• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.839-845
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• 2001

In order to vitrify the Ion-Exchange Resin(IER), Dry Active Waste(DAW), and borate concentrate generated from the commercial nuclear facilities, the glass formulation study based on the their compositions was performed. Two glasses named as RG-1 and DG-1 were formulated as the candidate glasses for the vitrification of hte IER and DAW, respectively. A glass named as MG-1 was also formulated as a candidate glass for the vitrification of the mixed wastes containing the IER, DAW, and borate concentrate. The process parameters, product qualities, and economics were evaluated for the candidate glasses and confirmed experimentally for the some properties. The glass viscosity and electrical conductivity as the process parameters were in the desired ranges. the product qualities such as glass density, chemical durability, phase stability, etc. were satisfactory. In case of vitrifying the wastes using our developed glass formulation study, the volume reduction factors for the IER, DAW and mixed wastes were evaluated as 21, 89 and 75, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.69-75
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to provide the conservation management direction about cultural landscape of the traditional villages in the area of Huizhou through the importance-performance analysis. The results of the survey on the importance - performance of 261 people who had many visits to various cultural landscapes of Huizhou villages such as Hongchun, Sidichun etc. are as follows. It was appeared that the item of 'good air' is the highest level of importance and satisfaction and is best condition. The item of 'historical conservation' is the high level of importance, but the level of satisfaction is low, so continuous improvement is necessary. The item of 'Old garden conservation' has high satisfaction but low importance, so it needs to improve its importance through subsequent improvement. The item of 'Keeping of old cemetary and old tower' has low importance and satisfaction but it is above average, so continuous maintenance is needed. The items of 'Preservation of stone gate' and 'Preservation of famous man's birth house' all have slightly higher satisfaction and lower importance. Both items are highly satisfied with their importance, so they should avoid excessive efforts and maintain the present status. Satisfaction with the item of 'water environment and water quality' was the lowest, and the problem of the present condition is the most serious, and a major improvement is needed. The importance and satisfaction of 'Commercial development of old villages' was the lowest among all items. This item is causing serious problems and should provide an overall improvement way to drastically improve the importance and satisfaction. Concentration is necessary to improve the environment of the whole villages, to protect the ecological plants and animals in old villages, to transfer and improve the culture of old villages, to maintain sustainability of the villages, and to protect old temple and old rock in old villages. As the level of satisfaction with sustainability is the lowest in the part of 'Concentrate here', there is a great concern about sustainability. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on sustainability and concentrate on sustainable development.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.756-764
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• 2009

Provision of an optimal environment for the calf is critical to establishing the patterns of growth and development essential to allow the heifer to express its genetic potential for milk output and reproductive capacity during its productive life. Maternal nutrition during gestation is now recognised as a key to genetic programming in utero and this influence is extended through the complexity of hormones, growth factors and immunostimulants incorporated into colostrum and milk consumed by the neonatal calf. This natural process is most often disrupted as calves are weaned abruptly to maximise milk output for commercial exploitation. The key then is to accelerate the rate of maturation of the ruminal epithelium through the provision of concentrate starter rations and high quality forage, which promote VFA production. Management systems to promote these processes in Holstein Friesian cattle are well developed, however, little is known of these processes with buffalo and Bos indicus dairy cattle such as the Sahiwal. The development of methods to program the neonate to grow faster to puberty in these species will be important to improving their productivity for the dairy industries in tropical and sub-tropical environments in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 1996

The recombinant pseudorabies virus major capsid protein (rMCP) was produced by expression of the MCP gene in Sf-9 cell using baculovirus transfer vector system. Following evaluation of the immunochemical properties of the rMCP, the immunogenicity of the recombinant subunit protiens were investigated in guinea pig and swine to obtain the preliminary guide line for the subunit vaccine using rMCP and gP50. It was proved that ultrasonication and 30% ammonium sulfate was most efficient to concentrate and purify the protein. The rMCP was safe in mice, guinea pigs and piglets. In guinea pigs, rMCP mixed with various adjuvants induced substantial degree of serum neutralizing antibody titers, but revealed incomplete protectivity against challenge. In swine, the combination of rMCP and gP50 showed the higher serum neutralizing antibody titers and cellular immune responses than rMCP alone. However, the protectivity was lower in comparison with the commercial gI-deleted inactivated vaccine. We expect these results to contribute to characterization of MCP gene of Korean isolate of PRV and to ultilize as preliminary information for prodution and evaluation of PRV recombinant subunit vaccines.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.524-529
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• 2014

