• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.211-219
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• 2014

The internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes, which are the extension of urban streets, are being changed from a mediating space aiming at movement to a staying-type space according to the change of mixed-use commercial complexes. And they function as a resting place of user with court and plaza, and act as an urban public space, and accommodate an activity arising from the gathering of many people. As a result, a role of new relaxation and community space is played in the center of the city. And the aspect of publicness is brought into relief. Hence, this study is intended to examine the characteristics that the internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes have, and furthermore, it is intended to show the planning characteristics in the contemporary mixed-use commercial complexes. With regard to the method of research, first, space configuration and role of internal streets was examined according to the change of mixed-use commercial complexes on the basic of precedent research and literature review. And the internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes were classified into doorway part, traffic line, and open space. And the characteristics of internal streets in the mixed-use commercial complexes through the concept of architectural 'publicness' were derived as accessibility, amenity, perceptibility, openness, connectivity and symbolism. The internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes should be changed by the space planning to secure continuity with the city on the basis of accessibility and connectivity and to reinforce visual openness in the internal streets in order to improve amenity and perceptibility, accordingly the mixed-use commercial complexes will be also born again as symbolic public space in the city. Variously changing elements to improve publicness very importantly act on the planning of internal streets in the mixed-use commercial complexes, and therefore researches should be continuously carried out.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.273-279
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• 2003

Pancreatin is a enzyme mixture breaking down carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Most pancreatin used in Korea is imported from foreign countries. However, guideline of each country for pancreatin produced from each country is different. Therefore, guideline for pancreatin imported from several countries, such as Europe, Japan and America, it is standardized to control its quality. Assay of enzyme activity for pancreatin in KP is similar to tat in JP, but it is significantly different from those in FP ad in USP. We measured pancreatin digestive activities of 17 commercial products. Activity assay of digestive enzymes, starch- and lipid-digestive enzymes, for pancreatin by KP method (including JP) was difficult compared to those by FIP ad USP methods. Particularly, activity assays of starch- and lipid-digestive enzymes by KP method were mistakable, ad varied in diluted samples than those by FIP. However, activity assay of protein-digestive enzyme by KP method was similar to that by FIP. Starch-digestive enzyme activities of 17 commercial pancreatins by KP method were lower 0.079-fold compared to those by FIP method. Their protein-digestive enzyme activities by KP method were higher 75.7-fold than those by FIP method. Their lipid-digestive enzyme activities by KP method were lower 0.234-fold compared to those by FIP method.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.47 no.7
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• pp.454-459
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• 2009

In order to commercialize Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC), the cathode catalyst such as Platinum supported Carbon (Pt/C) need to have a high activity of Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR). In this study, the 20% Pt/C was synthesized using the chemical reduction method while the crystallinity of Platinum (Pt) particles were controlled under heat treatment conditions. The activity of synthesized Pt catalysts was evaluated using electrochemical measurement. Compared with the $i_{ORR}$ at 0.8 V of 20% Pt/C heat-treated at $500^{\circ}C$ and the 20% Pt/C that were not heated and commercial 20% Pt/C, the $i_{ORR}$ at 0.8 V of 20% Pt/C heattreated at $500^{\circ}C$ was 9.5 and 1.7 times higher than those of the 20% Pt/C and commercial 20% Pt/C that were not heated. It was considered that the crystallinity and particle size affect the ORR activity of the Pt/C catalysts.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.252-257
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• 2011

