• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.255-259
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• 1998

Sixteen Friesian Cows were allocated equally into 4 groups in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to evaluate the effects of utilizing bean by-products on the feed intake and milk production. Cows were fed on 4.5% of their body weight fresh alfalfa; the remainder of their requirements were covered by one of 4 experimental concentrate treatments: 1) commercial concentrate (CC), 2) 70% CC + 30% bean hulls (BH), 3) 70% CC + 30% Polished bean (PB) and 4) 70% CC+ 15% BH + 15% PB. Results showed that the inclusion of bean hulls at 30% improved (p<0.05) milk yield, 4% fat corrected milk yield, feed conversion ratio and fat percent of the milk over the other treatments. Feeding cows on a commercial concentrate plus 30% BH or 30% PB or 15% from each of BH and PB decreased the cost of feed per kg milk by 13.6, 2.5 and 1.3 %, respectively, lower than those fed on the commercial concentrate.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.467-472
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• 2017

There is increasing interest in developing flavor-enriched concentrate using byproducts of skipjack tuna Ktsuwonus pelamis as a replacement for commercial beef bone extract concentrate (CBB-EC). This study was compared on sanitary and nutritional characteristics between skipjack tuna frame extract concentrate (ST-EC) and CBB-EC as a control of skipjack tuna frame extract concentrate. The moisture contents of CBB-EC and ST-EC 41.4-4.9% and 45.3%, respectively. The results of viable cell counts and E. coli assays suggested that CBB-EC and ST-EC is a safe and sanitary for use in food. There were no differences in peroxide values among CBB-ECs. The total amino acid contents in CBB-EC and ST-EC were 25.6-29.3 g/100 g and 37.9 g/100 g, respectively, and the major amino acids present glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine and arginine. Regardless of kinds of the mineral, mineral contents of ST-EC higher than those of CBB-EC. The major fatty acids were 16:0, 18:0 and 18:1n-9 in CBB-EC, 16:0, 18:1n-9 and 22:6n-3 in ST-EC. These results can be used as background information to develop flavor-enriched concentrates from byproducts of skipjack tuna as replacement for CBB-EC.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1309-1316
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• 2015

In this paper, weight, carcass dressing, weights of the primary cuts, weights of the physical components of the primary cuts, and weights of the main commercial cuts of 66 $Purun{\tilde{a}}$ animals, of which 33 were bulls and 33 were steers were evaluated. These animals, with an average age of 19 months at the beginning of the experiment, were finished in a feedlot system during 116 days, and were fed with diets containing three levels of concentrate (0.8%, 1.1%, and 1.4% of body weight). The concentrate was formulated with 25% soybean meal, 73% ground corn grain, 1% of a mineral mix, and 1% of limestone. The interaction between sexual groups and the concentrate level was not significant for any of the variables. Likewise, no effect of the concentrate level was detected on the same variable traits. The bulls demonstrated higher hot carcass weights (265.1 vs 221.7 kg) and a higher proportion of forequarter (38.4% vs 36.1%) however the steers presented with higher proportions of side (19.7% vs 18.5%) and hindquarter (44.2% vs 43.1%). The bulls produced higher yields of muscle in the three primary cuts, there by resulting in higher yields of edible portions of the carcass. The bulls also produced higher weights of tenderloin, knuckle, topside, flat, eye round, rump, and rump cover. The finishing of young bulls in feedlot is to be recommended, since the animals produce carcasses with higher amounts of edible meat and higher yields of commercial cuts, thus allowing for a better price for the carcass. Low concentrate level could be used due to the lower cost of production for farmers.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