Two methods of feed preference trials were compared to evaluate the acceptability of 5 fresh foliages: Leucaena leucocephala, Moringa oleifera, Portulaca oleracea, Guazuma ulmifolia, and Brosimum alicastrum that was included as control. The evaluation included chemical analyses and forage intake by rabbits. The first method was a cafeteria trial; 12 California growing rabbits aged 8 wk, allocated in individual cages, were offered the five forage plants at the same time inside the cage, while in the second trial 60 California growing rabbits aged 8 wk, allocated individually, were randomly distributed into 5 experimental groups (n = 12/group); for each group just one forage species was offered at a time. The testing period for each method lasted for 7 d, preceded by one week of adaptation. The results showed that B. alicastrum and L. lecocephala were the most preferred forages while on the contrary G. ulmifolia was the least preferred one by rabbits. The results also revealed that the CV% value for the 2nd method (16.32%), which the tested forages were presented separately to rabbits, was lower and methodologically more acceptable than such value for the $1^{st}$ method (34.28%), which all forages were presented together at the same time. It can be concluded that a range of tropical forages were consumed in acceptable quantities by rabbits, suggesting that diets based on such forages with a concentrate supplement could be used successfully for rabbit production. However, growth performance studies are still needed before recommendations could be made on appropriate ration formulations for commercial use.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.241-255
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze musical performances with the use of performance booking information from 2017 to 2019 which was obtained in Korea performing Arts Box Office Information system (KOPIS), and to make suggestions of Korean musical performances. Based on the data of KOPIS, relevant studies, internet based information, news articles, and magazines, musical performances were analyzed. In addition, the previous data of KOPIS and the data of the Broadway League were analyzed. The analysis results are as follows. Firstly, it is necessary to concentrate on Korean mid-sized theatre musical performances. Secondly, producers need to open their production costs invested in performances transparently. Thirdly, Off-Broadway system needs to be introduced after being modified in consideration of Korean situations. Thirdly, it is necessary to make long-run performances in order to achieve commercial success. Fifthly, it is necessary to make a bold attempt of theatre for performances just as in Broadway.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.463-473
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary hydrolysable tannin on growth performance and methane emissions of Hanwoo beef cows. Fifteen cows participated in a seven-week experiment. The cows were stratified by initial methane emissions and assigned to one of two treatments: Control and tannin supplementation. Commercial hydrolysable tannin was top-dressed to a concentrate mix at 3 g/kg based on the dry matter. Enteric methane production was measured for 4 consecutive days at 1 week before and 1, 3 and 7 weeks after the initiation of the experiment using a laser methane detector. The feed intake was measured daily during the methane measurement periods and an additional two days prior to each measurement. The body weight of the cows was measured every 4 weeks. Hydrolysable tannin had no effect (p > 0.05) on body weight, average daily gain, dry matter intake (DMI) and feed conversion ratio. After one week, the methane emission of the tannin supplementation group was 3.66 ppm-m / kg DMI, which was about 3.4% lower (p = 0.078) than that of the control group; however, this tendency disappeared at 3 weeks after the start of the experiment (p > 0.05). The results of this study show that hydrolysable tannin supplementation can reduce enteric methane emissions for a limited period in Hanwoo beef cows. More research, however, is needed to determine the optimal level of hydrolysable tannin supplementation to reduce enteric methane emissions for a longer period without adversely affecting the animal performance of Hanwoo beef cattle.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.1092-1100
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to determine meat quality characteristics and fatty acid composition of Korean native black goats (KNBG) finished on intensive feeding of alfalfa (ALF) and conventional feeding of commercial concentrate pellets (CCP) with low-energy common grasses. Ten KNBG (12 months old) were divided into two groups and subjected to either ALF or CCP treatments. The goats were slaughtered after 6 months of feeding with experimental diets to investigate meat quality characteristics and fatty acid compositions of longissimus lumborum muscle. There were no significant differences in proximate chemical composition, collagen, or myoglobin content between ALF and CCP groups of goats. Meat color, water-holding capacity, or tenderness was not significantly different between the two groups either. However, proportions of monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were significantly (p<0.05) different between the two groups. The proportion of oleic acid was significantly (p<0.05) higher in ALF goat whereas proportion of linoleic and arachidonic acids were significantly (p<0.05) higher in CCP goat. Results suggest that KNBG finished with intensive feeding of alfalfa could produce goat meat with desirable fatty acids for human diets.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.571-577
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• 2017

This study aimed at evaluating the potential of makgeolli, which is widely consumed as beverage, as a functional cosmetic ingredient, based on analyses on its antioxidant activity and tyrosinase activity inhibitory effect. The sample was extracted by concentrating the suspension obtained after adding MeOH (3 L) to the residue of a commercial makgeolli and then adding EtOAc (3 L) to the concentrate, which was subjected to fractionation. The upper layer of the fractions was used as the final sample. In MTT assay assessments, no cytotoxicity was observed at a concentration range of 10 to $1,000{\mu}g/mL$; the antioxidant activity of the extract showed a concentration-dependent tendency and it had a high activity with an $EC_{50}$ of 7.008 mg/mL. Also, in a tyrosinase activity inhibitory effect assessment, the extract showed an $IC_{50}$ value of 39.22 mg/mL. These results confirmed that this sample has potential as a functional cosmetic ingredient.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 2014

Pathogenic E. coli associated post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) and edema disease are common diseases in commercially-housed weanling pigs. An enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) oral challenge model has been used to mimic the physiological responses observed in commercial conditions. However, an oral challenge procedure has two major limitations: (1) the ETEC cell density is unknown at the point of oral inoculation, and (2) blending ETEC with traditional TSB (trypticase soy broth) is not palatable and hence decreases acceptability by piglets. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to (1) establish a regression equation that can be used for estimation of ETEC concentration in dilution media using the spectrophotometric measurement of cell density; and (2) examine survival of ETEC after blending either with TSB, sweetener or dextrose. A strain of ETEC (serogroup beta-hemolytic E. coli O149; K91; F4; toxins LT, STa, STb) was grown in TSB for 3.5 hours, centrifuged, the supernatant was discarded, and the ETEC pellet was then blended either with TSB (100 mL), sweetener (60 mL TSB + 40 mL fruit flavored concentrate), or dextrose (50 mL TSB + 50 mL dextrose; 0.5g/mL dextrose). Cell density was measured using the colorimetric method and also plated on a 5% sheep blood agar for counting of ETEC colony forming units at 0, 5, 35, 65 and 125 min after blending. The optical density at 600 nm explained 83% of ETEC colony forming units, indicating that the established linear equation (y= 6E+08x - 4E+07, P<0.004) can be used for robust quantification of ETEC cell density in TSB, sweetener and dextrose media. When ETEC was blended with sweetener and dextrose, survival of ETEC was decreased by 45% and 72% within 5 min post-blending. Therefore, further research is required to find out the suitable medium that has potential to improve palatability without compromising survival of ETEC.