To remove excess nitrate from the agricultural environments, Enterobacter amnigenus GG0461 has been isolated as a bacterial strain having high capability of nitrate uptake activity. This strain was able to remove nitrate more than 3,000 ppm (50 mM) in the Pseudomonas agar F (PAF) medium. Therefore, it could be a candidate strain for a nitrate scavenger in the various contaminated environments, such as agricultural soils, livestock sewage, and industrial wastewater. In order to develop medium for the large-scale production of the strain GG0461, each component of PAF medium was replaced with the corresponding commercial product and the optimal conditions for bacterial growth and nitrate uptake activity were measured. Glycerol was replaced with the commercially available product and the nitrogen source was substituted with commercial tryptone, yeast extract, soybean meal, and fermented fish extract. Bacterial growth and nitrate uptake activity were maximal in the media containing 2% tryptone, followed by yeast extract, soybean meal, and fermented fish extract. The pH of the growth medium containing 2% tryptone was decreased by the bacterial nitrate uptake, suggesting that the nitrate uptake is mediated by a nitrate/proton antiporter. This result shows that the medium containing commercial tryptone was good enough for the physiological activity of the strain GG0461. Each component of PAF medium was successfully replaced with the corresponding commercial product except peptone. In conclusion, the composition of medium for the cultivation of the strain GG0461 was determined as 2% tryptone, 1% glycerol, plus required salts according to the composition of PAF medium.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.631-655
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• 2004

This study clearly shows that the commercial dispute management is very important for the enterprise and the national economy and the international commercial arbitration as a ADR needs to be activated to settle the trade dispute for the more in the Republic of Korea. The trade dispute has increased for more than thirty years from 1960s and the problem of the occurrence of trade dispute has been very serious in the Republic of Korea. In general, the annual average increase rate of trade dispute has been higher gradually to present and has been high more than the annual average increase rate of export from the 1960s. Also the annual average increase rate of trade dispute in R.O.K. in general high than the Japan and the Taiwan. Accordingly, the trade dispute has been the factor of weakening of international competitiveness. On the other hand, the occurrence of commercial dispute is apt to affect the enterprise and the national economy. It can be called as micro and macro effect. Also, it's analysed that all these problems occurred because of business quality of businessman than the quality problem of goods. Several improvements directions recommended are as follows according to the analyses above. The first, it's required that the consciousness level of commercial dispute management of businessman should be higher to prevent occurrence of commercial dispute and settle the dispute efficiently. The second, the government concerned had better fix policy to raise the standard of commercial dispute management since the trade dispute affects the enterprise and the national economy. And ADR institutions such as the KCAB cooperate with each other for the activation of ADR such as conciliation. The third, is's desirable that the KCAB should promote international commercial arbitration and activate the cooperation of international arbitration activity with other countries. The fourth, it's desirable that the system of Certified Dispute Manager(CDM) should be established to raise the standard of commercial dispute management and the trade order.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.604-613
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to estimate the food quality of commercial boiled-dried Pacific herring Clupea pallasi as a substitute for boiled-dried anchovy. Standards for controlling quality of boiled-dried Pacific herring were suggested based on international (US FDA and CODEX) and domestic (Korean FDA, Standards on Quality of Seafood and Seafood Products, KS) standards for boiled-dried anchovy. The standards included requirements for moisture [less than 30% (less than 35 in very tiny sizes)], water activity (less than 0.85), salinity (less than 10%), water-phase salt (less than 20%), acid-insoluble ash (less than 1.5%), yeast and mold (fewer than 1.0×10³ CFU/g), and different size and breakage (less than 5%). Based on the standards suggested, commercial boiled-dried Pacific herring passed nine levels (all levels) in water activity, acid-insoluble ash, mold and yeast concentrations; seven levels (L-1, 2, 3, 4, M-1, 2, S) in water-phase salt, and three levels (L-1, 3, 4) in the ratio of different size and breakage categories. These results suggest that the quality of commercial boiled-dried Pacific herring is similar to that of commercial boiled-dried anchovy.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.29-38
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• 2016

Purpose - This research examines the effects of local universities on urban regeneration to recover commercial supremacy in the original urban area and provides clear information on the "University Cooperation Project for Traditional Market." Research design, data, and methodology - The "University Cooperation Project for Traditional Market" started in 2015. This study was conducted focusing on 22 places selected in 2015 and the project content in those locations. Results - This study analyzes the link to urban regeneration and spreads the concept along with theoretical consideration of university cooperation for traditional markets. Additionally, it promotes policies to help propel the project based on characteristics of the region. Conclusions - A differentiated project should be created, with characteristics of the region reflected, and detailed programs developed and implemented resulting in meaningful achievement from the perspective of members of the local community, who may have deviated from existing perspectives. Additionally, opportunities should be established for the direct application of young consumer ideas through experimental business to regenerate the traditional market (commercial supremacy), the center of the local economic society.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.8-17
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• 2011

