• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.317-324
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• 2005

Purpose: The study was done to investigate whether positioning relieves the back pain and enhances comfort during bed rest after transhepatic arterial chemoembolization(TACE). Methods: A quasi-experimental design with non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design was used. The experimental group was placed semi Fowler's position for the first 2 hours. The following 4 hours the position was rotated hourly between 30 degrees laterally inclined position and a semi Fowler's position. The control group was maintained in a supine position for the 6 hours. Data were analyzed using t-test, $x^2$-test, Fisher's exact test and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: 1) Back pain intensity significantly decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group. 2) Comfort level significantly decreased in both groups, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. 3) There were no hematoma and bleeding complication in either group. In addition, there was no significant difference in urinary retention between the two groups. 4) Analgesics were less frequently taken by the experimental group. Conclusion: These results suggest that positioning relieves back pain without causing an increased incidence of hematoma and bleeding formation after TACE and this nursing intervention might help patients be more comfortable during the treatment of TACE.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.233-241
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the components of successful leadership and organizational structural barrier to apply leadership perceived by head nurses. Method: We collected the data using interviews from August 1 to August 31 in 2003. The participants of this study were 19 head nurses from two university hospitals in Pusan. Result: Three categories of successful leadership in nursing organization were identified; leadership, opportunity, authority. Leadership category included accepting nurses' opinions, providing comfortable work environment, and interpersonal harmony. Opportunity category included verbal convincing for professional development and emotional support. Authority category included accomplishment and competence. Head nurses included autonomy, incentives, and equal opportunity across to different discipline as power category. Barriers identified by head nurses were lack of opportunity and power from hospital level. They seem to be frustrated when they don't have enough support from hospital. Conclusion: We think that head nurses have to apply effective leadership to achieve organizational goal and harmonious nursing environment. Based on the barriers identified in the study, interdisciplinary managemental intervention can lead better quality of care and nurses' work satisfaction which could further enhance hospital productivity and quality of care.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 1990

This study was carried out in the Haenahm county as a part of project, the'89 Comprehensive Planning of Rural Area. In order to increase household income of rural area and to meet increasing tourism demand in urban area, several tourism development directions and strategies were suggested in terms of resources, services, and transportation. The major results of this study are summarized as follows ; 1) Core tourism market has to be maintained by inforcement of unique image of the Haenahm county, such as the southern extremeity of Korean peninsula and tourism resources rich land. 2) New tourism products need to be introduced to attract fringe market of this area by use of natural and cultural resources in the Haenahm county, such as terrain, climate, provincial park, music, dance and artifacts. 3) image of this county as a touristic resort would be escalated by development of high quality andclusterized accommodation in urbanized area of the Haenahm county 4) Development of private lodging, production of local brand by native food, beverage and artifacts, introduction of festival by folk song and folk dance would be helpful to stabilize a seasonal fluctuating demand level of ourismandlocalresidentsincome. 5) Diversification of tourism product needs to be provided for tourists in order to increase chances for enjoyment in the destination and to be involved in socially comfortable atmosphere. 6) Package tour by diversification of touristic subregions in this county and linkage system with touristic regions of other counties would helpful to lead visitors to stay long, resulting in increased expenditure.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.19-28
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to increase the current understanding of the acoustic characteristics of voices with advancing age. The relationship between age-related changes in body physiology and certain acoustic characteristics of voice was studied in a sample of 80 men representing four chronological age groupings (20-29, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79) who were all of good physical condition. Each subject was asked to phonate the vowel /a/, /i/, and /u/ for as long as possible at comfortable frequency and intensity level and read the sentence. A promising voice analysis program (Multi-Dimensional Voice $Program^{TM}$) was used to measure the fundamental frequency ($f_0$), jitter, shimmer, $f_0$ variation, peak-amplitude variation, smoothed pitch perturbation quotient, smoothed amplitude perturbation quotient, soft phonation index, $f_0$-tremor intensity index, amplitude tremor intensity index, and noise-to-harmonics ratio from the samples.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.298-308
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• 2012

This study was designed to examine the phoneme recognition errors of hearing-impaired (HI) listeners on a consonant-by-consonant basis, to show (1) how each HI ear perceives individual consonants differently and (2) how standard clinical measurements (i.e., using a tone and word) fail to predict these differences. Sixteen English consonant-vowel (CV) syllables of six signal-to-noise ratios in speech-weighted noise were presented at the most comfortable level for ears with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss. The findings were as follows: (1) individual HI listeners with a symmetrical pure-tone threshold showed different consonant-loss profiles (CLPs) (i.e., over a set of the 16 English consonants, the likelihood of misperceiving each consonant) in right and left ears. (2) A similar result was found across subjects. Paired ears of different HI individuals with identical pure-tone threshold presented different CLPs in one ear to the other. (3) Paired HI ears having the same averaged consonant score demonstrated completely different CLPs. We conclude that the standard clinical measurements are limited in their ability to predict the extent to which speech perception is degraded in HI ears, and thus they are a necessary, but not a sufficient measurement for HI speech perception. This suggests that the CV measurement would be a useful clinical tool.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.3 s.75
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• pp.1-16
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• 2005

