• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.27-42
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify the spatial characteristics of the parcels in which building construction occurred. In recent, urban development patterns in Korea have been shifting from the past. Small-scale development at parcel level is becoming more important in accordance with individual location needs in the low-growth era unlike public lead large-scale urban development in the rapid growth period. Therefore, it is necessary to study the spatial characteristics of the parcels where small-scale development takes place for future urban development management. This study used the chi square independence test, t-test and ANOVA (analysis of variance) to identify the spatial characteristics. The results of the study show that there is a spatial characteristics difference not only between building construction and non-building construction parcels, but also by type of building construction. The parcel where the building construction occurred have a higher proportion in detached house, major commercial districts, district unit planning areas, and commercial areas. In addition, it is caused by parcels, which are large scale and economically valuable, and are influenced by traffic factors such as urban centers and subway accessibility. As a result of each type of building construction, the parcels where the building use change occurred have spatial characteristic difference compared to other building construction, while the spatial characteristics are similar between the new construction/extension and new construction/extension with change of use. Based on this results, it will be possible to identify areas with high demand for small-scale development in the future and to utilize them for planning management of urban development. Furthermore, it will be possible to manage development demand by type of building construction, and to prepare differentiated plans considering the appropriateness of development plan, availability of infrastructure, and harmony with surrounding environment.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2007

Streetscape plays on important role in urban cities. Characteristics of streets is basically defined by the building facade, signs, plants and paving during the daytime. However at night, street receives a new appearance due to the shop light from the buildings, exterior lightings, signboards and street light, and it creates most of the image of the streets. This study aims to analyze the luminous environment and its subjective image of two different pedestrian's commercial streets. Insa-dong street and Myungdong street were chosen for the study. Horizontal illuminance and luminance on building surface, advertisement billboards and pedestrian road were measured. Thirty students were asked to rate the five scaled questionnaire on their subjective images of the streets. Statistical analysis including profile, correlation and T-test are conducted and some findings are discussed

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.43-48
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• 2008

One of the most important factors in determining the quality of living environment is daylighting. Especially its influence in the psychological and biological life of human beings cannot be underestimated. Therefore, lots of researches have been given to develop a more efficient daylighting system. The sunlighting system, one of many developed systems, has been developed and applied in various ways. However, the high cost of sunlighting system has been the most difficult stumbling-block in making it commercial. However, as domestic apartment houses tend to be more luxury, life environment becomes a very important factor more than cost in building apartment house. Therefore, it would be possible to adopt sunlighting system in the non-window areas such as a restroom in an apartment house. This research is a preliminary work in order to measure a possibility of applying sunlighting system in an apartment house. In order to do so, I measure Sunlight Illuminance Ratio in various areas of apartment house. As a result, in case of a residential-commercial building, areas such as kitchen, restroom, and entrance are relatively weak-lighting areas. In case of a traditional apartment house, restroom and entrance are relatively weak-lighting areas. For that reason, a special lighting support is needed in these areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2012

Geothermal heat pump(GHP) systems have been shown to be an environmentally-friendly, efficient alternative to traditional cooling and heating systems in both residential and commercial applications. Although some experimental work related to performance evaluation of GHP systems with vertical borehole ground heat exchangers for commercial buildings has been done, relatively little has been reported on the performance simulation of these systems. The aim of this study is to evaluate the cooling and heating performance of the GHP system with 30 borehole ground heat exchangers applied to an commercial building($1,210m^2$) in Seoul. For this purpose, a typical design procedure was involved with a combination of design parameters such as building loads, heat pump capacity, circulating pump, borehole diameter, and ground effective thermal properties, etc. The cooling and heating performance prediction of the system was conducted with different prediction methods and then each result is compared.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2009

Lighting for outdoor advertising is very common feature of building facades as they provide the information and commercial identification. As the interest of improving street beautification more widely, application of various lighting technologies has been develop for advertisement such as electric sign board and signage. Furthermore, the installation of higher sign luminance than needed has many negative consequences, including higher energy consumption and light pollution. There are now no standard for outdoor advertisements in terms of luminance, and installation of indiscreet outdoor advertisement without luminance consideration is becoming more commonplace. This study was to evaluate the luminous characteristics of outdoor advertising as a function of sign and building facade luminance, luminance ratio. Data were collected on 8 electric sign boards, 20 internally illuminated, externally illuminated, neon, and channel letter signs and 4 commercial areas. Photometric measurements were taken by CS-100(Minolta) and ProMetric-1400(Radiant Imaging) for various sign modes and sign design. Also luminance of building facades were analyzed according with CIE standard of maximum obtrusive light permitted for exterior lighting installations. The findings are as follows; (1) There were excessive luminance of electric sign boards that could affect adjacent building facade and night sky luminance. (2) Sings that are externally illuminated providing an inappropriate amount of light on to the outer surface of the sign caused higher building facade luminance and potential of unnecessary glare.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2010