To identify and examine the distribution of proteolytic inhibitory activity in crude extracts from fish eggs, and to determine the applicability of these protease inhibitors as anti-degradation agents in surimi-based products and fish meat, we compared the inhibitory activities of various extracts from fish eggs to those of commercial proteases, such as trypsin and papain. We used the optimal conditions for the screening of trypsin activity: 30 ug/uL of 0.1% trypsin and 0.6 mM Na-benzoyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA) with a pH of 8.0 at $40^{\circ}C$ for 60 min. The activities of papain and four commercial proteases were investigated after mixing with 100 ug/uL enzymes and 0.3% casein with a pH of 8.0 at $40^{\circ}C$ for 60 min. We performed a screening assay to detect the inhibitory activity (%) of crude extracts from eight species of fish eggs against the target proteases trypsin and papain. The assay revealed a wide distribution of trypsin and papain inhibitors in fish eggs. The specific inhibitory activities (11.6.28.6 U/mg) of crude extracts from fish eggs against trypsin and BAPNA substrate were higher than that (0.64 U/mg) of egg whites, used as a commercial inhibitor. The inhibitory activities of crude extracts from fish eggs against trypsin, and of egg whites against casein substrate (1.94.4.51 U/mg), were higher than those of papain (0.24.1.57 U/mg) and commercial protease (0.04.0.32 U/mg). The extracts from fish eggs were rich in protease inhibitors that exhibited strong inhibitory activity against trypsin, a serine protease, and papain, a cysteine protease.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.137-153
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• 2024

This study aimed to propose early diagnosis and management of dementia, which is increasing in aging societies, and suggest commercial utilization strategies by leveraging digital healthcare technologies, particularly lifelog data collected from wearable devices. By introducing new approaches to dementia prevention and management, this study sought to contribute to the field of dementia prediction and prevention. The research utilized 12,184 pieces of lifelog information (sleep and activity data) and dementia diagnosis data collected from 174 individuals aged between 60 and 80, based on medical pathological diagnoses. During the research process, a multidimensional dataset including sleep and activity data was standardized, and various machine learning algorithms were analyzed, with the random forest model showing the highest ROC-AUC score, indicating superior performance. Furthermore, an ablation test was conducted to evaluate the impact of excluding variables related to sleep and activity on the model's predictive power, confirming that regular sleep and activity have a significant influence on dementia prevention. Lastly, by exploring the potential for commercial utilization strategies of the developed model, the study proposed new directions for the commercial spread of dementia prevention systems.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.889-896
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• 2016

This study aims to evaluate the hydrolytic activity of a commercial nitrilase and optimize nitrilase treatment conditions to apply eco-friendly finishing on acrylic fabrics. To assess the possibility of hydrolyzing nitrile bonds in acrylic fabric using a commercial nitrilase, the amounts of hydrolysis products, ammonia and carboxylate ions, were measured. The treatment conditions were optimized via the amount of ammonia. The formation of carboxylate ions on the fabric surface was detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and wettability measurements. After nitrilase treatment, ammonia was detected in the treatment liquid; thus, nitrilase hydrolyzed the nitrile bonds in acrylic woven fabric. The largest amount of ammonia was released into the treatment liquid under the following conditions: pH 8.0, $40^{\circ}C$, and a treatment time of 5 h. The formation of carboxylate ions on the acrylic woven fabric surface by nitrilase hydrolysis was proven by the increased O1s content measuring of XPS analysis. From comparison of the results of nitrilase and alkaline hydrolysis, the white index and strength of the alkali-hydrolyzed acrylic fabric decreased, whereas those of the nitrilase-hydrolyzed samples were maintained. The nitrilase hydrolysis improved the sensitivity of acrylic fabrics to basic dye similarly to alkaline hydrolysis without the drawbacks of yellowing and decreased strength caused by alkaline hydrolysis.