The health of modern people is threatened by bad eating habits. In order to provide healthy desserts to people, we conducted a study on adding plum concentrate, which is effective for fatigue recovery, insomnia, and prevention of constipation, to scones. In order to examine the utility of scones made by adding plum concentrate, the following experiment was conducted. It was prepared by adding 0g, 3g, 5g, and 7g of plum concentrate to the scone dough, respectively. As a result of the test, the sensory characteristic value was the highest in the experimental group to which 5 g of plum concentrate was added (4.77). There was a significant difference in that the average value tended to increase as the concentration of the plum concentrate increased. As for fragrance, the experimental group with the addition of 5 g of plum concentrate showed the highest sensory characteristic value of 3.62, but there was no significant difference. The experimental group to which 3 g of plum concentrate was added showed higher preference than the control group in most items such as color, flavor, sweetness, and overall preference. This study suggests that the production of scones with plum concentrate has a high potential for commercial use.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.193-198
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• 2004

Eighteen water buffalo calves of Nili-Ravi breed (about 15 months age and of $147{\pm}12$ kg average body weight and mixed sex) were used with six animals on each treatment. All the animals were fed long wheat straw for ad libitum intake as the basal ration. Animals in group-I were supplemented with ad libitum amount of urea molasses block having cotton seed meal (CSMB) while the animals in group-II were supplemented with ad libitum urea molasses block containing sunflower seed meal (SFMB) and group III animals were supplemented with a fixed amount of commercial concentrate feed (CCF). The experiment lasted for a period of 80 days (April to June). Results revealed a significantly decreased total feed intake (wheat straw+supplements) in group-III ($1,666{\pm}52$ g/h/d) as compared to group I ($2,299{\pm}194$ g/h/d) and group-II ($2,193{\pm}230$ g/h/d). Average daily supplement intakes were $891{\pm}87$; $666{\pm}104$ and $593{\pm}0$ grams per head in group I, II and III, respectively. Supplement intakes among groups were different (p<0.05). Average daily body weight gains (g/h) were $214{\pm}25$, $174{\pm}23 $and $183{\pm}24$ for group I, II and III, respectively. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was found to be $10.74{\pm}1.12$, $12.60{\pm}0.88$ and $9.90{\pm}1.33$ grams for group No. I, II and III, respectively. The economic net benefit of live weight gain of calves were 7.63, 6.11 and 7.33 rupees/h/d for group No. I, II and III, respectively. Thus SFM can replace CSM and urea molasses blocks can replace commercial concentrates as supplement to basal ration of wheat straw.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.159-164
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• 2001

A novel fluidized-bed reactor was designed and installed for bioleaching in a semi-continuous way, by which a process for bioleaching-cyanidation of Guangxi Jinya refractory gold arsenical concentrate was studied. An arsenic extraction rate reaches 82.5% after 4-day batch biooxidation of the concentrate under the optimized condition of pH 2.0, ftrric ion concentration 6.5g/L and pulp concentration 10%. And leaching rate of gold in the following gold cyanidation is over 90%. The parameters of three series fluid-bed reactors exhibit stability during the semi-continuous bioleaching of the concentrate. Arsenic in the concentrate can be got rid of 91% after 6-day leaching. Even after 4 days, 82% of arsenic extraction rate was still obtained. The recovery rates of gold are 92% and 87.5% respectively in cyaniding the above bioleached residues. The results will provide a base for further commercial production of gold development.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.205-208
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• 2002

The use of chopped sugarcane stalk (CSS) as a roughage for lactating cows was examined using four Holstein crossbred cows in a private dairy farm in Khon Kaen, Thailand, in comparison with rice straw (RS), which is the conventional roughage in the dry season in the region. Cows were subjected to the following two dietary treatments: Diet 1) RS with commercial concentrate feed, and Diet 2) CSS and RS with commercial concentrate feed. The diet was switched over every 3 weeks. The amount of concentrate was determined by the experience of the owner of the cows. RS and CSS were given ad libitum. There was no difference in milk production between two groups, although the total DMI was less in cows fed CSS. Solid-not-fat (SNF) content in milk was significantly higher in the cows given CSS. The NEFA content was significantly lower in the animals given CSS, which suggested that cows given only RS as roughage would be suffering from energy malnutrition. Therefore, it was considered that CSS feeding improved energy supply, which resulted in higher SNF in milk. In the nutritional point of view, the present study clearly showed CSS can be used as a roughage for dairy cows in the dry season.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.278-285
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• 2014