The city means not only a geographical area as a role of the spatial boundary, but also a socio-economic place to communicate with each area. It requires various functions to get the income and economic-activities. But city has a limitation of a available land to provide the required functions and a sufficient space to supply the urban activity. Therefore, the development trend of city has not been to spread to the horizontal area any more and considered the vertical area. In addition, various functions put into a massive building because many people want to solve the daily requirements without spending time and cost in outer area. In this paper, it aimed at classifying the mixed-use building into function, circulation, relation according to the public and private space and the building shape to provide the design information such as land area, functional complex, accessibility, etc.. The classification of the mixed-use buildings is divided into four areas. The data are collected with foreign countries in Japan, Europe and US. Results of the study are as follows; First, the commercial function is mainly centered with other functions. Second, after studied the development scale, accessibility, building form, the commercial and residential area overwhelmly share at the total area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.229-234
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• 2008

The new millennium has started with several innovations driven by fast evolution of the technologies in energy sector. A strong impulse towards the diffusion of new economical efficient technologies regulatory incentives related to energy production from renewable source and a small scale building trigeneration and to promotion of more sustainable environmental-friendly generation solutions, the evolution of electricity markets, more and more binding local emission constraints, and the need for improving the security of supply to reduce the energy system vulnerability. The 24 percentage energy quantify of total energy consumption consumes in commercial buildings and residential houses and the 30% portion of total $CO_2$ emissions covers also in the commercial buildings and residential houses sector. To cope with efficiently this energy sinuation in building sector, Building microgrid or building tooling, heating & power(BCHP) system has been interested in recent day due to meeting thermal and electric energy requirements efficiently and with appropriate energy quality. A multi agent system is a collective of intelligent agents that communicate with each other and work cooperatively to achieve common goals. Also, it is to medicate and coordinate communication between Control Areas and Security Coordinators for teal-time control of the BCHP system and the power pid. In this new circumstance, it is very important to integrate the power and energy delivery system and the information system(communication, networks, and intelligent equipment) that controls it. Therefore, development of smart control modules with open communication protocol and seamlessly interchange the data and information between control network and data network including extranet and intranet give a great meanings. We designed and developed the TCP/IP-CAN IED agent modules and ModBus./LonTalk/(TCP/IP) IED agent ones to configure the multi-agent system based smart energy network of commercial buildings and also intelligent algorithms for inverter fault diagnostics which ran be operated in control level or agent level network.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.1686-1704
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• 2021

This study addresses the numerical simulation of the shield building of an AP1000 nuclear power plant (NPP) subjected to a large commercial aircraft impact. First, a simplified finite element model (F.E. model) of the large commercial Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft is established. The F.E. model of the AP1000 shield building is constructed, which is a reasonably simplified reinforced concrete structure. The effectiveness of both F.E. models is verified by the classical Riera method and the impact test of a 1/7.5 scaled GE-J79 engine model. Then, based on the verified F.E. models, the entire impact process of the aircraft on the shield building is simulated by the missile-target interaction method (coupled method) and by the ANSYS/LS-DYNA software, which is at different initial impact velocities and impact heights. Finally, the laws and characteristics of the aircraft impact force, residual velocity, kinetic energy, concrete damage, axial reinforcement stress, and perforated size are analyzed in detail. The results show that all of them increase with the addition to the initial impact velocity. The first four are not very sensitive to the impact height. The engine impact mainly contributes to the peak impact force, and the peak impact force is six times higher than that in the first stage. With increasing initial impact velocity, the maximum aircraft impact force rises linearly. The range of the tension and pressure of the reinforcement axial stress changes with the impact height. The perforated size increases with increasing impact height. The radial perforation area is almost insensitive to the initial impact velocity and impact height. The research of this study can provide help for engineers in designing AP1000 shield buildings.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• 제30권A호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2010

Recently, Smart Grid is a emerging topic in power and communication industry. Smart Grid refers to a evolution of the electricity supply infrastructure that monitors, protects, and intelligently optimize the operation of the interconnected elements including various type of generators, power grid, building/home automation system and end-use consumers. In order to successful implementation of Smart Grid, energy management function will be the key factor that coordinates and optimally controls the various loads according to the operating condition and environments, and the load patterns in residential and commercial building will be required as fundamental element for load management. In this study, we collects many types of energy usage data of electric appliances, analyze their load curves, and make the general load patterns for electrical appliance.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2022

The seamless integration of the architecture and structure of a tall building plays a key role in establishing a recognizable and iconic design. The structural system developed for Shenzhen Rural Commercial Bank Headquarters (SRCBH) utilizes enhanced structural innovations unique to the tower's geometry to improve structural and sustainability performance. SRCBH utilizes a steel diagrid system pulled outside of the enclosure line with diaphragm forces resolved primarily by corner diagonal beams. During the design process the structural systems underwent performance based design and optimization for wind and seismic loading. Resiliency was prioritized for structural design as well as fire resistance. More closely integrating the structure of a building with its architecture and sustainability goals can lead to unique and innovative towers with a timeless expression.