This study explored the elements, types, and determining factors of successful aging for the Korean elderly. In order to examine the expectations of the Korean elderly, a sample of 377 elderly aged 65 and over living in Seoul and Kyunggi areas was selected and interviewed. The elements of successful aging that the Korean elderly pointed out in the interviews were: 'peaceful and comfortable life', 'self-maintenance,' 'secure social support,' and 'ostentation.' The expected elements of successful aging were further classified into three types of successful aging: 'idealized expectation.' 'self-centered expectation,' 'balanced self-other expectation.' The elderly groups sorted by the types exhibited significant differences in terms of demographic characteristics, self-evaluated economic status, and self-evaluated health status. The variables that affected the expectations were age, level of education, marital status, gender, and self-evaluated health condition. However, further analysis revealed that the factors that affected the expectation for successful aging were different for male and female elderly. The results suggest that the successful aging of Korean elderly should be understood in the context of Korean society and culture. The results could be used to better understand varied and unique life of Korean elderly, as well as in establishing a basis of intervention that meets the specific demands of the Korean elderly.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.186-193
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• 2020

We investigate a fog-detection CCT control system using low deck lighting as a solution to the forward visibility of pole-type street lamps employed on existing roads. The lighting standards were met with a light source that has less compared with those of pole-type street lamps. The results show that the transmission rate was increased by changing the color temperature by automatically recognizing fog in bad weather and minimizing the phenomenon of lighting. In addition, it was allowed to create a safer and more comfortable driving environment for drivers owing to flicker or light pollution of existing pole-type street lamps. As a result, if lighting is used at a lower level than pole-type street lamps, the accident rate caused by securing the driver's forward visibility can be reduced sharply and existing problems can be resolved.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2014

The inconvenient truth of sustainable public squat toilet culture varies among nationalities. This culture may be comfortable to the people of China, yet uncomfortable to the non-Chinese, according to the adequate environmental management in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture (YKAP), northern China. We conducted a series of field surveys and individual interviews (Chinese n = 1,000 and non-Chinese [foreign visitors] n = 100) on several aspects of the public squat toilet: structural properties, waste disposal methods, important factors, and overall satisfaction level. The significant factors in response to the public squat toilets were cleanliness, odor, toilet paper, temperature, soap, other facilities, and presence of cubicles. These factors should be policy priorities of the local government. In addition, 66.2% of Chinese and 91% of foreign visitors desired type E toilets (two full-high partition walls and a door). The results illustrate the nature of a sustainable and beautiful approach to the culturally and environmentally sound management of various types of public squat toilet in YKAP. The government needs to focus on the future-oriented and excreta treatment management of the sustainable toilet culture for residents and visitors of YKAP.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.629-636
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• 2011

In this study, survey experiment and EEG test was carried out to know the effect of visual images on EEG for evaluating words of soundscape sound source with 18 subjects. Analysis on the EEG were executed to know the difference according to with and without visual images. Followings are results of this study. 1) There is no big difference with visual images in soundscape sound evaluating adjectives such as "Full", "Clear", "Enjoyable" whereas there is a big difference in soundscape sound evaluating adjectives such as "Pleasant", "Comfortable", "Gentle", "Sonorous". 2) There is a tendency that soundscape sound source which is consist of single sound source shows + 1 above increase in survey test when visual image is suggested whereas soundscape sound source which is consist of one more sound source shows - 1 below decrease in survey test. 3) Statistical analysis was used to know considerable probability. ${\alpha}$-wave has a considerable probability and Maximum level difference occurring brain spots were number 1 and 2.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.191-204
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data necessary for improvement by closely examining factors of having influence upon dental technicians' turnover. Questionnaire survey was conducted of 204 dental technicians who work at dental hospitals, clinics and dental laboratory rooms in Daegu area. The following conclusions were obtained. The satisfaction with job was high in job position in more than co-representative, in the whole and other task, and in less than 9 hours as for working hours. In the satisfaction with working environment, dissatisfaction was high in women, in the working career with 7~9 years, in chief level as for the job position in charge, in being responsible for porcelain in case of the duty field, and in more than 10 people as for the number of employees. The higher satisfaction with job satisfaction and working environment led to the lower turnover intention. Turnover intention was low in case of having ventilation fan & dust collector desk and in case of being well ventilated inside the workshop. As the above results, it is considered to be necessary for arranging institutional device of protecting dental technicians' health and reducing turnover through improving working environment such as forming comfortable environment of using the dust-collecting facilities and the ventilation facilities, wearing suitable individual protective gear and arranging the rest space.