both listed and unlisted, are significantly more diversified than their government-owned counterparts, but their performance is not necessarily superior to government-owned banks. This may be the result of the economic environment and the perception of the public, which have allowed the government-owned banks to entertain significant market power over the private sector banks in the country.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2008

Off the 1,572 km long coastline of Namibia lies known as the Benguela upwelling system, a very rich source of marine life supporting traditional and modern forms of fishery. Commercial fishing and fish processing is one of the fastest-growing sectors of the Namibian economy in terms of employment, export earnings, and contribution to GDP. The fishing industry has grown to the extent that it is currently Namibia's second biggest export earner of foreign currency after mining (90% of national output is marketed for export). In 2005, Namibia harvested about 552,164 tonnes of fish. The final value of processed products (export value) that year was around US$ 376.0 million. Besides the marine captured fisheries, Namibia also has a small but vibrant aquaculture sector. Inland captured fisheries exist in the north-east and north-west of Namibia where as commercial freshwater aquaculture of tilapia and catfish is also undertaken. The inland fisheries are mainly subsistence based and typically labour intensive, with low catch per unit effort. However the subsistence fisheries from these regions play a significant role in the lives of rural community. The domestic market for marine fish products is extremely limited due to the small size of the population (2 million). The fishing industry is a source of considerable employment for many Namibians. Huge potential to increase production exists in Namibia, unpolluted high quality marine waters, high natural primary productivity of the seawater, availability of inexpensive fish by-products from established fish processing sector for inclusion in wet aqua-feeds and well-established processing, packaging and marketing systems due to the marine capture fisheries that can be adopted for aquaculture purpose.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.751-761
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• 2021

The Vietnamese economy is a developing country that has brought many opportunities and challenges for the banking system. Commercial banks have developed strongly from quality to quantity, which plays a vital role in developing the economy. They play an important role in capital formation, which is essential for the economic development of a country. They provide financial services to the general public and businesses, ensuring economic and social stability and sustainable growth of the economy. Therefore, the relationship between bank depth and economic growth is of importance in research. This paper used a VAR (Vector Autoregressive Models) estimator for time series data models. The data is collected quarterly from the first quarter of the year 2000 to 2020. The study uses the VAR model to examine the causal relationships of economic growth, growth in money supply expansion, private sector capital requirement, and banks' domestic credit. The results indicate a general short-run relationship between banking sector depth and economic growth with a positive connection, but in the long term, the relationship between these variables can be reversed because of other macro factors. The findings show the two-way causal relationship between GDP growth and banking depth factors. This research contributes to policy-making by underlining the banking sector depth determinants when setting regulations and policies to develop the banking sector.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 대한전기학회 1998년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1150-1152
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• 1998

Recently, our electric industry confronts a structural change and high competiveness environment in the course of deregulation. Rapid growth in electricity demand, financial need for new power plant construction, and envionmental problems have led to search for more efficient energy production and energy conservation techmologies. Especially, residential and commercial buildings consumes 40% of electricity demands and building energies are increasing more and more in Korea. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the electricity use of commercial buildings by end-use. Also, we will use it as a basic informations of DSM potential evaluation and evaluation process based on different approach by sector and type of potential.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.639-648
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• 2021

The study aims to examine the role of financial risk management in predicting the financial performance of commercial banks in Pakistan over the period of 2006-2017. For this purpose, risk management is measured through credit risk, interest rate risk, and liquidity risk, while financial performance is measured through ROA, ROE, and ROI. For this purpose, the dynamic panel model and two step GMM panel estimators are used to test the hypothesis empirically. The annual secondary data has been taken from the published financial reports of commercial banks of Pakistan. The results show that financial risk management significantly decreases the financial performance of commercial banks in Pakistan. Overall, the results are conclusive across the alternative measures of financial risk management in predicting the financial performance of the banking sector in Pakistan. The study suggested that managers should adopt risk management and risk hedging strategies to manage commercial banks' financial risks in Pakistan. They should hold extra cash while using the trade credit facilities. Previous studies mostly used a static model, but this study used a dynamic panel model. This study is among the first that focused on the various factors affecting the banks' performance in Pakistan.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.477-489
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of credit risk on commercial banks' profitability in Afghanistan. Due to the availability of limited data, this study applies the Fixed Effects estimator on balance panel data of six domestic private commercial banks over the period 2014-2018. The study uses LLRTL, TLTA, and TLTD as credit risk indictors, size as bank-specific determinant, ROAA, ROAE, and NIM as profitability indicators. The study finds a robust negative and significant effect of LLRTL on ROAA, and ROAE, but positive and insignificant on NIM. The results also reveal significant positive effect of TLTA on NIM, however insignificant negative on ROAA while insignificant positive on ROAE. The study finds negative effect of TLTD on ROAA, ROAE, and NIM, but only significant on NIM. Further, this study reveals a robust negative and significant effect of size on all profitability indicators. The mean comparison of profitability demonstrates that NIM is in a better situation than others profitability indicators, which is a good sign for the Afghan banking sector. The findings of this study suggest that improving credit management, increasing efficiency of asset management or effectiveness of business model can increase commercial banks' profitability in Afghanistan.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.171-193
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• 2011

This study aims to analyse the necessity of the subject heading construction for the word based classification and to suggest a methodology that uses various knowledge organization systems(KOS). For this purpose, six kinds of KOS were collected for the 20 selected works in each subject. The collected subjects were analysed in terms of constructing a subject heading for the word based classification. The result of the analysis shows that there is a noticeable difference between the library oriented KOS and commercial oriented KOS. In addition, user oriented tags are more similar to the commercial sector's concerning subject categorization than the library oriented ones. However, there is no noticeable difference among the library oriented KOS, commercial sector oriented KOS, and user oriented tags regarding the subject vocabulary. Some practical implications were suggested for the application to the Korean libraries based on the findings of this study.

• Architectural research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2016

This paper examines the Dutch policy for architecture and spatial design within the framework of the theory of creative industries. Creative industries are a young concept that emerged in the mid 1980's as a form of commercial cultural production associated with consumerism. The definition of the cultural industry is rather ambiguous in terms of its scope and its relation to the traditional field of art and cultural heritage. The paper describes the theory of the creative industry and relates the Dutch policy for architecture and spatial design to the creative industries theory. The sector of architecture and spatial design in the Netherlands has since the early 1990's been systematically supported by a national policy. Within this period a sophisticated infrastructure of institutions and funding incentives has created a successful and active culture of architecture, spatial design, architectural curating, architecture criticism, education, talent development, and research. Critical success factors for the Dutch policy are the separation of the cultural policy for architecture and spatial design from the art and cultural heritage sector, the 'depth' of the Dutch policy extending into fields not directly related to architecture and spatial design as well as the pro active role of the public sector assigning a central role to the architect and involving him in the beginning of the process.