This study investigated the quality characteristics of fermented wines using a selected strain to obtain basic data on sugar-free tomato wine production. Alcohol content of the tomato and commercial wine was 8.2~12.9%, whereas tomato wine showed a relatively low alcohol content of 8.2%. For total phenol content, Chile wine showed the highest value of 162.89 mg/100 g, followed by persimmon wine at 122.33 mg/100 g. Tomato wine showed a relatively high total phenol content of 96.57 mg/100 g. In all sections, xylose was not detected, although there were differences in free sugars depending on each product. Acetic and citric acid contents were highest in tomato wine, and the six kinds of commercial wine and tomato wine showed acetic acid content of 800.6 mg/100 g and citric acid content of 1,064.4 mg/100 g. The total free amino acid content was 100.63 mg/100 g in tomato wine, which was 2~3 times higher compared to that in commercial wine ($26.33{\pm}52.15mg/100g$).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.203-206
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• 2004

Fodder supply condition was studied at 41 nomadic families in Gobi, Southern Semi-Desert area in Mongolia, from Dec. 1994 to Apr. 1995 to determine problems in cold, feed deficient season for establishment of sustainable livestock production system. The conditions of two family groups: those located in sparse vegetation (FG1), and those in comparably dense (FG2), were also compared. Commercial concentrate feed (concentrate), hay and Zoodoi were prepared for supplementation. Zoodoi was hand-made feed made mainly of Allium mongolicum and Allium polyrrhizum. Allium mongolicum tended to be used at FG1 frequently, and Allium polyrrhizum at FG2 depend on differences of micro vegetation. 44%, 90% and 39% of families prepared 165.6 kg of concentrate, 301.6 kg of hay and 6.8 kg of Zoodoi per sheep and goat (small livestock) on the average, respectively. The ratio of families that used concentrate at FG1 was smaller than those at FG2, though there were no significant differences on the amount. More hay was fed at FG1 than at FG2, and Zoodoi tended to be fed more in the FG1 group. Recipients were mostly restricted to young, female and sick small livestock that use the feeds effectively. More families gave concentrate and hay to the young than to the females and sick. They also gave more Zoodoi to young and sick animals than to females in this area. In the FG1 group, no differences were found between recipients on the concentrate supply. More families supplied hay to young animals than to sick ones, and Zoodoi was fed more to sick animals than to young and females. On the other hand, those in the FG2 found, more families fed fodders to young than to female and sick regardless of the kinds of feeds. The amount of fodder supplementation in the studied area was restricted, but accurate techniques of nomads to adapt the situation were clarified.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.42-50
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• 2008

Twenty-four, lactating dairy cows were randomly assigned according to a Rrandomized complete block design (RCBD) to investigate the effect of sunflower oil supplementation (SFOS) with cassava hay based-diets on feed intake, digestibility of nutrients, rumen fermentation efficiency and milk production. The treatments were as follows: T1 = Control, using commercial concentrate as a supplement (CON); T2 = Concentrate with cassava hay (CHSO-0); T3 = Concentrate with cassava hay and 2.5% sunflower oil (CHSO-2.5); T4 = Concentrate with cassava hay and 5% sunflower oil (CHSO-5). The cows were offered concentrate feed at a ratio of concentrate to milk production of 1:2 and urea-treated rice straw was fed ad libitum. The results revealed that feed intake, digestibility of nutrients and ruminal pH were similar among all treatments, while ruminal NH3-N was lower (p<0.05) with SFOS. Blood urea-N (BUN) and milk urea-N (MUN) were not significantly affected by SFOS. The ruminal concentrations of volatile fatty acids were significantly different among the treatments. Sunflower oil supplementation significantly increased concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids, and ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids in the milk, particularly the conjugated fatty acids, was significantly enhanced. Furthermore, production costs of treatments with sunflower oil supplementation were lower than for the control. Based on this study, SFOS in cassava hay based-diets improves rumen ecology, milk yield and milk quality, especially in terms of conjugated linoleic acids.